摘要:
A charged particle beam (12a, 12b) is transmitted through a specimen (14) for producing an irregular pattern as a first image. Further, a magnetic field to be measured (16) is arranged in space where a charged particle beam is passed between the specimen and an image plane thereby to produce a second image having an irregular pattern as in the foregoing case. The first image and the second image are processed to produce the deflection angle of the charged particle beam due to the magnetic field. This deflection angle is extracted from the entire positions of a cross section of the space where measurement is desired, thereby constructing projection data of a magnetic field by a charged particle beam. Furthermore, the magnetic field to be measured is rotated and the above-mentioned processing is performed from each direction to construct projection data. The projection data thus obtained and the computer tomography technique are used to determine a magnetic field at each point in space.
摘要:
A cathode includes a hairpin type filament made of a refractory metal such as W, Mo or Re; a single crystal needle, made of a refractory metal such as W, Mo or Re joined to the filament; and a reservoir formed by applying a slurry of a powder of a metal or metal compound and an organic solvent containing nitrocellulose in the vicinity of a junction between the single crystal needle and the filament. The powder for a reservoir is made of a metal lower than the single crystal needle in a work function or electron affinity, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, Th, Sc or Se, or a compound thereof.
摘要:
A magnetic head is disclosed which forms longitudinal magnetic field distribution (namely, spatial distribution with respect to the magnetic field in a longitudinal recording direction) made up of a narrow region corresponding to a narrow track width and a broad region for reinforcing the narrow portion. Such spatial distribution can be realized by spacing broad surface portions on both sides of that central surface portion of pole face which defines the narrow track width, apart from the air bearing surface of the magnetic head for a recording medium. Alternatively, the spatial distribution may be realized by making the magnetic path of the magnetic head of a plurality of materials (8, 9) different in saturated magnetic flux density from each other, or by forming main magnetic poles (10, 11) for defining the small track width, independently of magnetic poles (12, 13) for reinforcing a magnetic field formed by the main magnetic poles.
摘要:
A charged particle detector comprises a micro-channel plate (3, 3′) for detecting charged particles secondarily generated from a specimen (1) irradiated with a narrowly defined beam of charged particles, a signal outputting circuit (4, 5, 6) for transmitting therein a signal detected by the micro-channel plate and then outputting the signal, and a processing circuit (32; 32′, 4a-4c, d a , d b , 10) for simultaneously outputting signals of secondary charged particles generated from the specimen at the same instant of time. Preferably, the processing circuit is constructed by a vortex-shaped electrode (321) or the combination of concentric electrode segments (321a-321c) and delaying elements (d a , d b ).
摘要:
A Schottky emission cathode has a filament, a needle-shaped piece of single crystal refractory metal which is attached to the filament and has a flat crystal surface at a tip thereof, and an adsorbed layer including at least one kind of a metal other than the single crystal refractory metal on the flat crystal surface. The piece of single crystal refractory metal is heated by passing a current through the filament and electrons are extracted by an electric field applied on a tip of the needle-shaped piece of single crystal refractory metal. The tip of the needle-shaped piece of single crystal refractory metal has a radius of curvature of a value to produce an energy width among electrons extracted from the tip not exceeding a predetermined value when the electric field is sufficient to prevent the flat crystal surface from collapsing during operation of the cathode.
摘要:
A charged particle beam (12a, 12b) is transmitted through a specimen (14) for producing an irregular pattern as a first image. Further, a magnetic field to be measured (16) is arranged in space where a charged particle beam is passed between the specimen and an image plane thereby to produce a second image having an irregular pattern as in the foregoing case. The first image and the second image are processed to produce the deflection angle of the charged particle beam due to the magnetic field. This deflection angle is extracted from the entire positions of a cross section of the space where measurement is desired, thereby constructing projection data of a magnetic field by a charged particle beam. Furthermore, the magnetic field to be measured is rotated and the above-mentioned processing is performed from each direction to construct projection data. The projection data thus obtained and the computer tomography technique are used to determine a magnetic field at each point in space.