公开(公告)号：US20120038270A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-16

申请号：US13184625

申请日：2011-07-18

Applicant: Michael R. HAMMER

Inventor： Michael R. HAMMER

IPC: H01J61/12

CPC classification number: H01J61/90 ,  H01J61/16

Abstract: A pulsable light source for a spectroscopy instrument is provided, the light source including a xenon flash lamp having an anode and a cathode within a sealed envelope of pressurized xenon gas, the anode and the cathode being spaced so that an arc can be struck between the anode and the cathode without the use of a trigger electrode.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于光谱仪器的脉动光源，该光源包括在加压氙气的密封外壳内具有阳极和阴极的氙闪光灯，所述阳极和阴极间隔开，使得可以在 阳极和阴极，而不使用触发电极。

公开(公告)号：US20070258091A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-08

申请号：US11789619

申请日：2007-04-25

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer ,  Philip V. Wilson

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer ,  Philip V. Wilson

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28

Abstract: A calibrated spectroscopy instrument and a method for calibrating a spectroscopy instrument are disclosed. The spectroscopy instrument includes a monochromator having a drive mechanism comprising a pair of spur gears for rotating a diffraction grating of the monochromator for selecting a desired wavelength. The drive mechanism is calibrated to account for eccentricities in the spur gears to provide an accurate conversion between selected angular settings for the drive mechanism and the wavelength of the diffracted light from the monochromator. The drive mechanism comprises a pinion spur gear and a main spur gear which each have an AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers' Association) rating of at least 10, which allows errors due to random tooth to tooth variations to be neglected. A calibration algorithm is derived which is based on the error due to eccentricities in the spur gears following a precise geometric cyclic pattern.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种校准光谱仪器和用于校准光谱仪器的方法。 光谱仪包括具有驱动机构的单色仪，该驱动机构包括一对正齿轮，用于旋转用于选择期望波长的单色仪的衍射光栅。 校准驱动机构以考虑正齿轮中的偏心度，以提供用于驱动机构的选定角度设置和来自单色仪的衍射光的波长之间的精确转换。 驱动机构包括小齿轮正齿轮和主正齿轮，其各自具有至少10的AGMA（美制齿轮制造商协会）等级，其允许忽略由于随机牙齿变化引起的误差。 导出校准算法，其基于由精确几何循环模式引起的正齿轮中的偏心引起的误差。

公开(公告)号：US07561266B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-14

申请号：US11789619

申请日：2007-04-25

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer ,  Philip V. Wilson

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer ,  Philip V. Wilson

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28

CPC classification number: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28

Abstract: A calibrated spectroscopy instrument and a method for calibrating a spectroscopy instrument are disclosed. The spectroscopy instrument includes a monochromator having a drive mechanism comprising a pair of spur gears for rotating a diffraction grating of the monochromator for selecting a desired wavelength. The drive mechanism is calibrated to account for eccentricities in the spur gears to provide an accurate conversion between selected angular settings for the drive mechanism and the wavelength of the diffracted light from the monochromator. The drive mechanism comprises a pinion spur gear and a main spur gear which each have an AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers' Association) rating of at least 10, which allows errors due to random tooth to tooth variations to be neglected. A calibration algorithm is derived which is based on the error due to eccentricities in the spur gears following a precise geometric cyclic pattern.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种校准光谱仪器和用于校准光谱仪器的方法。 光谱仪包括具有驱动机构的单色仪，该驱动机构包括一对正齿轮，用于旋转用于选择期望波长的单色仪的衍射光栅。 校准驱动机构以考虑正齿轮中的偏心度，以提供用于驱动机构的选定角度设置和来自单色仪的衍射光的波长之间的精确转换。 驱动机构包括小齿轮正齿轮和主正齿轮，其各自具有至少10的AGMA（美制齿轮制造商协会）等级，其允许忽略由于随机牙齿变化引起的误差。 导出校准算法，其基于由精确几何循环模式引起的正齿轮中的偏心引起的误差。

公开(公告)号：US07177025B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-13

申请号：US10472296

申请日：2002-03-28

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer ,  Robert J. Francis

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer ,  Robert J. Francis

IPC: G01N21/55

CPC classification number: G01N21/55

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for measuring absolute specular reflectance of a surface of a sample (22) includes a sample holder (12), a light source (18) for transmitting an incident light beam (16) onto a surface of the sample (22) and a detector (26 ) for detecting a specularly reflected component of the incident light. The light source (18), sample holder (12) and detector (26) are mounted and operatively associate (14, 24, 28) to be relatively moveable to vary the angle of incidence of light (16) onto sample (22) and to correspondingly automatically vary the relative position of the detector (26) such that the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. In the absence of the sample (22) or upon removal of the sample holder (12), light (16) impinges directly onto detector (26) to directly allow measurement of the absolute intensity of the light beam (16) as a reference measurement. This avoids the need to use intervening optical components such as mirrors which may degrade over time. It also allows provision of a relatively simplified apparatus.

Abstract translation: 用于测量样品（22）的表面的绝对镜面反射率的装置（10）包括样品保持器（12），用于将入射光束（16）传输到样品（22）的表面上的光源（18） 以及用于检测入射光的镜面反射分量的检测器（26）。 光源（18），样品保持器（12）和检测器（26）被安装并且可操作地关联（14,24,28）以相对移动以改变光（16）到样品（22）上的入射角和 以相应地自动改变检测器（26）的相对位置，使得反射角等于入射角。 在不存在样品（22）或取样样品架（12）的情况下，光（16）直接照射到检测器（26）上，以直接允许测量光束（16）的绝对强度作为参考测量 。 这避免了使用中间的光学组件，例如可能随着时间而劣化的反射镜。 它还允许提供相对简化的装置。

公开(公告)号：US06813019B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-02

申请号：US09958458

申请日：2001-10-05

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer ,  Philip V. Wilson ,  Mark R. Williams ,  Dower C. Bricker ,  Martin K. Masters ,  Stewart R. Campbell ,  Peter G. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer ,  Philip V. Wilson ,  Mark R. Williams ,  Dower C. Bricker ,  Martin K. Masters ,  Stewart R. Campbell ,  Peter G. Layton

IPC: G01J328

CPC classification number: G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0213 ,  G01J3/0227 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/1809 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J5/62 ,  G01J2003/1828 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/31

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the spectrochemical analysis of a sample in which a solid state array detector (82) is used to detect radiation (62) of spectrochemical interest. The invention involves the use of a shutter (72) adjacent the entrance aperture (70) of a polychromator (74-80) to expose the detector (82) to the radiation (62) for varying lengths of time whereby for short duration exposure times charge accumulation in elements (i.e. pixels) of the detector (82) due to high intensity components of the radiation is limited and for longer exposure times charge accumulation in elements (pixels) of the detector (82) due to feeble intesity components of radiation (62) is increased. This ensures that each reading of the detector (82) includes at least one exposure in which the amount of charge accumulated at each wavelength of interest is neither too little or too great. The problems of feeble radiation components not being accurately measurable and of high intensity radiation components exceeding the charge carrying capacity of elements (pixels) of the detector (82) are thereby able to be avoided. An attenuator (90) may be placed between the radiation source (60) and the detector (82) to permit longer exposure times to be used for very high intensity radiation.

Abstract translation: 用于对样品进行光谱化学分析的方法和装置，其中固态阵列检测器（82）用于检测分光光度的辐射（62）。 本发明涉及使用与多色调剂（74-80）的入口孔（70）相邻的快门（72）将检测器（82）暴露于辐射（62）以改变长度的时间，从而短时间曝光时间 由于辐射的高强度分量，检测器（82）的元件（即，像素）中的电荷累积受到限制，并且由于辐射的微弱的肥胖分量，对于更长的曝光时间来检测器（82）的元件（像素）中的电荷累积 62）增加。 这确保了检测器（82）的每次读取包括至少一次曝光，其中在每个感兴趣波长处累积的电荷量既不太小也不太大。 因此能够避免无法精确测量的微弱辐射成分和超过检测器（82）的元件（像素）的电荷承载能力的高强度辐射成分的问题。 衰减器（90）可以放置在辐射源（60）和检测器（82）之间，以允许更长的曝光时间用于非常高强度的辐射。

公开(公告)号：US06753959B2

公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

申请号：US09958448

申请日：2001-10-05

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer ,  Martin K. Masters ,  Stewart R. Campbell ,  Peter G. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer ,  Martin K. Masters ,  Stewart R. Campbell ,  Peter G. Layton

IPC: G01J328

CPC classification number: G01J5/62 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0213 ,  G01J3/0227 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/1809 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J2003/1828 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/31

Abstract: Spectroscopy apparatus for spectrochemical analysis of a sample having an excitation source (60) for providing spectral light (62) of the sample for analysis. The spectral light (62) is analysed via an optical system (64-66-68) that includes a polychromator (70, 74-80) and solid state multielement array detector (82). The elements (i.e. pixels) of the detector (82) are serially reel by means (84) to provide light intensity measurements as a function of wavelength. A problem is that the elements (pixels) of the detector (82) continue to accumulate change during the serial read-out. This is avoided by providing an optical shutter (72) for blocking the spectral light (62) whilst elements (pixels) of the detector (82) are being serially read. Shutter (72) has a piezoelectric actuator which is preferably a bimorph mounted as a cantilever. It is preferably located adjacent to the entrance aperture (70) of the polychromator. Bimorph structures for the actuator and drive and protective circuit arrangements are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 具有用于提供用于分析的样品的光谱光（62）的激发源（60）的样品的光谱分析用光谱仪。 分光光（62）通过包括多色分光器（70,74-80）和固态多元件阵列检测器（82）的光学系统（64-66-68）进行分析。 检测器（82）的元件（即，像素）通过装置（84）串联卷绕以提供作为波长的函数的光强度测量。 问题在于，在串行读出期间，检测器（82）的元件（像素）继续积累变化。 这是通过提供用于阻挡分光光（62）的光学快门（72）而避免的，同时检测器（82）的元件（像素）被串行读取。 快门（72）具有压电致动器，其优选地是作为悬臂安装的双压电晶片。 它优选地位于多色调色板的入口孔（70）附近。 还公开了用于致动器和驱动器和保护电路装置的双压电晶片结构。

公开(公告)号：US06683272B2

公开(公告)日：2004-01-27

申请号：US10312962

申请日：2002-12-31

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer

IPC: B23K1000

CPC classification number: H05H1/46 ,  H05H1/30 ,  H05H2001/4622

Abstract: A plasma source for a spectrometer for spectrochemical analysis of a sample is characterized by use of the magnetic field component of applied microwave energy for exciting a plasma. The source includes a waveguide cavity (10) fed with TE10 mode microwave power. A plasma torch (16) passes through the cavity (10) and is axially aligned with a magnetic field maximum (18) of the applied microwave electromagnetic field. Magnetic field concentration structures such as triangular section metal bars (20) may be provided. In an alternative embodiment a resonant iris may be provided within a waveguide and the plasma torch positioned relative thereto such that the microwave electromagnetic field at the resonant iris excites the plasma.

Abstract translation: 用于样品的光谱化学分析的光谱仪的等离子体源的特征在于使用施加的微波能量的磁场分量来激发等离子体。 源包括馈送有TE10模式微波功率的波导腔（10）。 等离子体焰炬（16）通过空腔（10）并与所施加的微波电磁场的磁场最大值（18）轴向对准。 可以提供诸如三角截面金属棒（20）的磁场浓度结构。 在替代实施例中，谐振虹膜可以设置在波导内并且相对于其定位的等离子体焰炬，使得谐振虹膜处的微波电磁场激发等离子体。

公开(公告)号：US5355214A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-11

申请号：US751279

申请日：1991-08-29

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer

IPC: F23N1/00 ,  G01N21/72 ,  G01J3/30

CPC classification number: G01N21/72 ,  F23N1/002 ,  F23N2035/16

Abstract: A method and means for accurately regulating the rate of flow of supply gas to the burner or torch of a spectrometer. The flow rate is controlled by a valve having a closure member which is movable between a position at which it provides maximum obstruction to gas flow, and a position at which it provides minimum such obstruction. The closure member movement is controlled by a pulsed electrical signal so that the closure member moves rapidly and repeatedly between each of the two positions. Gas flow rate through the valve is therefore dependent upon the aggregate of the times the closure member spends in either of the two positions referred to, and that flow rate is changed by varying the frequency and/or pulse duration of the pulsed signal.

Abstract translation: 一种用于精确调节供应气体到光谱仪的燃烧器或割炬的流量的方法和装置。 流量由具有封闭构件的阀控制，所述闭合构件可在其向气流提供最大阻塞的位置和其提供最小的这种阻塞的位置之间移动。 关闭构件的移动由脉冲电信号控制，使得闭合构件在两个位置中的每一个之间快速且重复地移动。 因此，通过阀的气体流量取决于封闭构件在所提及的两个位置中的任一时间的总和，并且通过改变脉冲信号的频率和/或脉冲持续时间来改变流量。

公开(公告)号：US20080135484A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-12

申请号：US11665141

申请日：2005-10-18

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer

IPC: B01D15/08

CPC classification number: G01N30/92 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N30/466 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N2021/0346 ,  G01N2030/027

Abstract: A multi-column liquid chromatography system (10) for performing a plurality of liquid chromatography separations in parallel is based on a column plate structure (12) having parallel grooves (20) formed in a surface (22) of a plate (18), a cover sheet (40) bonded to the surface (22) to cover the grooves (20) and a stationary phase (38) contained in each covered groove (20). Through holes (24, 26) in the plate (18) define respective inlets (24) for the chromatography columns (14) and flow cells (16) at outlets, with the cover sheet (40) providing an optically transparent end wall for the flow cells (16) and another cover sheet (42) bonded to the opposite surface (30) of the plate (18) providing the other optically transparent end wall for the flow cells (16). Thus merely three parts need be provided for a structure for providing the chromatography columns, that is, a plate having grooves and through holes plus two cover sheets. The chromatography system (10) additionally includes a pumping system (46) comprising a syringe pump (48) for each column (14), an optical system (28) for transmitting analytical radiation through the flow cells (16) and a fraction collection sheet (110) containing wells (112) which is fed past outlets (34-35) from the column plate structure (12).

Abstract translation: 基于在板（18）的表面（22）中形成有平行凹槽（20）的柱板结构（12），用于并行执行多个液相色谱分离的多柱液相色谱系统（10） 覆盖在所述表面（22）上以覆盖所述槽（20）的盖板（40）和包含在每个被覆盖的槽（20）中的固定相（38）。 板（18）中的通孔（24,26）在出口处限定用于色谱柱（14）和流动池（16）的相应入口（24），其中覆盖片（40）提供光学透明的端壁，用于 流动池（16）和另一个覆盖板（42），其结合到板（18）的相对表面（30），从而为流动池（16）提供另一个光学透明的端壁。 因此，需要提供用于提供色谱柱的结构的三个部分，即具有凹槽和通孔加上两个覆盖片的板。 色谱系统（10）还包括泵系统（46），其包括用于每列（14）的注射泵（48），用于通过流动池（16）传送分析辐射的光学系统（28） （110），其包含从所述列板结构（12）经过出口（34-35）馈送的孔（112）。

公开(公告)号：US07030979B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-18

申请号：US10502927

申请日：2002-08-23

Applicant: Michael R. Hammer

Inventor： Michael R. Hammer

IPC: G01N21/73

CPC classification number: G01N21/73 ,  G01N21/68 ,  H05H1/30

Abstract: A plasma source for a spectrometer includes a plasma torch (10) located within a waveguide or resonant cavity (40) for both the electric and the magnetic field components of a microwave electromagnetic field to excite a plasma (54). This produces a plasma (54) having a generally elliptical cross section into which sample is relatively easily injected but which still provides good thermal coupling between the plasma and the sample. The invention gives significantly improved limits of detection compared to prior art microwave induced plasma systems. The torch is preferably axially aligned with the direction of the magnetic field component and may be located within a resonant iris (32) within the waveguide or cavity (40).

Abstract translation: 用于光谱仪的等离子体源包括位于波导或谐振腔（40）内的等离子体焰炬（10），用于微波电磁场的电场和磁场分量以激发等离子体（54）。 这产生具有大致椭圆形横截面的等离子体（54），样品相对容易地注入到其中，但仍然在等离子体和样品之间提供良好的热耦合。 与现有技术的微波感应等离子体系相比，本发明显着提高了检测限。 火炬优选地与磁场分量的方向轴向对准，并且可以位于波导或空腔（40）内的共振光阑（32）内。