Abstract:
Inspection apparatus (100) is used for measuring parameters of targets on a substrate. Coherent radiation follows an illumination path (solid rays) for illuminating target (T). A collection path (dashed rays) collects diffracted radiation from the target and delivers it to a lock-in image detector (112). A reference beam following a reference path (dotted rays). An acousto-optical modulator (108) shifts the optical frequency of the reference beam so that the intensity of radiation at the lock-in detector includes a time-varying component having a characteristic frequency corresponding to a difference between the frequencies of the diffracted radiation and the reference radiation. The lock-in image detector records two-dimensional image information representing both amplitude and phase of the time-varying component. A second reference beam with a different shift (110) follows a second reference path (dot-dash rays). Interference between the two reference beams can be used for intensity normalization.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatuses for determining in-plane distortion (IPD) across a substrate having a plurality of patterned regions. A method includes obtaining intra-region data indicative of a local stress distribution across one of the plurality of patterned regions; determining, based on the intra-region data, inter-region data indicative of a global stress distribution across the substrate; and determining, based on the inter-region data, the IPD across the substrate.
Abstract:
A scatterometer is used in a dark-field imaging mode to measure asymmetry-related parameters such as overlay. Measurements of small grating targets are made using identical optical paths, with the target in two orientations to obtain separate measurements of +1 and −1 diffraction orders. In this way, intensity scaling differences (tool asymmetry) are avoided. However, additive intensity defects due to stray radiation (ghosts) in the optical system cannot be avoided. Additive intensity issues strongly depend on the ratio between 0th and 1st order diffraction and are therefore strongly substrate (process) dependent. Calibration measurements are made on a few representative target gratings having biases. The calibration measurements are made, using not only different substrate rotations but also complementary apertures. Corrections are calculated and applied to correct asymmetry, to reduce error caused by stray radiation.
Abstract:
An inspection apparatus (300) includes a focus monitoring arrangement (500, 500′). Focusing radiation (505) comprises radiation having a first wavelength and radiation having a second wavelength. Reference radiation and focusing radiation at each wavelength are provided with at least one relative frequency shift so that the interfering radiation detected in the detection system includes a time-varying component having a characteristic frequency. A focus detection system (520) comprises one or more lock-in detectors (520b, 520c, 900). Operating the lock-in detectors with reference to both the first and second characteristic frequencies allows the arrangement to select which of the first and second focusing radiation is used to determine whether the optical system is in focus. Good quality signals can be obtained from targets of different structure.