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公开(公告)号：US4846851A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-11
申请号：US113787
申请日：1987-10-27
IPC分类号： C01B3/02
CPC分类号： C01B3/025
摘要： Crude ammonia synthesis gas is obtained by primary steam reforming of a hydrocarbon gas mixture rich in methane, such as natural gas, followed by secondary reforming of the primary reformate with added air and shift conversion of the contained CO to CO.sub.2. The shift conversion product is first freed of contained CO.sub.2 by selective absorption in a novel PSA unit having an integrated B section for removal of remaining impurities such as carbon monoxide and methane, thereby providing as product a gas stream comprised of hydrogen and nitrogen in approximate 3:1 molar ratio accompanied by a small amount or argon derived from the air stream used in the secondary reforming step. Alternative embodiments are disclosed for removal of CO from the gas stream, before its entry into the NH.sub.3 conversion operation; any residual CO that might have slipped thorugh the absorbent bed of the B section is converted to CH.sub.4.
摘要翻译： 原氨合成气是通过对富含甲烷的烃类气体混合物如天然气进行一次蒸汽重整，然后通过添加空气二次重整初级重整产物并将所含CO转化为CO 2而获得的。 转移产物首先通过选择性吸收在具有整合的B部分的新型PSA单元中除去含有CO 2，以除去诸如一氧化碳和甲烷的剩余杂质，从而提供由氢和氮组成的气流约3 ：1摩尔比率伴有少量或来自二次重整步骤中使用的空气流的氩。 公开了用于在进入NH 3转化操作之前从气流中除去CO的替代实施方案; 任何残留的CO可能已经滑倒了B部分的吸收床被转换成CH4。
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公开(公告)号：US4836833A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-06
申请号：US157434
申请日：1988-02-17
IPC分类号： B01D53/047 , B01D53/22 , C01B3/50 , C01B3/56 , C01B32/40
CPC分类号： B01D53/0476 , B01D53/229 , C01B3/501 , C01B3/56 , C01B31/18 , B01D2253/102 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2253/116 , B01D2256/16 , B01D2256/20 , B01D2257/504 , B01D2257/7025 , B01D2259/40001 , B01D2259/40015 , B01D2259/4003 , B01D2259/40032 , B01D2259/40052 , B01D2259/40064 , B01D2259/40066 , B01D2259/40067 , B01D2259/403 , B01D2259/404 , B01D2259/4062 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/048 , Y02C10/08 , Y02C10/10 , Y02C20/20 , Y02P20/152 , Y02P20/156
摘要： Separation and individual recovery of high purity hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a mixed gas stream containing these compounds in association with carbon dioxide and one or more minor components such as particularly methane, is achieved by pressure swing adsorption to remove contained carbon dioxide from the charged gas, and further treatment of the CO.sub.2 -freed gas product by a sequence of steps utilizing (a) pressure swing adsorption and (b) selective permeation through a series of semi-permeable membranes, which steps (a) and (b) are carried out in either order of sequence.
摘要翻译： 通过变压吸附法从含有这些化合物的混合气流与二氧化碳和一种或多种次要组分（例如甲烷）相结合，分离和单独回收高纯度氢和一氧化碳，以从带电气体中除去含二氧化碳 ，并通过一系列步骤进一步处理二氧化碳释放的气体产物，所述步骤利用（a）变压吸附和（b）通过一系列半渗透膜进行选择性渗透，步骤（a）和（b） 按序列顺序。
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公开(公告)号：US4988490A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-29
申请号：US244429
申请日：1988-09-14
IPC分类号： B01D53/047 , C01B3/02 , C01B21/04
CPC分类号： C01B21/0494 , B01D53/047 , C01B3/025 , B01D2253/104 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2256/10 , B01D2256/16 , B01D2257/502 , B01D2257/504 , B01D2257/80 , B01D2259/40015 , B01D2259/40022 , B01D2259/4003 , B01D2259/40037 , B01D2259/40052 , B01D2259/40062 , B01D2259/40066 , B01D2259/40075 , B01D2259/40081 , B01D2259/402 , B01D2259/403 , B01D2259/4062 , B01D53/261 , C01B2210/0006 , C01B2210/0014 , C01B2210/0045 , C01B2210/0051 , C01B2210/0062 , Y02C10/08 , Y02C20/20 , Y02P20/152
摘要： Nitrogen is economically recovered from the flue gas evolved in a hydrocarbon steam reforming furnace by hydrogenation of free oxygen therein and removal of carbon dioxide and other minor impurities from the flue gas by pressure swing adsorption with recovery of high purity nitrogen as unsorbed effluent. The process is utilized to highest advantage in the production of ammonia syngas wherein natural gas or other hydrocarbon feed is subjected to steam reforming in a fuel-fired furnace. The nitrogen obtained by purification of the flue gas is combined with the purified hydrogen separated from the reformate providing the syngas for conversion to ammonia. In a preferred embodiment, the steam reforming is carried out in two stages, the first stage being performed in a conventional fuel-fired steam reforming furnace to which a major portion of the fresh hydrocarbon feed is charged. The hot effluent from this first reforming stage is employed as the heating medium to support reforming of the remaining minor portion of the fresh feed by heat exchange therewith.
摘要翻译： 通过在其中通过氢化游离氧，从烃蒸汽转化炉中放出的烟道气经济地回收氮气，通过变压吸附除去来自废气的二氧化碳和其它微量杂质，并回收高纯度氮气作为未吸收的流出物。 该方法用于生产氨合成气的最大优点，其中天然气或其它烃进料在燃料燃烧炉中进行蒸汽重整。 通过净化烟气获得的氮与从提供合成气转化为氨的重整产物分离的纯化氢合并。 在一个优选的实施方案中，蒸汽重整分两个阶段进行，第一阶段在常规的燃料蒸汽重整炉中进行，其中主要部分新鲜的烃类进料被加入到其中。 采用来自该第一重整阶段的热流出物作为加热介质，以通过与其进行热交换来支持新鲜进料的剩余少量部分的重整。
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公开(公告)号：US4732596A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-22
申请号：US43564
申请日：1987-04-28
CPC分类号： F25J3/0261 , B01D53/047 , C01B3/506 , C01B3/56 , C01B31/18 , F25J3/0223 , F25J3/0252 , B01D2256/16 , B01D2256/20 , B01D2257/504 , B01D2257/80 , B01D2259/40001 , B01D2259/40041 , B01D2259/40056 , B01D2259/40075 , B01D2259/4062 , B01D2259/416 , B01D53/261 , C01B2203/046 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/048 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0495 , F25J2200/70 , F25J2205/04 , F25J2205/40 , F25J2205/60 , F25J2205/66 , F25J2210/04 , F25J2245/02 , F25J2270/04 , Y02C10/08 , Y02P20/152 , Y10S62/908 , Y10S62/92 , Y10S62/932
摘要： Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are each separately recovered in high yield from a multicomponent gas stream containing these compounds together with carbon dioxide and a zero to minor amount of one or more gaseous components from the group consisting of nitrogen, methane, water vapor and C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 hydrocarbons, by a process wherein the multicomponent gas stream, such as that obtained by steam methane reforming, is initially treated in a pressure swing adsorption unit to remove water and CO.sub.2, and the obtained effluent freed of CO.sub.2 and water is then further subjected to (1) cryogenic fractionation to condense CO and to (2) hydrogen purification by selective adsorption (in either order) to recover high purity carbon monoxide and essentially pure hydrogen. The CO.sub.2 -laden adsorbent is regenerated by purging with a H.sub.2 O and CO.sub.2 -free waste gas stream from the hydrogen purification adsorbent bed or from the cryogenic fractionation or from both of these.
摘要翻译： 氢和一氧化碳分别从含有这些化合物的多组分气流与二氧化碳和零至少量的一种或多种气态组分从氮气，甲烷，水蒸气和C1-C6 碳氢化合物，其中通过蒸汽甲烷重整获得的多组分气流最初在变压吸附单元中处理以除去水和CO 2，然后将得到的排出CO 2和水的流出物进一步经受（ 1）低温分馏以冷凝CO和（2）通过选择性吸附（以任一顺序）氢纯化以回收高纯度一氧化碳和基本上纯的氢。 通过用来自氢气净化吸附床或来自低温分馏或来自这两者的H 2 O和不含CO 2的废气流进行净化来再生含二氧化碳的吸附剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5202057A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-13
申请号：US876683
申请日：1992-04-28
IPC分类号： B01D53/047 , C01B3/02 , C01B21/04
CPC分类号： C01B21/0494 , C01B3/025 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2256/10 , B01D2256/16 , B01D2257/502 , B01D2257/504 , B01D2257/7025 , B01D2257/80 , B01D2259/40001 , B01D2259/40022 , B01D2259/4003 , B01D2259/40037 , B01D2259/40052 , B01D2259/40056 , B01D2259/40062 , B01D2259/40064 , B01D2259/40066 , B01D2259/40067 , B01D2259/40081 , B01D53/047 , B01D53/261 , C01B2210/0006 , C01B2210/0014 , C01B2210/0045 , C01B2210/0051 , C01B2210/0062 , Y02C10/08 , Y02C20/20 , Y02P20/152 , Y02P20/156
摘要： Nitrogen is economically recovered from the flue gas evolved in a hydrocarbon steam reforming furnace by hydrogenation of free oxygen therein and removal of carbon dioxide and other minor impurities from the flue gas by pressure swing adsorption with recovery of high purity nitrogen is unsorbed effluent. The process is utilized to highest advantage in the production of ammonia syngas wherein natural gas or other hydrocarbon feed is subjected to steam reforming in a fuel-fired furnace. The nitrogen obtained by purification of the flue gas is combined with the purified hydrogen separated from the reformate providing the syngas for conversion to ammonia. In a preferred embodiment, the steam reforming is carried out in two stages, the first stage being performed in a conventional fuel-fired steam reforming furnace to which a major portion of the fresh hydrocarbon feed is charged. The hot effluent from this first reforming stage is employed as the heating medium to support reforming of the remaining minor portion of the fresh feed by heat exchange therewith.
摘要翻译： 通过在其中通过氢化游离氧从烃蒸汽转化炉中放出的烟道气经济地回收氮气，通过回收高纯度氮气的变压吸附从烟道气中除去二氧化碳和其它微量杂质是未被吸收的流出物。 该方法用于生产氨合成气的最大优点，其中天然气或其它烃进料在燃料燃烧炉中进行蒸汽重整。 通过净化烟气获得的氮与从提供合成气转化为氨的重整产物分离的纯化氢合并。 在优选的实施方案中，蒸汽重整分两个阶段进行，第一阶段在传统的燃料蒸汽重整炉中进行，其中主要部分的新鲜碳氢化合物进料被加入。 采用来自该第一重整阶段的热流出物作为加热介质，以通过与其进行热交换来支持新鲜进料的剩余少量部分的重整。
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公开(公告)号：US5068058A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-26
申请号：US347609
申请日：1989-05-04
IPC分类号： C01B3/02
CPC分类号： C01B3/025
摘要： A method is disclosed for producing ammonia synthesis gas by splitting a methane stream, combusting a portion of the methane with steam and oxygen-enriched air, converting a second portion of the methane with steam in a reformation heated by the combustion products of the first portion and combining the two portions for the water gas shift reaction followed by adsorptive separation of contained carbon dioxide.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过分解甲烷流，使蒸汽和富氧空气燃烧一部分甲烷而将氨合成气转化的方法，用第一部分的燃烧产物加热的改性中的蒸汽转化甲烷的第二部分 并将两部分合并用于水煤气变换反应，然后吸附分离所含的二氧化碳。
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公开(公告)号：US4861351A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-29
申请号：US97573
申请日：1987-09-16
CPC分类号： B01D53/0476 , B01D53/1475 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/52 , C01B3/56 , C01B31/18 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2256/16 , B01D2256/20 , B01D2257/502 , B01D2259/4003 , B01D2259/40064 , B01D2259/4061 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/143 , C01B2203/147 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/82 , Y02C10/06 , Y02C10/08 , Y02P20/152
摘要： Substantially pure hydrogen and high purity carbon monoxide are produced and recovered from a methane-rich gas composition, such as natural gas, by subjecting such composition to steam reforming in a first stage at relatively mild conditions, followed by secondary oxidative reforming of the thus obtained primary reformate effecting conversion of residual methane therein to carbon oxides. The secondary reformate, comprised chiefly of hydrogen, CO, and CO.sub.2, is subjected to a novel sequence of operations for separation of these individual components. CO.sub.2 is first removed by solvent absorption, followed by selective adsorption for separation of CO from the CO.sub.2 -freed gas mixture with attendant recovery of hydrogen product of 98.sup.+ % purity as an unsorbed effluent. Trace to small amounts of undesired carbon monoxide in the thus recovered hydrogen product can be converted by catalytic methanation.
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公开(公告)号：US5073356A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-17
申请号：US586359
申请日：1990-09-20
申请人： David E. Guro , Ravi Kumar , David M. Nicholas , Gary S. Roth
发明人： David E. Guro , Ravi Kumar , David M. Nicholas , Gary S. Roth
CPC分类号： C01B31/18 , C01B3/501 , C01B3/56 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/048 , Y02C10/08 , Y02P20/125
摘要： The present invention is an integrated process for the adsorptive recovery of a high purity carbon monoxide product from a gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen, with the potential additional recovery of a hydrogen-rich stream and the recycle of the resulting gas mixture to a reformation reaction to produce the gas mixture with a more favorable carbon monoxide and hydrogen product slate. Separate carbon dioxide recovery can be performed. Hydrogen recovery can be either by adsorptive or by membrane technology. The process achieves high recoveries at reduced capital cost and at reduced product cost.
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4257897A
公开(公告)日：1981-03-24
申请号：US88664
申请日：1979-10-26
CPC分类号： C02F3/1215 , C02F3/121 , C02F3/308 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S210/906
摘要： A process for promoting the reabsorption and retention by an activated biomass of phosphorous values previously contained by the biomass and released under anaerobic conditions, which process requires initially subjecting the biomass in admixture with a liquid medium to treatment under aerobic conditions employing a relatively high DO. When the pH of the mixture stops increasing, the aerobic treatment is continued but under a second, reduced DO level.
摘要翻译： 一种促进由生物质预先含有并且在厌氧条件下释放的磷值的活化生物质的再吸收和保留的方法，该方法首先使生物质与液体培养基混合，在需氧条件下使用较高的DO进行处理。 当混合物的pH停止增加时，需氧处理继续进行，但在第二次降低的DO水平。
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公开(公告)号：US4654047A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-31
申请号：US769204
申请日：1985-08-23
CPC分类号： F25J3/0219 , B01D53/229 , C01B3/501 , C01B3/506 , F25J3/0233 , F25J3/0252 , F25J3/08 , C01B2203/046 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/048 , C01B2203/0495 , F25J2205/40 , F25J2205/80 , F25J2205/82 , F25J2210/12 , F25J2215/10 , F25J2245/02 , Y10S62/931
摘要： The present invention involves a process for recovering hydrogen from a feed gas mixture comprising hydrogen and at least one other component. The feed gas mixture is initially separated in a membrane separation unit to produce a hydrogen-rich stream and a hydrogen-lean stream. The hydrogen-lean stream is subsequently treated in a cryogenic separation unit to remove a portion of the non-hydrogen components and produce a hydrogen-enriched stream. The hydrogen-enriched stream from the cryogenic separation unit is recycled and combined with the feed gas mixture to the membrane separation unit.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及从包含氢和至少一种其它组分的原料气混合物中回收氢气的方法。 原料气体混合物最初在膜分离单元中分离以产生富氢流和贫氢流。 随后在低温分离单元中处理贫氢气流以除去一部分非氢组分并产生富氢流。 来自低温分离单元的富氢流被再循环并与进料气体混合物组合到膜分离单元。
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