公开(公告)号：US5363707A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-15

申请号：US877909

申请日：1992-05-01

申请人： Kurt B. Augenblick ,  Paul B. Crilly ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Kimber D. Fogelman

发明人： Kurt B. Augenblick ,  Paul B. Crilly ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Kimber D. Fogelman

IPC分类号： G01N1/00 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N30/06 ,  G01N30/16

CPC分类号： G01N30/06 ,  G01N2001/2229

摘要： Methods and apparatus for collecting gasses from the sample headspace of a sealed sample container are disclosed. The gasses in the sample headspace are withdrawn by inserting a probe into the sample headspace and permitting the gasses to flow into an external headspace. The probe is then disconnected from the sample to seal the external headspace and the external headspace is then connected to an analytical instrument such as a gas chromatograph to permit the sample gasses to be transferred out of the external headspace and into the instrument. The step of transferring the gasses is preferably accomplished by connecting a source of carrier gas to an inlet port of the external headspace and sweeping the sample gasses from the external headspace. In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, vibration is used to promote the formation of sample gasses either by vibrating the sample container itself or by moving the sample container relative to a stop to vibrate a septum which seals the sample container in certain embodiments. In these embodiments, the agitation created by such vibrations increases the rate of outgassing from the sample to the sample headspace. Also, in certain embodiments, the external headspace includes a flexible portion that is vibrated to agitate the external headspace and thereby promote uniform dispersion of sample gasses throughout the headspace.

摘要翻译： 公开了从密封样品容器的样品顶部空间收集气体的方法和装置。 通过将探针插入样品顶部空间并允许气体流入外部顶部空间来取出样品顶部空间中的气体。 然后将探头与样品断开以密封外部顶部空间，然后将外部顶部空间连接到诸如气相色谱仪的分析仪器，以允许样品气体从外部顶部空间转移到仪器中。 传送气体的步骤优选通过将载气源连接到外部顶部空间的入口并且从外部顶部空间扫掠样品气体来实现。 在本发明的某些优选实施例中，振动用于通过振动样品容器本身或通过相对于止动器移动样品容器来振动样品气体的形成，以振动在某些实施方案中密封样品容器的隔膜。 在这些实施例中，由这种振动产生的搅动增加了从样品到样品顶部空间的放气速率。 此外，在某些实施例中，外部顶部空间包括振动的柔性部分，以搅拌外部顶部空间，从而促使样品气体均匀分散在整个顶部空间中。

公开(公告)号：US4847474A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-11

申请号：US142974

申请日：1988-01-12

申请人： Steven J. Engel ,  Kurt B. Augenblick ,  Lesley M. Freed ,  Charles T. Coffey ,  Paul C. Dryden

发明人： Steven J. Engel ,  Kurt B. Augenblick ,  Lesley M. Freed ,  Charles T. Coffey ,  Paul C. Dryden

IPC分类号： G06K7/10

CPC分类号： G06K7/10861 ,  G06K2207/1016

摘要： The bar code on the cylindrical surface of an object is accurately read by rotating the object past a bar code reader so that the bar code passes the reader a plurality of times. Each of the readings from the reader is compared with the other readings and a final reading is provided when several of the same readings is obtained in succession. The object may be rotated pass the reader first in one direction and then in the opposite direction to assure a proper reading in the event that the bar code is backwards. Also, the object may be rotated at a varying speed to obtain the optimum scan speed for the particular density of the bar code.

公开(公告)号：US4232233A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-04

申请号：US974582

申请日：1978-12-29

申请人： David E. Clouser ,  Steven J. Engel

发明人： David E. Clouser ,  Steven J. Engel

IPC分类号： G06G7/24

CPC分类号： G06G7/24

摘要： The linear component appearing in the output of two logarithmic amplifiers connected for temperature compensation and having matched feedback semiconductor devices is cancelled in a resistor connected in series with a logarithmic device between the output and a point of reference potential so that a purely logarithmic voltage appears at their junction.

摘要翻译： 出现在用于温度补偿并具有匹配的反馈半导体器件的两个对数放大器的输出中的线性分量在与输出和参考电位之间的对数器件串联连接的电阻器中被抵消，使得纯对数电压出现在 他们的交界处。

公开(公告)号：US5133859A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-28

申请号：US487693

申请日：1990-03-02

申请人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christopher M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel

发明人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christopher M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel

IPC分类号： B01D11/00 ,  B01D11/02 ,  G01N1/10 ,  G01N30/02

CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 ,  G01N30/02 ,  Y10T436/255

摘要： Methods and apparatus for extracting sample components from complex matrices using supercritical carbon dioxide as the principal extracting solvent are disclosed. The present invention takes advantage of the fact that the solvent power of a supercritical fluid is stepwise settable by the parameters of density, modifier concentration, and temperature. Accordingly, methods and apparatus for extracting a component from a sample using flow system having a variable and controllable flow restriction are disclosed. The methods of the present invention comprise the steps of inserting the sample into the sample container section, inputting temperature, pressure, flow rate and extraction time setpoints. The flow rate is controlled and the system pressure regulated by the variable flow restriction. The present invention contemplates opening and closing the orifice in order to control the variable flow restriction, or closing the orifice until setpoint pressure is achieved and controlling the restriction of the orifice to maintain the setpoint pressure.The present invention also discloses apparatus for the extraction of components from a sample which include means for regulating the pressure and flowrate of a supercritical extraction solvent.

公开(公告)号：US5094741A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US525964

申请日：1990-05-18

申请人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christoper M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Mark A. Nickerson ,  Ernest Zerenner

发明人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christoper M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Mark A. Nickerson ,  Ernest Zerenner

IPC分类号： G01N1/00 ,  B01D11/02 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/28 ,  G01N30/32

CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 ,  G01N30/28 ,  G01N2030/324 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/32

摘要： Methods and apparatus for extracting sample components from complex matrices using supercritical fluid as the principal extracting solvent are disclosed. The invention takes advantage of the fact that the solvent power of a supercritical fluid is stepwise settable by the parameters of density, modifier concentration, and temperature. Accordingly, methods and apparatus for extracting a component from a sample using fluid flow system having a variable and controllable flow restriction are disclosed. The methods of the present invention comprise the steps of inserting the sample into the sample container section, inputting temperature, pressure, flow rate and extraction time set points. Flow rate is controlled and system pressure regulated by the variable flow restriction. The invention contemplates opening and closing an orifice in order to control the variable flow restriction, or closing the orifice until set point pressure is achieved and controlling the restriction of the orifice to maintain the set point pressure. The present invention also discloses apparatus for the extraction of components from a sample which include means for regulating the pressure and flow rate of a supercritical extraction solvent.

摘要翻译： 公开了使用超临界流体作为主要提取溶剂从复杂基质中提取样品组分的方法和装置。 本发明利用超临界流体的溶剂功率可以通过密度参数，改性剂浓度和温度来逐步设定的事实。 因此，公开了使用具有可变和可控流量限制的流体流动系统从样品中提取组分的方法和装置。 本发明的方法包括将样品插入样品容器部分，输入温度，压力，流速和提取时间设定点的步骤。 流量控制，系统压力由可变流量限制调节。 本发明设想打开和关闭孔口以便控制可变流量限制，或者关闭孔口，直到实现设定点压力并且控制孔口的限制以保持设定点压力。 本发明还公开了一种用于从样品中提取组分的装置，其包括用于调节超临界萃取溶剂的压力和流速的装置。

公开(公告)号：US20080291966A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-27

申请号：US11805694

申请日：2007-05-24

申请人： Steven J. Engel ,  Heng He ,  Steven J. O'Kane

发明人： Steven J. Engel ,  Heng He ,  Steven J. O'Kane

IPC分类号： G01K17/00

CPC分类号： G01N30/66

摘要： A thermal conductivity detector (TCD) includes a detector cell body having a plurality of fluid cavities, at least one detector element associated with each of the plurality of fluid cavities, and a control circuit associated with each of the at least one detector elements, wherein the control circuit varies the power to the at least one detector element to maintain the at least one detector element at a constant temperature. Power compensation and temperature compensation are also provided to minimize temperature variation of the body of the TCD cell.

摘要翻译： 热导率检测器（TCD）包括具有多个流体腔的检测器单体体，与多个流体空腔中的每一个相关联的至少一个检测器元件以及与至少一个检测器元件中的每一个相关联的控制电路，其中 控制电路改变至少一个检测器元件的功率，以将至少一个检测器元件保持在恒定温度。 还提供功率补偿和温度补偿以最小化TCD电池体的温度变化。

公开(公告)号：US5322626A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-21

申请号：US13899

申请日：1993-02-05

申请人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christopher M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Mark A. Nickerson ,  Ernest H. Zerenner

发明人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christopher M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Mark A. Nickerson ,  Ernest H. Zerenner

IPC分类号： B01D11/02 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/28 ,  G01N30/32 ,  B01D15/08

CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 ,  G01N30/28 ,  G01N2030/324 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/32

摘要： Methods and apparatus for extracting sample components from complex matrices using supercritical fluid as the principal extracting solvent are disclosed. The invention takes advantage of the fact that the solvent power of a supercritical fluid is stepwise settable by the parameters of density, modifier concentration, and temperature. Accordingly, methods and apparatus for extracting a component from a sample using fluid flow system having a variable and controllable flow restriction are disclosed. The methods of the present invention comprise the steps of inserting the sample into the sample container section, inputting temperature, pressure, flow rate and extraction time set points. Flow rate is controlled and system pressure regulated by the variable flow restriction. The output stream from the extraction is then expanded through a nozzle and into a trap. In certain embodiments, the trap is filled with chemically active packing material. In other embodiments, a fractionation zone and other analytical instruments are coupled to the apparatus of the present invention. Methods and apparatus for rinsing the extraction instrument and for diluting the extraction fluid are also disclosed. Methods for operating a supercritical fluid extraction systems comprising a pressure and thermal control systems which are programmable to regulate the system to maintain such values within the design specifications during the extraction process.

摘要翻译： 公开了使用超临界流体作为主要提取溶剂从复杂基质中提取样品组分的方法和装置。 本发明利用超临界流体的溶剂功率可以通过密度参数，改性剂浓度和温度来逐步设定的事实。 因此，公开了使用具有可变和可控流量限制的流体流动系统从样品中提取组分的方法和装置。 本发明的方法包括将样品插入样品容器部分，输入温度，压力，流速和提取时间设定点的步骤。 流量控制，系统压力由可变流量限制调节。 然后将来自提取的输出流通过喷嘴扩展并进入陷阱。 在某些实施方案中，捕集器填充有化学活性填料。 在其他实施例中，分馏区和其它分析仪器耦合到本发明的装置。 还公开了用于冲洗提取仪器和稀释萃取流体的方法和装置。 用于操作超临界流体提取系统的方法包括压力和热控制系统，其可编程以调节系统以在提取过程期间将该值保持在设计规范内。

公开(公告)号：US5240603A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-31

申请号：US804155

申请日：1991-12-06

申请人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christopher M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Mark A. Nickerson ,  Ernest H. Zerenner

发明人： Lenore R. Frank ,  Christopher M. Wurm ,  Paul C. Dryden ,  Steven J. Engel ,  Mark A. Nickerson ,  Ernest H. Zerenner

IPC分类号： B01D11/00 ,  B01D11/02 ,  G01N30/00 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/28 ,  G01N30/32 ,  G01N31/00

CPC分类号： G01N30/28 ,  B01D11/0203 ,  G01N2030/324 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/32

摘要： Methods and apparatus for extracting sample components from complex matrices using supercritical fluid as the principal extracting solvent are disclosed. The invention takes advantage of the fact that the solvent power of a supercritical fluid is stepwise settable by the parameters of density, modifier concentration, and temperature. Accordingly, methods and apparatus for extracting a component from a sample using fluid flow system having a variable and controllable flow restriction are disclosed. The methods of the present invention comprise the steps of inserting the sample into the sample container section, inputting temperature, pressure, flow rate and extraction time set points. Flow rate is controlled and system pressure regulated by the variable flow restriction. The output stream from the extraction is then expanded through a nozzle and into a trap. In certain embodiments, the trap is filled with chemically active packing material. In other embodiments, a fractionation zone and other analytical instruments are coupled to the apparatus of the present invention. Methods and apparatus for rinsing the extraction instrument and for diluting the extraction fluid are also disclosed. Methods for operating a supercritical fluid extraction systems comprising a pressure and thermal control systems which are programmable to regulate the system to maintain such values within the design specifications during the extraction process are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了使用超临界流体作为主要提取溶剂从复杂基质中提取样品组分的方法和装置。 本发明利用超临界流体的溶剂功率可以通过密度参数，改性剂浓度和温度来逐步设定的事实。 因此，公开了使用具有可变和可控流量限制的流体流动系统从样品中提取组分的方法和装置。 本发明的方法包括将样品插入样品容器部分，输入温度，压力，流速和提取时间设定点的步骤。 流量控制，系统压力由可变流量限制调节。 然后将来自提取的输出流通过喷嘴扩展并进入陷阱。 在某些实施方案中，捕集器填充有化学活性填料。 在其他实施例中，分馏区和其它分析仪器耦合到本发明的装置。 还公开了用于冲洗提取仪器和稀释萃取流体的方法和装置。 还公开了用于操作超临界流体提取系统的方法，其包括压力和热控制系统，其可编程以调节系统以在提取过程期间将该值保持在设计规范内。

公开(公告)号：US4338589A

公开(公告)日：1982-07-06

申请号：US11822

申请日：1979-02-13

申请人： Steven J. Engel ,  Richard E. Marsh ,  Robert P. Rhodes

发明人： Steven J. Engel ,  Richard E. Marsh ,  Robert P. Rhodes

IPC分类号： G01R15/09 ,  G01D3/02 ,  G01R15/00 ,  G01R15/08 ,  G01R35/00 ,  G01R35/02 ,  H03M1/00 ,  H04B1/64 ,  H04B14/04 ,  H03K13/02

CPC分类号： H03M1/10 ,  H03M1/12

摘要： An analog-to-digital converter system is disclosed in which the amplitude of the signal is compressed by means including a logging means prior to an analog-to-digital converter. Reference signals of known values are applied to the logging means and their values at the output of the converter are used to determine a linearity factor which is applied to a multiplier coupled to the output of the converter. The amplitude of one of the reference signals at the output of the multiplier is compared with what it should be and the difference is added by an adder at the output of the multiplier.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种模拟 - 数字转换器系统，其中信号的幅度通过在模数转换器之前的记录装置的装置被压缩。 已知值的参考信号被施加到记录装置，并且其在转换器的输出处的值被用于确定施加到耦合到转换器的输出的乘法器的线性系数。 将乘法器输出端的参考信号中的一个的幅度与其应该进行比较，并且通过加法器在乘法器的输出端加上差值。