公开(公告)号：US4414137A

公开(公告)日：1983-11-08

申请号：US356351

申请日：1982-03-09

申请人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

发明人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

IPC分类号： B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C10G11/04 ,  B01J27/14 ,  B01J27/24

CPC分类号： C10G11/04 ,  B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： Catalytically active amorphous silicas are prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel or precipitate prepared from an acidified aqueous silicate solution containing an amine of pK.sub.a above 10 or a cation containing either a nitrogen or phosphorus atom bonded to four carbon atoms. The resultant amorphous silica is catalytically active for, among other chemical reactions, the isomerization of ortho-xylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

摘要翻译： 催化活性无定形二氧化硅通过将由含有pKa的胺的酸化的含水硅酸盐溶液制备的二氧化硅水凝胶或沉淀物或含有键合到四个碳原子的氮或磷原子的阳离子脱水制备。 所得到的无定形二氧化硅在其他化学反应中具有催化活性，即邻二甲苯的异构化和烃的裂解。

公开(公告)号：US4322560A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-30

申请号：US132149

申请日：1980-03-20

申请人： Ronald J. Vaughan

发明人： Ronald J. Vaughan

IPC分类号： B01J31/10 ,  B01J37/06 ,  C07C4/18 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C07C29/00 ,  C07C29/132 ,  C07C37/08 ,  C07C45/53 ,  C07C29/136

CPC分类号： C07C45/53 ,  B01J31/10 ,  B01J37/06 ,  C07C29/00 ,  C07C37/08 ,  C07C4/18 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  C07C2531/06 ,  C07C2531/10 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： Exothermic hydroperoxide decomposition reactions catalyzed by solid polymeric acid catalysts are controlled by contacting the reactants with a thin film of the acid catalyst supported on the surface of an impermeable heat exchanger element and contacting the opposite side of the heat exchanger element with a heat transfer fluid.

摘要翻译： 由固体聚合酸催化剂催化的放热氢过氧化物分解反应是通过将反应物与负载在不透水热交换器元件表面上的酸催化剂的薄膜接触并将热交换器元件的相对侧与传热流体接触来控制的。

公开(公告)号：US06433236B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-13

申请号：US09531248

申请日：2000-03-21

申请人： David Anthony Schiraldi ,  Alexei Viktorovich Iretski ,  Sheldon Christopher Sherman ,  Laren Malcolm Tolbert ,  Mark Gilmore White

发明人： David Anthony Schiraldi ,  Alexei Viktorovich Iretski ,  Sheldon Christopher Sherman ,  Laren Malcolm Tolbert ,  Mark Gilmore White

IPC分类号： C07C522

CPC分类号： C07C5/2756 ,  C07C2531/025 ,  C07C2531/04 ,  C07C15/12

摘要： A substituted diaryl compound or a mixture of substituted diaryl compounds, such as dimethylbiaryl compounds are isomerized by treatment with a strong acid or mixtures of strong acids in the absence of any additional catalyst. The strong acid or mixture of acids has a Hammett acidity of less than about −12.6. The isomerization reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, amount of acid, and amount of solvent can be adjusted to selectively produce desired isomers in high yields. One or more desired isomers may be produced in high yields by isomerization of substituted diaryl compounds and selectively removing one or more desired isomers from the resulting equilibrium mixture of isomers. The isomer mixture may be re-isomerized subsequent to selective removal of the desired isomer to produce additional amounts of desired isomer. The isomerization may be employed to substantially reduce the amount of at least one isomer substituted in the 2-position or to substantially increase the amount of at least one isomer substituted in at least the 3-position, the 4-position or the 4-position for the production of at least substantially linear or crystalline polymers.

摘要翻译： 取代的二芳基化合物或取代的二芳基化合物如二甲基联芳基化合物的混合物通过在不存在任何另外的催化剂的情况下用强酸或强酸的混合物处理来异构化。 强酸或酸的混合物的哈米特酸度小于约-12.6。 可以调节异构化反应条件如反应温度，酸的量和溶剂的量以选择性地以高收率产生所需的异构体。 可以通过取代的二芳基化合物的异构化以高产率制备一种或多种所需的异构体，并从所得的异构体的平衡混合物中选择性地除去一种或多种所需的异构体。 异构体混合物可以在选择性除去所需的异构体以产生另外量的所需异构体之后重新异构化。 异构化可以用于基本上减少在2-位取代的至少一种异构体的量或基本上增加在至少3-位，4-位或4-位取代的至少一种异构体的量 用于生产至少基本上线性或结晶的聚合物。

公开(公告)号：US4481102A

公开(公告)日：1984-11-06

申请号：US526866

申请日：1983-08-25

申请人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

发明人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

IPC分类号： B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C10G11/05 ,  C10G11/04

CPC分类号： C10G11/05 ,  B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： Catalytically active amorphous silicas are prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel or precipitate prepared from an acidified aqueous silicate solution containing an amine of pK.sub.a above 10 or a cation containing either a nitrogen or phosphorus silica is catalytically active for, among other chemical reactions, the isomerization of ortho-xylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

摘要翻译： 催化活性无定形二氧化硅通过将二氧化硅水凝胶或由含有pKa的胺的酸化的含水硅酸盐溶液制备的沉淀物脱水制备，或者含有氮或磷二氧化硅的阳离子具有催化活性，除其他化学反应之外， 邻二甲苯和烃的裂化。

公开(公告)号：US4317949A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-02

申请号：US660634

申请日：1976-02-23

申请人： Ronald J. Vaughan

发明人： Ronald J. Vaughan

IPC分类号： B01J31/10 ,  C07C2/62 ,  C07C2/66 ,  C07C4/18 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C07C29/32 ,  C07C37/14 ,  C07C51/353 ,  C07C2/70

CPC分类号： C07C51/353 ,  B01J31/10 ,  C07C2/62 ,  C07C2/66 ,  C07C37/14 ,  C07C4/18 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  B01J2231/323 ,  B01J2231/52 ,  C07C2531/06 ,  C07C2531/10 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： This invention relates to conversion processes which take place in the presence of solid acid catalysts, e.g., hydrocarbon conversion processes. More specifically, this invention relates to a process for the alkylation of organic compounds, preferably aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons, with alkylating agents, e.g., alkyl chlorides, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl epoxides, alkynes, etc., in the presence of a polyfluorosulfonic acid catalyst. In one preferred embodiment of the instant process the selectivity to the monoalkylated reaction product of said organic compound and said alkylating agent is maximized by (1) refluxing a mixture comprising said compound and the alkylated derivative thereof, (2) separating from the mixture of step (1) an overhead product comprising said organic compound, said overhead product being substantially free from said alkylated derivatives, (3) condensing said overhead product, (4) contacting said condensed overhead product with said alkylating agent in the presence of a polyfluorosulfonic acid catalyst, at conditions whereby a portion of said organic compound is reacted to form the alkylated derivative thereof, and (5) returning the resultant mixture of the organic compound and its alkylated derivative to the refluxing mixture of step (1). Fresh organic compound may be continuously added to said refluxing mixture while continuously withdrawing said alkylated derivatives. Preferably said organic compound is benzene and said olefin is selected from the group consisting of ethylene and propylene.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在固体酸催化剂存在下进行的转化方法，例如烃转化方法。 更具体地说，本发明涉及在多氟磺酸催化剂存在下用烷基化剂如烷基氯，烷基磺酸盐，烷基环氧化物，炔烃等烷基化有机化合物，优选芳烃和链烷烃的方法 。 在本方法的一个优选实施方案中，所述有机化合物和所述烷化剂的单烷基化反应产物的选择性通过以下方式最大化：（1）回流包含所述化合物和其烷基化衍生物的混合物，（2）从步骤 （1）包含所述有机化合物的塔顶产物，所述塔顶产物基本上不含所述烷基化衍生物，（3）冷凝所述塔顶产物，（4）使所述冷凝塔顶产物与所述烷基化剂在多氟磺酸催化剂存在下接触 在一部分所述有机化合物反应形成其烷基化衍生物的条件下，和（5）将所得有机化合物及其烷基化衍生物的混合物返回到步骤（1）的回流混合物中。 新鲜的有机化合物可以连续地加入到回流混合物中，同时连续地取出所述的烷基化衍生物。 优选地，所述有机化合物是苯，所述烯烃选自乙烯和丙烯。

公开(公告)号：US4548705A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-22

申请号：US645920

申请日：1984-08-29

申请人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

发明人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

IPC分类号： B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C10G11/04 ,  C10G47/10 ,  C10G49/08

CPC分类号： C10G11/04 ,  B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： Catalytically active amorphous silicas are prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel or precipitate prepared from an acidified aqueous silicate solution containing an amine of pK.sub.a above 10 or a cation containing either a nitrogen or phosphorus atom bonded to four carbon atoms. The resultant amorphous silica is catalytically active for, among other chemical reactions, the isomerization of orthoxylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

摘要翻译： 催化活性无定形二氧化硅通过将由含有pKa的胺的酸化的含水硅酸盐溶液制备的二氧化硅水凝胶或沉淀物或含有键合到四个碳原子的氮或磷原子的阳离子脱水制备。 所得到的无定形二氧化硅在其他化学反应中具有催化活性，其中邻二甲苯的异构化和烃的裂解。

公开(公告)号：US4409403A

公开(公告)日：1983-10-11

申请号：US306482

申请日：1981-09-28

申请人： Ronald J. Vaughan

发明人： Ronald J. Vaughan

IPC分类号： B01J31/10 ,  C07C4/18 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C07C29/10 ,  C07C41/03

CPC分类号： C07C41/03 ,  B01J31/10 ,  C07C29/106 ,  C07C4/18 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  B01J2231/48 ,  C07C2531/06 ,  C07C2531/10 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10S203/06

摘要： This invention relates to oxyalkylations which take place in the presence of solid acid catalysts. More particularly this invention relates to increasing the selectivity of such processes employing a solid acid catalyst, preferably a polyfluorosulfonic acid catalyst, in which an hydroxylic compound reactant reacts with an alkylene oxide reactant to produce a desired mono-oxyalkylated product which tends to react with the alkylene oxide to produce an undesired second product. The improvement comprises the steps of (1) vaporizing the hydroxylic compound in a reflux zone, (2) passing vaporized hydroxylic compound through a catalyst zone to a condenser wherein vaporized hydroxylic compound is condensed, (3) returning condensed hydroxylic compound to the catalyst zone and in the catalyst zone contacting condensed hydroxylic compound with vaporized hydroxylic compound and the alkylene oxide in the presence of a solid insoluble acidic catalyst at reaction conditions whereby the desired mono-oxyalkylated derivative is formed, (4) passing reaction products and unreacted condensed hydroxylic compound to the reflux zone, and (5) recovering the mono-oxyalkylated derivative.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在固体酸催化剂存在下发生的烷氧基化。 更具体地说，本发明涉及增加使用固体酸催化剂，优选多氟磺酸催化剂的这种方法的选择性，其中羟基化合物反应物与烯化氧反应物反应产生所需的单烷基化产物，其倾向于与 氧化烯以产生不期望的第二产物。 改进包括以下步骤：（1）在回流区中汽化羟基化合物，（2）将蒸发的羟基化合物通过催化剂区域转移到冷凝器，其中蒸发的羟基化合物被冷凝，（3）将冷凝的羟基化合物返回到催化剂区 并且在反应条件下，在形成所需的单烷氧基化衍生物的反应条件下，在催化剂区域中将稠合的羟基化合物与蒸发的羟基化合物和烯化氧接触，在固体不溶性的酸性催化剂的存在下，（4）使反应产物和未反应的缩合羟基化合物 到回流区，和（5）回收单烷氧基化衍生物。

公开(公告)号：US4303551A

公开(公告)日：1981-12-01

申请号：US155797

申请日：1980-05-30

申请人： Ronald J. Vaughan

发明人： Ronald J. Vaughan

IPC分类号： B01J31/06 ,  B01J31/10 ,  B01J37/02 ,  C07C4/18 ,  C07C5/27

CPC分类号： C07C4/18 ,  B01J31/10 ,  B01J37/024 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  B01J2231/4277 ,  C07C2531/06 ,  C07C2531/10 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： A solid fluorocarbon polymer containing pendant sulfonic acid groups and supported on a solid substrate is prepared using an intermediate which is either thermoplastic or soluble to a measurable extent in a solvent. The intermediate is formed into the desired shape and then the intermediate is converted as desired to the sulfonic acid form for use as a catalyst. A preferred embodiment is a solid polymeric acid catalyst consisting essentially of a thin film, less than 2 mils thick, of a solid perfluorocarbon polymer containing pendant acid groups and supported on the surface of a solid impermeable substrate such as a heat conductive metallic composition.

摘要翻译： 使用在溶剂中可测量程度为热塑性或可溶性的中间体制备含有侧链磺酸基并负载在固体基质上的固体碳氟聚合物。 将中间体形成所需形状，然后根据需要将中间体转化为磺酸形式用作催化剂。 优选的实施方案是固体聚合酸催化剂，其基本上由小于2密耳厚的固体全氟化碳聚合物的薄膜组成，所述固体全氟化碳聚合物含有侧基酸基团并负载在诸如导热金属组合物的固体不可渗透基材的表面上。

公开(公告)号：US4288646A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-08

申请号：US82164

申请日：1979-10-05

申请人： George A. Olah

发明人： George A. Olah

IPC分类号： C07C2/70 ,  C07C2/86 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C07C6/12 ,  C07C2/66

CPC分类号： C07C5/2756 ,  C07C2/70 ,  C07C2/861 ,  C07C2/862 ,  C07C2/864 ,  C07C5/2743 ,  C07C6/126 ,  C07C2531/025 ,  C07C2531/10

摘要： A process for the production of .beta.-isopropylnaphthalene in high regioselectivity (90-98%) by alkylation of naphthalene over solid or supported superacid catalysts, such as a perfluorinated alkanesulfonic acid of four to eighteen carbon atoms (C.sub.4 F.sub.9 SO.sub.3 H to C.sub.18 F.sub.37 SO.sub.3 H) or a polymeric perfluorinated resin-sulfonic acid, such as the acid form of the commercially available Nafion-K ion-membrane resin (DuPont). Further isomerization of mixtures of isomeric isopropylnaphthalenes to preferentially pure .beta.-isopropylnaphthalene can also be effected.

摘要翻译： 通过在固体或负载的超强酸催化剂如四至十八个碳原子的全氟化烷烃磺酸（C 4 F 9 SO 3 H至C 18 F 37 SO 3 H）上烷基化萘或聚合全氟化的方法，在高区域选择性（90-98％）中生产β-异丙基萘的方法 树脂 - 磺酸，例如市售的Nafion-K离子膜树脂（DuPont）的酸形式。 异构异丙基萘与优选纯的β-异丙基萘的混合物的进一步异构化也可以实现。

公开(公告)号：US4618738A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-21

申请号：US760077

申请日：1985-07-29

申请人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

发明人： Dean A. Young ,  Jeffery W. Koepke

IPC分类号： B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/27 ,  C10G11/04 ,  C07C5/22

CPC分类号： C10G11/04 ,  B01J21/08 ,  C07C5/2756 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： Catalytically active amorphous silicas are prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel or precipitate prepared from an acidified aqueous silicate solution containing an amine of pK.sub.a above 10 or a cation containing either a nitrogen or phosphorus atom bonded to four carbon atoms. The resultant amorphous silica is catalytically active for, among other chemical reactions, the isomerization of orthoxylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

摘要翻译： 催化活性无定形二氧化硅通过将由含有pKa的胺的酸化的含水硅酸盐溶液制备的二氧化硅水凝胶或沉淀物或含有键合到四个碳原子的氮或磷原子的阳离子脱水制备。 所得到的无定形二氧化硅在其他化学反应中具有催化活性，其中邻二甲苯的异构化和烃的裂解。