摘要:
Exothermic hydroperoxide decomposition reactions catalyzed by solid polymeric acid catalysts are controlled by contacting the reactants with a thin film of the acid catalyst supported on the surface of an impermeable heat exchanger element and contacting the opposite side of the heat exchanger element with a heat transfer fluid.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process for the nitration of organic compounds, especially aromatic compounds, which comprises contacting said compound with a nitrating agent at conditions whereby a nitrated product is formed. The nitration agent and the compound are substantially separated by means of a polymeric membrane, said polymeric membrane preferably comprising sulfonic acid groups, pendant to the polymeric backbone. In a most preferred embodiment, the membrane is a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer. The use of this most preferred polymeric material as a membrane in the instant process allows the nitration of aromatic organic compounds to take place without the incorporation of strong sulfuric acid in the nitrating agent.
摘要:
The electrochemical gasification reaction of carbonaceous materials by anodic oxidation in an aqueous acidic electrolyte to produce oxides of carbon at the anode and metallic elements at the cathode of an electrolysis cell is catalyzed by the use of an iron catalyst.
摘要:
This invention relates to conversion processes which take place in the presence of solid acid catalysts, e.g., hydrocarbon conversion processes. More specifically, this invention relates to a liquid phase process for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons, with olefin, e.g., ethylene, propylene, etc., in the presence of a polyfluorosulfonic acid catalyst.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a lubricating oil additive which comprises contacting under reaction conditions an amino acid and a basically reacting metal compound. The reaction conditions include the presence of a suspending agent for the basically reacting metal compound and the presence of a hydroxylic promoter. Low-ash, high-alkalinity-value lubricating oil additives are obtainable from the process.
摘要:
Hydroxyl compounds are oxyalkylated by contacting them with an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, in the presence of a perfluorocarbon polymer containing pendant sulfonic acid groups.
摘要:
This invention relates to conversion processes which take place in the presence of solid acid catalysts, e.g., hydrocarbon conversion processes. More specifically, this invention relates to a process for the alkylation of organic compounds, preferably aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons, with alkylating agents, e.g., alkyl chlorides, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl epoxides, alkynes, etc., in the presence of a polyfluorosulfonic acid catalyst. In one preferred embodiment of the instant process the selectivity to the monoalkylated reaction product of said organic compound and said alkylating agent is maximized by (1) refluxing a mixture comprising said compound and the alkylated derivative thereof, (2) separating from the mixture of step (1) an overhead product comprising said organic compound, said overhead product being substantially free from said alkylated derivatives, (3) condensing said overhead product, (4) contacting said condensed overhead product with said alkylating agent in the presence of a polyfluorosulfonic acid catalyst, at conditions whereby a portion of said organic compound is reacted to form the alkylated derivative thereof, and (5) returning the resultant mixture of the organic compound and its alkylated derivative to the refluxing mixture of step (1). Fresh organic compound may be continuously added to said refluxing mixture while continuously withdrawing said alkylated derivatives. Preferably said organic compound is benzene and said olefin is selected from the group consisting of ethylene and propylene.
摘要:
A process for the sulfonation of organic compounds comprises contacting an organic compound with a sulfonating agent while the organic compound and the sulfonating agent are substantially separated by a polymeric membrane containing pendant acidic groups.
摘要:
A low-ash, high-alkalinity-value lubricating oil additive is prepared by chemically combining a nitrogen-containing compound, a basically reacting metallic compound, a suspending agent therefor, and a chalcogen compound.