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公开(公告)号：US20200147413A1
公开(公告)日：2020-05-14
申请号：US16633290
申请日：2018-07-30
摘要： A method for measuring radiotherapy doses on a subject undergoing radiotherapy or other treatments with ionizing radiations includes: electrically insulating the subject during the radiotherapy treatment; applying at least one electrode to the subject, or connected to an amplifier with a system for acquiring the signal outgoing from the amplifier; detecting, by means of the at least one electrode, the voltage pulse produced during the radiotherapy treatment and deriving from the ionization secondary electrons set into motion and/or by the loaded net charge induced in the subject; converting said voltage pulse into a value of charge induced by the treatment in the subject; and determining the dose of ionizing radiations received by the subject by a processing system which uses the above value of the induced charge, the energy spectrum of the incident beam and the contact surface of the incident beam on the subject.
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公开(公告)号：US5739541A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-14
申请号：US637739
申请日：1996-07-01
申请人： Jukka Kahilainen
发明人： Jukka Kahilainen
IPC分类号： G01T1/02 , A61B6/00 , G01T20060101 , G01T1/24 , H01L27/14 , H01L31/09 , H01L31/10 , H01L31/119 , G01T1/14
CPC分类号： H01L31/119 , G01T1/026 , G01T1/26
摘要： A method for detecting ionizing radiation by allowing the radiation to affect the surface of the floating gate of a MOSFET transistor through an air or gas space. For this purpose, an uncovered area is formed on the surface of the floating gate of the MOSFET transistor forming the detector. The MOSFET transistor is used so that a charge is formed on its floating gate, the charge changing as a result of the ionizing radiation the transistor is exposed to. The radiation dose is determined by the change which takes place in the charge on the gate.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FI94 / 00487 Sec。 371日期：1996年7月1日 102（e）日期1996年7月1日PCT 1994年10月28日PCT PCT。 出版物WO95 / 12134 日期1995年5月4日一种通过允许辐射通过空气或气体空间影响MOSFET晶体管的浮置栅极的表面来检测电离辐射的方法。 为此，在形成检测器的MOSFET晶体管的浮置栅极的表面上形成未覆盖的区域。 使用MOSFET晶体管，使得其浮置栅极上形成电荷，电荷由于晶体管暴露于电离辐射而变化。 辐射剂量由在门上的电荷中发生的变化来确定。
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公开(公告)号：US5550381A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US333020
申请日：1994-11-01
CPC分类号： G01T1/18 , G01T1/14 , G01T1/185 , Y10S250/02
摘要： An electrostatic detector for atmospheric radon or other weak sources of alpha radiation. In one embodiment, nested enclosures are insulated from one another, open at the top, and have a high voltage pin inside and insulated from the inside enclosure. An electric field is produced between the pin and the inside enclosure. Air ions produced by collision with alpha particles inside the decay volume defined by the inside enclosure are attracted to the pin and the inner enclosure. With low alpha concentrations, individual alpha events can be measured to indicate the presence of radon or other alpha radiation. In another embodiment, an electrical field is produced between parallel plates which are insulated from a single decay cavity enclosure.
摘要翻译： 用于大气氡气或其他弱辐射源的静电探测器。 在一个实施例中，嵌套的外壳彼此绝缘，在顶部开口，并且在内部具有高电压引脚并与内部外壳绝缘。 在引脚和内部外壳之间产生电场。 由内部壳体限定的衰减体积内的α粒子碰撞产生的空气离子被吸引到销和内部外壳。 对于低α浓度，可以测量单个α事件以指示氡或其他α辐射的存在。 在另一个实施例中，在与单个衰减腔体外壳绝缘的平行板之间产生电场。
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公开(公告)号：US5128540A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-07
申请号：US694295
申请日：1991-05-01
申请人： Lorin R. Stieff
发明人： Lorin R. Stieff
IPC分类号： G01T1/14
CPC分类号： G01T1/14 , Y10S250/02
摘要： A gamma radiation compensated radon measurement system includes a housing and cooperating tube assembly that define a first, larger sensing volume and second, smaller sensing volume, each of which includes an electrically charged electret. When in its operative configuration, the first and second volumes are in communication with one another so that both volumes are exposed to the same radon concentration as well as the same gamma radiation. A partition separates the two sensing volumes so that ions formed in one sensing volume do not enter the other sensing volume. The two electrets are exposed to their respective sensing volumes to accumulate ions at different rates determined by the design characteristics of the two sensing volumes. The response characteristic of each electret/sensing volume combination is mathematically modelled and the radon and/or gamma concentration is be determined by simultaneously solving the characteristic equations for each electret/sensing volume combination.
摘要翻译： 伽马辐射补偿的氡测量系统包括壳体和配合管组件，其限定第一较大的感测体积和第二较小的感测体积，每个体积包括带电荷的驻极体。 当处于其操作配置时，第一和第二体积彼此连通，使得两个体积暴露于相同的氡浓度以及相同的γ辐射。 分隔开两个感测体积，使得在一个感测体积中形成的离子不会进入另一感测体积。 两个驻极体暴露于它们各自的感测体积以以由两个感测体积的设计特性确定的不同速率累积离子。 每个驻极体/感测体积组合的响应特性在数学上被建模，并且通过同时求解每个驻极体/感测体积组合的特征方程来确定氡和/或γ浓度。
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公开(公告)号：US5107108A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-21
申请号：US541792
申请日：1990-06-21
申请人： Paul R. Ramsey , Lorin R. Stieff
发明人： Paul R. Ramsey , Lorin R. Stieff
CPC分类号： G01T1/178 , G01T1/14 , Y10S250/02
摘要： A programmable controlled-exposure radon measurement system includes a radon detector of the type that is programmably inhibited or enabled at selected times to effect randon measurement. In the preferred embodiment, a radon detector of the type having an electret within a chamber is located at the test site and the container opened and closed to the ambient atmosphere at selected times to limit exposure to certain intervals during the day for a selected number of successive days. The container is opening by an actuator, such as an electro-actuator or a fluidic actuator, under the control of a programmable controller, such as a 7-day timer or a stored program controlled microprocessor. A fail-safe function is provided by which the radon detector is inhibited in the event of a power failure to preserve test data up to the time of the power failure.
摘要翻译： 可编程控制曝光氡测量系统包括在选定时间可编程地禁止或启用的氡探测器，以实现兰顿测量。 在优选实施例中，在室内具有驻极体的类型的氡检测器位于测试位置处，并且容器在选择的时间打开和关闭到环境大气，以将白天中的某些间隔的暴露限制在选定数量的 连续几天 在诸如7天定时器或存储的程序控制的微处理器之类的可编程控制器的控制下，容器由诸如电致动器或流体致动器的致动器打开。 提供故障保护功能，通过该功能，在发生电源故障的情况下氡检测器被禁止，以保持直到电源故障时的测试数据。
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公开(公告)号：US4926053A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-15
申请号：US289438
申请日：1988-12-23
申请人： John C. Dempsey , Lorin R. Stieff
发明人： John C. Dempsey , Lorin R. Stieff
IPC分类号： G01T1/14
CPC分类号： G01T1/14 , Y10S250/02
摘要： A sensitive radon monitor has a container with a flat bottom and an upwardly and outwardly extending truncated conical side wall terminating upwardly in a relatively large upper edge. A cover overlies the upper edge. The cover has a disk-shaped plate with holes in a circular arrangement. A filter is placed atop the disk and a retainer ring overlies a peripheral portion of the filter and the disk. A negatively charged electret is held against an underside of a central position on the disk, and a detector is held upward against the electret. A second positively charged electret lines the inside of the cup-shaped base. Ambient gases flow into and out of the container through the filter and through the holes in the cover disk. The filter removes liquid and solid particles flowing through the opening establish an equilibrium. Radon decays within the chamber and positively charged products of the decay are attracted and repelled toward the first electret and toward the detector. The positively charged particles are held on the detector while they decay. Later, the detector is removed and is studied for evidence of decay of charged particles repelled toward, attracted to and held on the detector by the electret combination. The container is portable and can be used as a badge for miners or as a radon detecting device in buildings.
摘要翻译： 灵敏的氡气监测器具有一个容器，它具有一个平坦的底部，一个向上和向外延伸的截锥形侧壁在一个相对较大的上边缘处向上终止。 盖子覆盖上边缘。 该盖具有圆形盘形板，该盘具有圆形排列的孔。 过滤器放置在盘的顶部，并且保持环覆盖在过滤器的周边部分和盘上。 负电荷的驻极体抵靠在盘上的中心位置的下侧，并且检测器向上保持抵靠驻极体。 第二个带正电荷的驻极体将杯形基底的内部排列。 环境气体通过过滤器和盖盘中的孔流入和流出容器。 过滤器去除流过开口的液体和固体颗粒建立平衡。 氡在室内衰变，并且衰变的带正电荷的产物被吸引并排斥到第一驻极体并朝向检测器。 带正电的颗粒在它们衰变时保持在检测器上。 之后，检测器被去除并被研究以证明随着驻极体组合而被排斥到被吸引和保持在检测器上的带电粒子的衰变。 容器是便携式的，并且可以用作矿工的徽章或作为建筑物中的氡检测装置。
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公开(公告)号：US3906230A
公开(公告)日：1975-09-16
申请号：US45744374
申请日：1974-04-03
申请人： HAGEN RICHARD D
发明人： HAGEN RICHARD D
CPC分类号： G01T1/14
摘要： A device for detecting the emission of charged particles from a specimen. The specimen is placed within an accumulator means which statically accumulates any charged particles emitted from the specimen. The accumulator means is pivotally positioned between a first capacitor plate having a positive electrical charge and a second capacitor plate having a negative electrical charge. The accumulator means is attracted to one capacitor plate and repelled from the other capacitor plate by an amount proportional to the amount and intensity of charged particles emitted by the specimen.
摘要翻译： 一种用于检测来自样本的带电粒子的发射的装置。 将样品放置在蓄积器装置中，该装置静态地积聚从样品发射的任何带电粒子。 蓄电装置枢转地定位在具有正电荷的第一电容器板和具有负电荷的第二电容器板之间。 蓄电池装置被吸引到一个电容器板，并从另一个电容器板排斥与试样发射的带电粒子的量和强度成比例的量。
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公开(公告)号：US3523188A
公开(公告)日：1970-08-04
申请号：US3523188D
申请日：1965-12-20
申请人： XEROX CORP
发明人： KAZAN BENJAMIN , WINSLOW JOHN S
IPC分类号： G01T1/14 , H01L29/00 , H01L31/112 , H01L15/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/112 , G01T1/14 , H01L29/00
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公开(公告)号：US3222523A
公开(公告)日：1965-12-07
申请号：US19183662
申请日：1962-05-02
申请人： LANDIS & GYR AG
发明人： EMIL KOWALSKI
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公开(公告)号：US08835863B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-16
申请号：US14024203
申请日：2013-09-11
CPC分类号： G01T1/02 , G01T1/14 , G01T1/2935
摘要： The radiation detector includes: a housing defining an enclosed space filled with a radiation detection gas; first and second electrodes opposing each other across the enclosed space; insulating materials covering surfaces of the first and second electrodes facing the enclosed space; and a voltage source for applying a voltage to the first and second electrodes, whereby a radiation sensor is formed. The radiation sensor is configured so that: in a radiation detection period, a predetermined voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes, and an electric charge is accumulated on the insulating materials by ions and/or electrons generated by ionization of the gas by incident radiation; and in a radiation measurement time, an electric discharge is caused by applying a reverse bias voltage from that applied to the first and second electrodes in the radiation detection period, and a firing voltage is measured.
摘要翻译： 辐射检测器包括：壳体，其限定填充有辐射检测气体的封闭空间; 第一和第二电极在封闭空间上彼此相对; 绝缘材料覆盖面向封闭空间的第一和第二电极的表面; 以及用于向第一和第二电极施加电压的电压源，由此形成辐射传感器。 辐射传感器被配置为使得：在辐射检测周期中，在第一和第二电极之间施加预定电压，并且通过事件通过气体的电离产生的离子和/或电子在电绝缘材料上累积电荷 辐射; 并且在辐射测量时间中，通过在辐射检测周期中施加施加到第一和第二电极的反向偏置电压来引起放电，并且测量点火电压。
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