摘要:
A method for cleaning a ceramic membrane used in an oil recovery process. The cleaning method includes online and offline modes. In the online mode, the method includes periodically backflushing the ceramic membrane with an aqueous media. In the offline mode, the method includes backpulsing or statically cleaning the ceramic membrane by utilizing an aqueous alkaline media, an aqueous acidic media, and a liquid hydrocarbon solution.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a method for treating an alkaline brine. The method comprises adding a source of magnesium ions to the alkaline brine. A resultant magnesium-containing precipitate is separated to produce a spent brine. If the spent brine contains a sufficient amount of carbonate or bicarbonate ions, the spent brine is processed to recover a carbonate product.
摘要:
Provided is a water treatment system capable of increasing the removal ratio of scale component ions. The water treatment system includes a desalination unit (10) including a pair of facing electrodes (11, 13) being charged to mutually reverse polarities, an interelectrode flow path (15) being located between the electrodes (11, 13) and allowing water containing ions to circulate through, and ion-exchange membranes (12, 14) being disposed on the interelectrode flow path (15) sides of the respective electrodes (11, 13) and permeating the ions toward the electrodes (11, 13) and carrying out a desalination treatment of desalinating the water by adsorbing the ions to the electrodes (11, 13) and a recycling treatment of desorbing the ions from the electrodes (11, 13), in which one of the ion-exchange membranes (14) selectively permeates divalent cations contained in water containing the ions toward the electrode (13).
摘要:
A method is disclosed for improving the percent recovery and water quality in water with high levels of hardness. Embodiments of the method include receiving a produced water composition, partially softening the water composition, and directing the partially softened water composition through at least one reverse osmosis unit. The method may be used to purify and clarify produced water from oil and gas operations for use in boilers or once-through steam generators.
摘要:
The invention aims at enabling, in a catalytic decarbonation apparatus, inert particles coated with calcium carbonate to be constantly and systematically extracted from the reactor, with no risk of clogging the discharge pipes. Therefor, said pipes (7′a, 7′b) have an inside diameter ranging between 40 and 60 mm and they have a downward incline up to their connection to an outside discharge conduit (8′), except, possibly, a horizontal portion starting from the orifice through which they emerge into the reactor (1′).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and system for treating an aqueous liquid containing dissolved minerals and dissolved hydrocarbons. Method steps and apparatus for treating a waste water feed stream are disclosed which utilize a warm lime softening system in fluid communication with the waste water feed stream, wherein sludge from the warm lime softening system is recycled to improve lime utilization and enhance silica and boron removal without the addition of an external source of magnesium. In addition, a microfiltration system and/or an air stripper system may be used in fluid communication with at least one reverse osmosis system to produce a treatment water that meets state and federal guidelines for surface discharge.
摘要:
A system for the preparation of a lime slurry and metering of the slurry, which prevents scaling and plugging of equipment and piping. The elimination of scaling and ease of metering are achieved by a combination of process steps in an automated operating sequence. The system is particularly adaptable to the addition of lime to municipal water systems for reduction of the acidity of the water.