摘要:
Iodogallium phthalocyanine and bromogallium phthalocyanine having novel crystalline forms characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns according to CuK&agr; characteristic X-ray diffraction method and exhibiting excellent zirconium phthalocyanine can be obtained through appropriate selection of a reaction solvent, followed by milling or stirring in an appropriate solvent. For example, &agr;-chloronaphthalene is a suitable solvent for reaction between phthalonitrile and gallium triiodide or tribromide to provide iodogallium phthalocyanine or bromogallium phthalocyanine. Reaction of chlorogallium phthalocyanine or hydroxygallium phthalocyanine with hydroiodic (or hydrobromic) acid is also effective for providing a novel crystal form of iodo- (or bromo-)gallium phthalocyanine. Zirconium phthalocyanine exhibiting good electrophotographic performances can be obtained through a similar process.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed of a support, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the support. The photosensitive layer is characterized by containing an azo pigment having an organic group represented by formula (1) below: wherein A denotes a residue group of formula (1A) below: ##STR1## and k.sub.1, k.sub.2, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, D; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined in the text. The group of the formula (1) may provide at least one of up to 4 azo-substituents of the azo pigment having an entire structure represented by ##STR2## wherein Ar denotes an aromatic or heterocyclic core unit, Cp denotes a coupler residue group, and --(N.dbd.N--Cp) denotes such an azo-substituent. The photosensitive member can exhibit good electrophotographic performances including high and stable sensitivity on repetitive use.
摘要翻译:电子照相感光构件由支撑体和设置在支撑体上的感光层形成。 感光层的特征在于含有具有由下式(1)表示的有机基团的偶氮颜料:其中A表示下式(1A)的残基:和k1,k2,Z1,Z2,D; R1和R2在文中定义。 式(1)的基团可以提供具有由Ar表示芳族或杂环核心单元表示的整个结构的至多4个偶氮颜料的偶氮取代基中的至少一个,Cp表示成色剂残基,和 - ( N = N-Cp)表示这种偶氮取代基。 感光构件可以表现出良好的电子照相性能,包括对重复使用的高且稳定的灵敏度。
摘要:
Disclosed is a silyl thioalkene compound, as a class of organosilicon compounds, represented by the general formulaR(--CSAr.dbd.CHSiX.sub.3).sub.n,in which the subscript n is 1 or 2, R is, when n is 1, a hydrogen atom or unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group or, when n is 2, a divalent hydrocarbon group, Ar is an unsubstituted or nucleus-substituted aromatic monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group and X is a halogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group or hydrocarbyloxy group, having usefulness as an intermediate in the synthesis of various precision organic chemicals. The compound, of which X is a halogen atom X.sup.1, can be prepared, for example, by the reaction of an alkyne compound of the general formulaR(--C.tbd.CH).sub.n,with a silyl sulfide compound of the general formulaArS--SiX.sup.1.sub.3,in the presence of a platinum complex catalyst. The compound, of which X is a monovalent hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbyloxy group, can be derived from the above obtained halogen-containing compound.
摘要:
A substrate treating apparatus adapted for treating a substrate with treating fluid therein, the substrate treating apparatus includes a processing bath; a baffle plate with a plurality of holes disposed therein for dividing the processing bath into an upper region and a lower region, the holes allowing communication of the treating liquid between the upper region and the lower region. The baffle plate is composed of a material exhibiting a property that the contact angle of a bubble generated in the treating liquid with respect to the baffle plate is smaller than a predetermined value.
摘要:
Pattern recognition method and apparatus are provided which can recognize not only standard typewritten characters but also handwritten characters and various styles of fonts without the necessity of learning, formation of rules, and complicated algorithm for extracting characteristics of patterns which have been required to conventional pattern recognition apparatus. A signal representing a pattern to be recognized is inputted and converted into binary signals corresponding to the pattern. The binary signals are compared with predetermined reference patterns having indefinite boundaries. The reference patterns each are formed based on one or more multi-dimensional membership functions. A certainty factor of the pattern recognition is calculated from the comparison as the pattern recognition result.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, the photosensitive layer containing a resin having the acetal moiety represented by the formula [I] below: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a trifluoromethyl group, respectively, provided that all of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms.
摘要:
There is disclosed a method for effectively producing a silicon-containing pentacyclic compound, wherein the method comprises reacting (a) a 1,2-bis(hydrosilyl)benzene with (b) a cyclic diyne in the presence of (c) a platinum compound. There is also disclosed a method for effectively producing a silicon-containing ladder polymer having a complete ladder structure, wherein the method comprises reacting (a) a 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(hydrosilyl)benzene with (b) a cyclic diyne in the presence of (c) a platinum compound.
摘要:
In a digital signal reproducing apparatus various adjustment jobs and measurement jobs can be automatically executed by a simple operation by providing a clock generator, an external waveform equalizer, an error detector, an edge detection circuit, and a DC following circuit in addition to a waveform equalizer by which a reproduced analog signal waveform is processed and then converted to a digital signal. The digital signal is equalized by a digital filter and sampled and the digital signal and extracted clocks are supplied. The reproducing level and the equalizer coefficients can be automatically adjusted and an error rate can be automatically measured. A pulse width modulation or bias recording can be automatically determined and a recording current can be automatically adjusted by the system and the inclination of magnetic heads and the distance between the heads can also be automatically measured.
摘要:
A unique data processing method and a fuzzy smoothing filter are disclosed which employ a three-dimensional elliptic membership function based on the fuzzy logic to remove noises from data including a sequence of measured points for evaluating the linearity of the measured points. The evaluation is carried out by superimposing the center of an ellipse represented by an elliptic membership function on a substantial central portion of inputted data, evaluating a factor representing the linearity of the inputted data by summing the degrees of membership derived at respective inputted data, calculating the ratio of the factor to a factor representing an ideal linearity of the inputted data, rotating the ellipse by a predetermined angular distance to derive the ratio at that position, repeating the rotating step until the peak is found, and determining the ratio when the peak is found as the linearity of the inputted data. The fuzzy smoothing filter is comprised of a data input for inputting data to be smoothed, a multi-dimensional membership function generator for calculating a degree of membership for the inputted data, a calculator for deriving an angle of the data and calculating the linearity of the data, smoothing processors coupled to receive the angle and the linearity of the data from the calculator for executing a smoothing operation in a plurality of modes, a selector for selecting one mode from among the plurality of smoothing modes, and a store for holding smoothing filter parameters supplied to the calculator and the selector.
摘要:
Herein disclosed is a method for preparing a nuclear-substituted salicylic acid or a metal salt thereof represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## [wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents a t-butyl group, a t-amyl group, a t-octyl group, an isononyl group or an isododecyl group, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents an isononyl group or an isododecyl group; M represents a hydrogen atom or a metal atom; and n is the atomic valency of the metal atom M] which comprises the step of subjecting, to a Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, an alkali metal salt of a nuclear-substituted phenol represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR2## [wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same as those defined above] in which 100 to 50% of the alkali metal salt is potassium salt and 0 to 50% thereof is sodium salt, in a substantially water-insoluble solvent as a reaction medium. The method makes it possible to improve the yield of the specific nuclear-substituted salicylic acid and metal salts thereof and to provide such products having high purity without any post-treatment. The compounds can be used in color developers for pressure-sensitive recording sheets without any additional purification treatment.