Abstract:
A multi-layered printed circuit board (PCB) for connection with an external connector. The external connector has a signal pin and an outer conductor. The printed circuit board includes a first conductive reference plane, a signal trace, a second conductive reference plane, a characteristic impedance member, and a third conductive reference plane. The characteristic impedance member is provided for connecting the signal trace and the signal pin. The third conductive reference plane is provided for electrical connection with the outer conductor. There are vertical separations inserted between the first conductive reference plane, the second conductive reference plane, and the third conductive reference plane within the printed circuit.
Abstract:
A method for forming a copper damascene feature including providing a semiconductor process wafer including at least one via opening formed to extend through a thickness of at least one dielectric insulating layer and an overlying trench line opening encompassing the at least one via opening to form a dual damascene opening; etching through an etch stop layer at the at least one via opening bottom portion to expose an underlying copper area; carrying out a sub-atmospheric DEGAS process with simultaneous heating of the process wafer in a hydrogen containing ambient; carrying out an in-situ sputter-clean process; and, forming a barrier layer in-situ to line the dual damascene opening.
Abstract:
An ESD protection circuit design incorporating a single, or a plurality of, parallel inductor and capacitor, also known as LC tank(s), to avoid power loss by parasitic capacitance in ESD circuits. The first design described incorporates a LC tank structure. The second includes two LC tank structures. These structures can be expanded to form ESD protection circuit structures stacked with n-stages LC tanks. The last design described is ESD protection circuits formed by stacking the first design. These designs can avoid power gain loss from parasitic capacitance of ESD, because the parameters of LC tank can be designed to resonant at a desired operating frequency. Each of these designs can be altered slightly to create variant designs with equal identical ESD protection capabilities.
Abstract:
A method of motion estimation for video encoding constructs a binary pyramid structure having three binary layers. A state update module registers and updates repeat occurrence of final motion vectors and a static-state checking module determines if the method is in a static mode or a normal mode based on the repeat occurrence. In a normal mode, the first binary layer is searched within a ±3 pixel refinement window to determine a first level motion vector. In the second binary layer, a search range is computed based on six motion vector candidates. By checking every point within in the search range, a second binary layer search generates a second level motion vector. Finally, a third binary layer search within a ±2 pixel refinement window generates a final motion vector according to the second level motion vector. In a static mode, a fine tuning module performs search within a ±1 pixel refinement window and generates a final motion vector.
Abstract:
A stator adapted for driving rotation of a rotor includes a stator body having a surrounding wall surface that surrounds a stator axis. A plurality of magnetic pole protrusions protrude radially from the surrounding wall surface relative to the stator axis, and a plurality of stator coils are respectively wound around the magnetic pole protrusions. A signal transmission unit is electrically coupled to the stator coils. Each of the magnetic pole protrusions has an outer periphery, and a recess formed inwardly from the outer periphery. Each of the stator coils has an inner conducting end that is accessible from the corresponding recess, thereby facilitating coupling of the inner conducting end to the signal transmission unit, and an outer conducting end electrically coupled to the signal transmission unit.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a data buffering method, and more particularly, relates to a data buffering method in a disc data reading system. According to the request of instructions, the disc data reading system reads disc data into a data buffer apparatus for later accessing and processing. In the data buffering method, according to a transmitted request of a first instruction, the data is read from the disc data reading system and is then buffered into the first area selected by the data buffer apparatus. According to a transmitted request of a second instruction, the data is read from the disc and is then buffered into the second area selected by the data buffer apparatus. The first area and the second area are located in different and non-overlapped areas inside the data buffer apparatus, so that the data in the first area will not be over-written during the process of data buffering in the second area. Those data in the data buffer apparatus could be read out directly for later issued instructions.
Abstract:
An impulse driving method and apparatus for liquid crystal device are provided. A data driver of the LCD outputs pixel data signals for driving pixels of the LCD at a first level of the load signal. Next, the data driver outputs black data signals for driving pixels of the LCD at a second level of the load signal. Thus, the image dragging problem is resolved by using the impulse driving method and apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the need of double frequency for the load signal is prevented.
Abstract:
An ESD protection circuit design incorporating a single, or a plurality of, parallel inductor and capacitor, also known as LC tank(s), to avoid power loss by parasitic capacitance in ESD circuits. The first design described incorporates a LC tank structure. The second includes two LC tank structures. These structures can be expanded to form ESD protection circuit structures stacked with n-stages LC tanks. The last design described is ESD protection circuits formed by stacking the first design. These designs can avoid power gain loss from parasitic capacitance of ESD, because the parameters of LC tank can be designed to resonant at a desired operating frequency. Each of these designs can be altered slightly to create variant designs with equal identical ESD protection capabilities.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a tyrosinase inhibitor extract from lemon peels. The tyrosinase inhibitor extract contains a tyrosinase inhibitor content and provides advantageous skin whitening effects.