摘要:
An interconnect system has an optical transmitter mounted on a first circuit board and an optical receiver mounted on a second circuit board. The optical receiver can be nominally aligned to receive an optical signal through free space from the optical transmitter. Further, the optical receiver includes one or more light detectors, and an optical antenna coupled to direct incident light into the one or more light detectors.
摘要:
A metamaterial inclusion structure (MIS), a metamaterial and a method of producing an optical magnetic response employ interspersed plasmonic and dielectric materials. The MIS includes first petals of a plasmonic material and second petals of a dielectric material that alternate at a surface and along a periphery of the MIS. The MIS exhibits the magnetic resonance when illuminated by an optical signal at an optical wavelength. The optical signal has a magnetic field component that is parallel with an interface between the first petals and the second petals. The metamaterial includes a plurality of the MIS arranged in an array and provides an optical magnetic susceptibility at the optical wavelength. The method forms the MIS with the alternating petals and includes illuminating the MIS with the optical signal.
摘要:
An electromagnetic wave receiving antenna includes a spiral element configured to selectively attenuate electromagnetic waves having a predetermined wavelength, selected wavelengths, or range of wavelengths, and to concentrate electromagnetic waves having a predetermined wavelength, selected wavelengths, or range of wavelengths other than the attenuated wavelengths.
摘要:
A voltage equalizer is applied to balance voltages among multiple battery units that are connected in series as a battery assembly. The voltage equalizer has a transformer, a switch and a controller. The transformer has a primary winding connected to the battery assembly and the controller through the switch, and further has multiple secondary windings connected to the battery units respectively. When the switch is alternately turned on and off, the transformer draws energy from the battery units with the higher voltage and couples the energy to the secondary windings to charge the battery unit with the lower voltage for balancing the voltages of the battery units.
摘要:
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to external, electronically controllable modulators. In one embodiment, a modulating device (100,400) includes a first electrode (104,404), a second electrode (106,406), and an active region (102,402). The active region is configured so that at least a portion of the active region is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. Applying a voltage of an appropriate magnitude and polarity to the electrodes changes the conductivity of the active region which in turn shifts the phase and/or amplitude of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through the active region.
摘要:
One embodiment in accordance with the invention is an apparatus that can include a light emitting diode that is for of outputting light in the blue wavelength. Furthermore, the apparatus can also include a nanowire or nanoparticle coupled to a surface of the light emitting diode. Additionally, the apparatus can include an electrode coupled to the light emitting diode, wherein the nanowire or nanoparticle is for receiving and converting the light into red and green light that is output from the nanowire or nanoparticle.
摘要:
Resistive switches and related methods are provided. Such a resistive switch includes an active material in contact with opposite end electrodes. The active material defines electron traps that capture or release charges in accordance with applied switching voltages. Resistive switches are characterized by ON state and OFF state resistance curves. Resistance ratios of ten times or more are exhibited. The state of a resistive switch is determined using sensing voltages lesser then the switching threshold.
摘要:
An electrically driven device (10) for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy includes a first electrode (16), a substrate (12) positioned proximate to the first electrode (16), a plurality of cone shaped protrusions (12′) formed integrally with or on a substrate surface (S), a Raman signal-enhancing material (14) coated on each protrusion (12′), and a second electrode (18) positioned relative to the first electrode (16) at a predetermined distance, D. Each of the protrusions (12′) has a tip (22) with a radius of curvature, r, ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm. The second electrode (18) is positioned relative to the first electrode (16) such that the electrodes (16, 18) together produce an electric field (EF) when a voltage bias is applied therebetween. The electric field (EF) has a field distribution that creates a stronger field gradient at a region proximate to the tips (22) than at other portions of the substrate (12).
摘要:
Various embodiments of the present invention are related to microresonator systems that can be used as a laser, a modulator, and a photodetector and to methods for fabricating the microresonator systems. In one embodiment, a microdisk comprises: a top layer; a bottom layer; an intermediate layer having at least one quantum well, the intermediate layer sandwiched between the top layer and the bottom layer; a peripheral annular region including at least a portion of the top, intermediate, and bottom layers; and a current isolation region configured to occupy at least a portion of a central region of the microdisk including at least a portion of the top, intermediate, and bottom layers and having relatively lower index of refraction than the peripheral annular region.
摘要:
A device for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). The device includes a plurality of nanostructures protruding from a surface of a substrate, a SERS active metal disposed on a portion of said plurality of nanostructures, and a low friction film disposed over the plurality of nanostructures and the SERS active metal. The low friction film is to prevent adhesion between the plurality of nanostructures.