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公开(公告)号：US5426207A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-20
申请号：US142125
申请日：1993-10-28
CPC分类号： C07C68/06 , Y02P20/582
摘要： A diaryl carbonate is produced by transesterification of a dialkyl carbonate, such as dimethyl carbonate, with an aromatic hydroxy compound, such as phenol, in three successive reaction zones. A transesterification catalyst, such as a titanate ester or ester mixture is used in each zone. Conditions are selected to maximize formation of alkyl aryl carbonate in the first and second reaction zones, while conversion to diaryl carbonate is favored in the third reaction zone. The vaporous mixture from the first two reaction zones is a mixture containing alkyl alcohol, dialkyl carbonate, alkyl aryl carbonate and aromatic hydroxy compound. This mixture is separated in an alkyl alcohol recovery zone by distillation in the distillation columns to produce useful recycle streams. The second of these distillation columns can be operated at a lower pressure than the first, thus enabling the heat of vaporization of this mixture to be used as the source of heat for the reboiler of the second distillation column of the alkyl alcohol recovery zone.
摘要翻译： 碳酸二芳基酯通过碳酸二烷基酯如碳酸二甲酯与芳族羟基化合物如苯酚在三个连续的反应区中进行酯交换来制备。 在每个区域中使用酯交换催化剂，例如钛酸酯或酯混合物。 选择条件以最大限度地在第一和第二反应区中形成碳酸烷基芳基酯，同时在第三反应区中转化为碳酸二芳基酯是有利的。 来自前两个反应区的气态混合物是含有烷基醇，碳酸二烷基酯，碳酸烷基芳基酯和芳族羟基化合物的混合物。 在蒸馏塔中通过蒸馏在烷基醇回收区中分离该混合物以产生有用的再循环流。 这些蒸馏塔中的第二个可以在比第一蒸馏塔低的压力下操作，从而使得该混合物的蒸发热能用作烷基醇回收区的第二蒸馏塔的再沸器的热源。
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公开(公告)号：US5252198A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-12
申请号：US781172
申请日：1991-12-11
CPC分类号： C10G45/16 , B01J8/22 , C10G65/04 , C10G2400/14
摘要： A hydrodesulfurization process is provided for continuously effecting hydrodesulfurization of a liquid sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which comprises: (a) providing a hydrodesulfurization zone maintained under hydrodesulfurization conditions and comprising a column reactor having a plurality of reaction trays therein mounted one above another, each tray defining a respective reaction stage adapted to hold a predetermined liquid volume and a charge of a sulfided solid hydrodesulfurization catalyst therein, liquid downcomer means associated with each reaction tray adapted to allow liquid to pass down the column reactor from that tray but to retain solid catalyst thereon, and gas upcomer means associated with each reaction tray adapted to allow gas to enter that tray from below and to agitate the mixture of liquid and catalyst on that tray; (b) supplying liquid sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock to the uppermost one of said plurality of reaction trays; (c) supplying hydrogen-containing gas below the lowermost one of said plurality of reaction trays; (d) allowing liquid to pass downward through the column reactor from tray to tray; (e) allowing hydrogen-containing gas to pass upward through the column reactor from tray to tray; (f) recovering from the uppermost one of said plurality of reaction trays and off-gas containing hydrogen sulfide produced by hydrodesulfurization; and (g) recovering from the lowermost one of said plurality of reaction trays a liquid hydrocarbon product of reduced sulfur content.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB90 / 00717 Sec。 371日期1991年12月11日 102（e）日期1991年12月11日PCT提交1990年5月9日PCT公布。 出版物WO90 / 13612 PCT 日本1990年11月15日提供加氢脱硫方法，用于连续地进行含液硫烃原料的加氢脱硫，该方法包括：（a）提供在加氢脱硫条件下保持的加氢脱硫区，并且包括在其中具有多个反应塔的塔式反应器 每个托盘限定适于保持预定液体体积的相应反应阶段和其中的硫化固体加氢脱硫催化剂的电荷的每个托盘，与每个反应塔板相关联的液体降液装置，其适于允许液体从塔式反应器中通过 托盘，但是在其上保持固体催化剂，以及与每个反应塔相关联的气体升降装置，其适于允许气体从下方进入该塔盘并搅动该托盘上的液体和催化剂的混合物; （b）将液体含硫烃原料供应到所述多个反应塔盘中的最上面的一个; （c）在所述多个反应塔板中的最下面的一个反应塔板之下提供含氢气体; （d）允许液体从塔盘向下通过塔式反应器; （e）允许含氢气体通过塔式反应器从塔盘向托盘通过; （f）从所述多个反应塔板中的最上面一个回收和含有由加氢脱硫产生的硫化氢的废气; 和（g）从所述多个反应塔中的最下面的一个反应塔中回收具有降低的硫含量的液体烃产物。
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公开(公告)号：US5138106A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-11
申请号：US721437
申请日：1991-08-12
IPC分类号： C07C29/149 , C07C29/80 , C07C31/02 , C07C31/125 , C07C67/03
CPC分类号： C07C29/149 , C07C67/03
摘要： An improved process for refining alcohols produced by hydrogenation of esters wherein the crude hydrogenation product still contains a minor amount of unconverted ester starting material. In one embodiment, the process includes a method for recovering fatty alcohol or alcohols from a fatty alcohol fraction containing a major molar amount of at least one fatty alcohol and a minor molar amount of at least one lower alkyl fatty acid ester. In another embodiment, there is provided a process for the production of fatty alcohols which comprises, in addition to other steps, hydrogenating a lower alkyl fatty acid ester to yield a mixture of a lower alkanol, a fatty alcohol fraction and a minor amount of unreacted lower alkyl fatty acid ester.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB90 / 00065 Sec。 371日期1991年8月12日 102（e）日期1991年8月12日PCT 1990年1月16日PCT PCT。 公开号WO90 / 08123 日本1990年7月26日。一种用于精制醇的氢化制备的醇的改进方法，其中粗制氢化产物仍含有少量未转化的酯起始原料。 在一个实施方案中，该方法包括从含有主要摩尔量的至少一种脂肪醇和少量摩尔量的至少一种低级烷基脂肪酸酯的脂肪醇级分中回收脂肪醇或醇的方法。 在另一个实施方案中，提供了一种生产脂肪醇的方法，除了其它步骤之外，还包括将低级烷基脂肪酸酯氢化以产生低级烷醇，脂肪醇级分和少量未反应的混合物 低级烷基脂肪酸酯。
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公开(公告)号：US4482749A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-13
申请号：US501928
申请日：1983-06-07
IPC分类号： B01J31/00 , B01J31/20 , B01J31/22 , C07B61/00 , C07C45/00 , C07C45/50 , C07C45/82 , C07C47/02 , C07C67/00 , C07F15/00
CPC分类号： B01J31/185 , B01J31/20 , C07C45/50 , C07C45/82 , C07F15/008 , B01J2231/321 , B01J2531/822
摘要： A process for the production of a non-linear aldehyde by hydroformylation of an optionally substituted internal olefin comprises:providing a hydroformylation zone containing a charge of a liquid reaction medium having dissolved therein a complex rhodium hydroformylation catalyst comprising rhodium in complex combination with carbon monoxide and with a cyclic phosphite having a bridgehead phosphorus atom linked to three oxygen atoms at least two of which form together with the bridgehead phosphorus atom part of a ring;supplying said internal olefin to the hydroformylation zone;maintaining temperature and pressure conditions in the hydroformylation zone conducive to hydroformylation of the internal olefin;supplying make-up hydrogen and carbon monoxide to the hydroformylation zone; andrecovering from the liquid hydroformylation medium a hydroformylation product comprising at least one non-linear aldehyde.
摘要翻译： 通过任选取代的内烯烃的加氢甲酰化生产非线性醛的方法包括：提供含有其中溶解有液体反应介质的液体反应介质的加氢甲酰化区，该复合铑加氢甲酰化催化剂包含与一氧化碳复合组合的铑和 具有连接至三个氧原子的桥头磷原子的环状亚磷酸酯，其中至少两个与桥环磷原子部分形成环; 将所述内烯烃供应到加氢甲酰化区; 维持加氢甲酰化区中有利于内烯烃加氢甲酰化的温度和压力条件; 向加氢甲酰化区提供补充氢和一氧化碳; 并从液体加氢甲酰化介质中回收含有至少一种非直链醛的加氢甲酰化产物。
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公开(公告)号：US4287127A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-01
申请号：US139568
申请日：1980-04-11
IPC分类号： C07C43/15 , C07C43/162 , C07C45/49 , C07D307/08
CPC分类号： C07D307/08 , C07C43/15 , C07C43/162 , C07C45/49
摘要： Tetrahydrofuran is produced by converting allyl alcohol to an allyl t-alkyl or -cycloalkyl ether of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each, independently of the other, represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each, independently of the other, represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl radical, or wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5-membered or 6-membered cycloaliphatic ring, and R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl radical, followed by reacting resulting compound of formula (III) under hydroformylation conditions with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to form a corresponding aldehyde-ether of the general formula: ##STR2## reducing resulting aldehyde-ether of the general formula (I) a corresponding hydroxy-ether of the general formula: ##STR3## and cleaving resulting hydroxy-ether of the general formula (II) under dehydrating conditions to produce tetrahydrofuran. Typically R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a methyl group while R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent a hydrogen atom. The alkene of the general formula: ##STR4## released upon cleavage of the hydroxy-ether of formula (II) can be recycled for reaction with further allyl alcohol to form a further quantity of the ether of the general formula (III).
摘要翻译： 四氢呋喃是通过将烯丙醇转化为通式为（III）的烯丙基t-烷基或 - 环烷基醚制备的：其中R 1和R 2各自独立地表示C 1至C 4烷基，R 3和 R 4各自独立地表示氢原子或C 1至C 3烷基，或其中R 1表示C 1至C 4烷基，R 2和R 3与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成5元或 6元环脂族环，R4代表氢原子或C1-C3烷基，然后在加氢甲酰化催化剂存在下，在加氢甲酰化条件下使所得式（III）化合物与一氧化碳和氢气反应形成相应的醛 （I）将通式（I）的所得醛 - 醚还原成相应的通式为：（II）的羟基醚，并将所得羟基醚除去，得到通式 式（II） 在脱水条件下生产四氢呋喃。 通常R 1和R 2各自表示甲基，而R 3和R 4各自表示氢原子。 可以将通式（II）的羟基醚裂解后释放的通式为：（IV）的烯烃再循环进一步与另外的烯丙醇反应以形成另外的通式（III）的醚， 。
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16.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5536856A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-16
申请号：US200314
申请日：1994-02-23
摘要： Esterification is carried out in a column reactor (14) in which there is a plurality of esterification trays (15) each having predetermined liquid hold-up and containing a charge of a solid esterification catalyst thereon. e.g. an ion exchange resin containing a --SO.sub.3 H and/or --COOH groups. A liquid phase containing the carboxylic acid component, e.g. a fatty acid mixture, flows down the column reactor from one esterification tray to the next downward one against an upflowing alcohol vapour stream, e.g. methanol vapour. Relatively dry alcohol vapour is injected (21) into the bottom of the column reactor. Water of esterification is removed from the top of the column reactor in the vapour stream (26), whilst ester product is recovered (23) from the sump of the reactor. As the liquid flows down the trays it encounters progressively drier alocohol and the esterification equilibrium reaction is driven further and further towards 100% ester formation. A polishing reactor (304) operated under liquid phase conditions may follow the column reactor, the ester-containing product from which is mixed with further alcohol before admission to the polishing reactor.
摘要翻译： 酯化在柱反应器（14）中进行，其中存在多个具有预定液体滞留并在其上含有固体酯化催化剂的酯化塔板（15）。 例如 含有-SO 3 H和/或-COOH基团的离子交换树脂。 含有羧酸组分的液相，例如 脂肪酸混合物从塔式反应器中流出，从一个酯化塔板向下流动的醇蒸气流， 甲醇蒸气。 将相对干燥的醇蒸汽（21）注入塔式反应器的底部。 在蒸馏物流（26）中从塔式反应器的顶部除去酯化水，同时从反应器的贮槽回收酯产物（23）。 当液体向下流动时，它遇到逐渐干燥的醇，酯化平衡反应进一步向100％酯形成。 在液相条件下操作的抛光反应器（304）可以在塔式反应器之后，含酯产物在进入抛光反应器之前与另外的醇混合。
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公开(公告)号：US5434313A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US313298
申请日：1994-10-06
IPC分类号： B01J23/04 , B01J27/232 , C07B61/00 , C07C45/66 , C07C45/72 , C07C45/74 , C07C45/81 , C07C45/82 , C07C47/19 , C07C47/21 , C07C47/22
摘要： An aldolisation-dehydration process is disclosed for converting an aldehyde, e.g. n-valeraldehyde, to a substituted acrolein, e.g. propyl butyl acrolein (2-propylhept-2-enal). Aldolisation and dehydration are effected in a stirred tank reactor (16; 111) using an alkali catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide. A reaction product stream (23; 113) containing both organic and aqueous phases is distilled (in column 25; 123) to yield a heterogeneous azeotrope containing water and aldehyde. On condensation and phase separation the lower water layer (34; 150) can be discharged from the plant without the need for neutralisation. From the bottom of the distillation zone a mixture (36;157) of substituted acrolein and alkali catalyst solution is obtained. The substituted acrolein is recovered as product (45;173), while the catalyst solution (47;175) is recycled to the aldolisation reactor. Part (49; 181) of the catalyst solution is purged to control the level of Cannizzaro reaction products.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB93 / 00729 Sec。 371日期：1994年10月6日 102（e）日期1994年10月6日PCT提交1993年4月7日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 20034 日期为1993年10月14日。公开了醛脱水脱水方法，用于转化醛，例如 正戊醛，取代的丙烯醛，例如 丙基丁基丙烯醛（2-丙基庚-2-烯醛）。 使用碱催化剂如氢氧化钠在搅拌釜反应器（16; 111）中进行醛化和脱水。 蒸馏含有有机相和水相的反应产物流（23; 113）（在第25列;第123列），得到含有水和醛的非均相共沸物。 在冷凝和相分离时，下水层（34; 150）可以从设备中排出而不需要中和。 从蒸馏区的底部获得取代的丙烯醛和碱催化剂溶液的混合物（36; 157）。 将取代的丙烯醛作为产物（45; 173）回收，同时催化剂溶液（47; 175）再循环到醛醇化反应器中。 将催化剂溶液的部分（49; 181）吹扫以控制Cannizzaro反应产物的水平。
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公开(公告)号：US5157168A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-20
申请号：US721438
申请日：1991-08-12
IPC分类号： C07C29/149 , C07C29/80 , C07C31/02 , C07C31/125 , C07C67/03 , C07C67/08
CPC分类号： C07C29/177 , C07C29/149 , C07C67/03 , C07C67/08
摘要： An improved process for the production of fatty alcohols is provided. The fatty alcohols are produced by hydrogenation of lower alkyl esters, especially methyl esters, of fatty acids derived from natural triglycerides, under conditions which minimize formation of by-product alkanes and ethers. The hydrogenation is followed by refining of any resulting ester-containing hydrogenation product to produce a substantially ester free fatty alcohol.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB90 / 00063 Sec。 371日期1991年8月12日 102（e）日期1991年8月12日PCT 1990年1月16日PCT PCT。 出版物WO90 / 08121 日期为1990年7月26日。提供了用于生产脂肪醇的改进方法。 在最小化副产物烷烃和醚的形成条件下，通过氢化衍生自天然甘油三酸酯的脂肪酸的低级烷基酯，特别是甲基酯来生产脂肪醇。 氢化之后是任何所得含酯氢化产物的精制，以产生基本上无酯的脂肪醇。
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公开(公告)号：US4960960A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-02
申请号：US254933
申请日：1988-10-05
IPC分类号： C07C31/12 , C07B31/00 , C07B35/02 , C07B41/12 , C07C20060101 , C07C5/02 , C07C27/00 , C07C29/14 , C07C29/141 , C07C29/17 , C07C31/125 , C07C67/00
CPC分类号： C07C29/141 , C07C29/175
摘要： Hydrogen is supplied first to a last hydrogenation zone, and gases recovered from the last hydrogenation zone are passed to the first hydrogenation zone of a continuous multi-zone liquid phase process for hydrogenating an organic compound to a corresponding hydrogenation product. The organic compound, with a suitable diluent or recycle hydrogenation product, flows successively through the zones beginning with the first and ending with the last hydrogenation zone to undergo hydrogenation with the hydrogenation product being recovered from the last hydrogenation zone.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB87 / 00070 Sec。 371日期：1988年10月5日第 102（e）日期1988年10月5日PCT提交1988年2月5日PCT公布。 出版物WO88 / 05767 日期1988年8月11日。氢气首先供应到最后一个氢化区，从最后一个加氢区回收的气体通入连续多区液相方法的第一加氢区，用于将有机化合物氢化成相应的氢化 产品。 有机化合物与合适的稀释剂或循环氢化产物连续流过从最初的氢化区开始的区域，随后从最后一个氢化区回收氢化产物进行氢化。
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公开(公告)号：US4919765A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-24
申请号：US222727
申请日：1988-07-22
IPC分类号： C07D307/08
CPC分类号： C07D307/08 , Y10S203/09 , Y10S203/14
摘要： Tetrahydrofuran is recovered by a two stage distillation procedure from a crude hydrogenation product resulting from vapor phase hydrogenation of diethyl maleate and containing water, ethanol and a minor amount of n-butanol, and possibly also dissolved hydrogen, in addition to butane-1,4-diol, gamma-butyrolactone and "heavies" such as diethyl ethoxysuccinate. In the first distillation stage, conveniently operated substantially at atmospheric pressure, ethanol, water, and tetrahydrofuran are recovered as overhead product, are condensed to separate the condensible components from a hydrogen stream which can be vented, and then redistilled in the presence of a molar excess of a hydroxylic solvent containing at least two hydroxyl groups, such as butane-1,4-diol, in a second distillation zone. Pure tetrahydrofuran is recovered as overhead product from the second distillation zone, while the bottom product therefrom is stripped in a third distillation zone of tetrahydrofuran, ethanol and water which are recycled to the first distillation zone and the stripped bottom product is recycled to the second distillation zone.
摘要翻译： 四氢呋喃通过两步蒸馏方法从粗制氢化产物回收，粗制氢化产物由马来酸二乙酯的气相氢化产生，并含有水，乙醇和少量正丁醇，以及可能还含有溶解的氢，除了丁烷-1,4 - 二醇，γ-丁内酯和“重质”如乙氧基琥珀酸二乙酯。 在第一蒸馏阶段，基本上在大气压下操作，回收乙醇，水和四氢呋喃作为塔顶产物，冷凝，将可冷凝组分与可排出的氢气流分离，然后在摩尔浓度存在下重新蒸馏 在第二蒸馏区中过量含有至少两个羟基的羟基溶剂如丁烷-1,4-二醇。 从第二蒸馏区回收作为塔顶产物的纯四氢呋喃，同时将其底部产物从四氢呋喃，乙醇和水的第三蒸馏区中汽提，再循环至第一蒸馏区，将汽提的底部产物再循环至第二蒸馏 区。
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