Abstract:
Apparatuses, systems, and a method for providing a digital phase-locked loop (PLL) are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an integration-mode phase frequency detector (PFD) that compares a phase and frequency of a reference clock signal to a phase and frequency of a generated feedback clock signal and generates a digitized output signal. A digital loop filter (DLF) receives the digitized output signal and applies a linearization technique to the digitized output signal. The DLF includes a derivative gain unit of a derivative path, a proportional gain unit of a proportional path, and an integral gain unit of an integral path. The derivative path provides a direct proportional feedback loop path to the integration-mode PFD by compensating the integration of an integrator that receives output signals from the paths. The integration-mode PFD can be implemented with a hybrid circuit or a substantially digital circuit.
Abstract:
Apparatuses, systems, and a method for providing a digital phase-locked loop (PLL) are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an integration-mode phase frequency detector (PFD) that compares a phase and frequency of a reference clock signal to a phase and frequency of a generated feedback clock signal and generates a digitized output signal. A digital loop filter (DLF) receives the digitized output signal and applies a linearization technique to the digitized output signal. The DLF includes a derivative gain unit of a derivative path, a proportional gain unit of a proportional path, and an integral gain unit of an integral path. The derivative path provides a direct proportional feedback loop path to the integration-mode PFD by compensating the integration of an integrator that receives output signals from the paths. The integration-mode PFD can be implemented with a hybrid circuit or a substantially digital circuit.
Abstract:
An auto white balance (AWB) method and an image photographing apparatus using the same. The AWB method includes selecting parts of a plurality of windows that form an image, and performing an AWB of the image, based on color difference signals of the selected windows, thereby reducing a time to transmit AWB data to calculate color difference integration, i.e., AWB data to be used to perform the AWB, to reduce the extent of calculation to calculate the color difference integration, and efficiently to perform the AWB of the image.
Abstract:
According to the present invention, a service is configured by a plurality of sessions and respective session negotiation requests defined by different media formats can be performed without influencing existing connected sessions, and hence it is easy to add, delete, and change the media, the contact of session negotiation can be specified, and the response to the session negotiation request can be processed easily with the service acceptance or rejection of the contact.
Abstract:
An electronic apparatus including a device capable of simultaneously reading and writing, and a method thereof. The present electronic apparatus includes a first device to generate and output a Command containing a Read_Start_Address, a Write_Start_Address, and Write_Data in a header, and a second device to receive the Command to enable data to be recorded. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time required to communicate data between devices.
Abstract:
By providing a radiator configuration circuit and a feeding circuit each having a simple structure, a ground radiation antenna having a more simplified fabrication process as well as a remarkably reduced fabrication cost is provided herein. Additionally, a ground radiation antenna having an excellent radiation performance, even when one side of a mobile communication terminal is covered with a conductive substance, such as an LCD panel, is also provided herein.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a maskless exposure method, where it is possible to perform a more precise optical alignment using a first pattern of a maskless exposure part and a second pattern of a main reference unit, and it is also possible to reduce generation of a blur in an exposed pattern.
Abstract:
In general, in one aspect, an apparatus includes a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a voltage controlled oscillator, an integral capacitor to maintain an integral charge and provide an integral voltage, and a mutual-charge canceling sample reset (MCSR) capacitor to maintain a proportional charge and provide a proportional voltage each reference clock cycle. The MCSR includes a first proportional capacitor, a second proportional capacitor in parallel to, and having substantially identical capacitance value as, the first proportional capacitor, a first set of switches to provide direct coupling of the first and second proportional capacitors, and a second set of switches to provide cross coupling of the first and second proportional capacitors. The first and second set of switches alternatively turn on and off every reference clock cycle so that set of switches coupling the first and second proportional capacitors alternates every reference clock cycle.
Abstract:
An electronic apparatus including a device capable of simultaneously reading and writing, and a method thereof. The present electronic apparatus includes a first device to generate and output a Command containing a Read_Start_Address, a Write_Start_Address, and Write_Data in a header, and a second device to receive the Command to enable data to be recorded. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time required to communicate data between devices.
Abstract:
An auto white balance (AWB) method and an image photographing apparatus using the same. The AWB method includes selecting parts of a plurality of windows that form an image, and performing an AWB of the image, based on color difference signals of the selected windows, thereby reducing a time to transmit AWB data to calculate color difference integration, i.e., AWB data to be used to perform the AWB, to reduce the extent of calculation to calculate the color difference integration, and efficiently to perform the AWB of the image