Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel gold nanocrystals and nanocrystal shape distributions that have surfaces that are substantially free from organic impurities or films. Specifically, the surfaces are “clean” relative to the surfaces of gold nanoparticles made using chemical reduction processes that require organic reductants and/or surfactants to grow gold nanoparticles from gold ions in solution. The invention includes novel electrochemical manufacturing apparatuses and techniques for making the gold-based nanocrystals. The invention further includes pharmaceutical compositions thereof and the use of the gold nanocrystals or suspensions or colloids thereof for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions for which gold therapy is already known and more generally for conditions resulting from pathological cellular activation, such as inflammatory (including chronic inflammatory) conditions, autoimmune conditions, hypersensitivity reactions and/or cancerous diseases or conditions. In one embodiment, the condition is mediated by MT (macrophage migration inhibiting factor).
Abstract:
This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) (e.g., colloids). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. Processing enhancers can be utilized alone or with a plasma. Semicontinuous and batch processes can also be utilized. The continuous processes cause at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including ions, micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, concentration, zeta potential and certain other novel properties present in a liquid.
Abstract:
This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) (e.g., colloids). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. Processing enhancers can be utilized alone or with a plasma. Semicontinuous and batch processes can also be utilized. The continuous processes cause at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including ions, micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, concentration, zeta potential and certain other novel properties present in a liquid.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for rapid temperature changes of thin samples is disclosed. The apparatus comprises of a thin-film resistive element embedded in a membrane, a narrow gap between the membrane and a heat sink, and a control circuit. The resistive element acts both as a heater and as a temperature sensor to reduce time constant of the control circuit. The gap between the membrane and the heat sink is filled with gas (e.g., N2 or He) acting as cooling medium with low thermal inertia. The temperature controller has a microsecond time constant, which allows adjusting rapidly the power applied to the membrane, depending on heat released/absorbed by a sample during an isotherm or during a given rate of temperature changes. The membrane has low thermal inertia and, coupled with high-speed temperature controller, allows controlled cooling and heating rates up to 100 000 K s−1 and higher. The method can be a core of any setup where controlled fast temperature-time profile of thin or small sample is desirable. The proposed control circuit can be readily applied to the variety of the existing setups with resistive heater.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel gold-platinum based bi-metallic nanocrystal suspensions that have nanocrystal surfaces that are substantially free from organic or other impurities or films associated with typical chemical reductants/stabilizers and/or raw materials used in nanoparticle formation processes. Specifically, the surfaces are “clean” relative to the surfaces of metal-based nanoparticles made using chemical reduction (and other) processes that require organic (or other) reductants and/or surfactants to grow (and/or suspend) metal nanoparticles from metal ions in a solution. The invention includes novel electrochemical manufacturing apparatuses and techniques for making the bi-metallic nanocrystal suspensions. The techniques do not require the use or presence of chlorine ions/atoms and/or chlorides or chlorine-based materials for the manufacturing process/final suspension. The invention further includes pharmaceutical compositions thereof and the use of the bi-metallic nanocrystals or suspensions or colloids thereof for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions for which metal-based therapy is already known, including, for example, for cancerous diseases or conditions.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel gold nanocrystals and nanocrystal shape distributions that have surfaces that are substantially free from organic impurities or films. Specifically, the surfaces are “clean” relative to the surfaces of gold nanoparticles made using chemical reduction processes that require organic reductants and/or surfactants to grow gold nanoparticles from gold ions in solution. The invention includes novel electrochemical manufacturing apparatuses and techniques for making the gold-based nanocrystals. The invention further includes pharmaceutical compositions thereof and the use of the gold nanocrystals or suspensions or colloids thereof for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions for which gold therapy is already known and more generally for conditions resulting from pathological cellular activation, such as inflammatory (including chronic inflammatory) conditions, autoimmune conditions, hypersensitivity reactions and/or cancerous diseases or conditions. In one embodiment, the condition is mediated by MIF (macrophage migration inhibiting factor).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel gold nanocrystals and nanocrystal shape distributions that have surfaces that are substantially free from organic impurities or films. Specifically, the surfaces are “clean” relative to the surfaces of gold nanoparticles made using chemical reduction processes that require organic reductants and/or surfactants to grow gold nanoparticles from gold ions in solution. The invention includes novel electrochemical manufacturing apparatuses and techniques for making the gold-based nanocrystals. The invention further includes pharmaceutical compositions thereof and the use of the gold nanocrystals or suspensions or colloids thereof for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions for which gold therapy is already known and more generally for conditions resulting from pathological cellular activation, such as inflammatory (including chronic inflammatory) conditions, autoimmune conditions, hypersensitivity reactions and/or cancerous diseases or conditions In one embodiment, the condition is mediated by MIF (macrophage migration inhibiting factor).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel gold-platinum based bi-metallic nanocrystal suspensions that have nanocrystal surfaces that are substantially free from organic or other impurities or films associated with typical chemical reductants/stabilizers and/or raw materials used in nanoparticle formation processes. Specifically, the surfaces are “clean” relative to the surfaces of metal-based nanoparticles made using chemical reduction (and other) processes that require organic (or other) reductants and/or surfactants to grow (and/or suspend) metal nanoparticles from metal ions in a solution. The invention includes novel electrochemical manufacturing apparatuses and techniques for making the bi-metallic nanocrystal suspensions. The techniques do not require the use or presence of chlorine ions/atoms and/or chlorides or chlorine-based materials for the manufacturing process/final suspension. The invention further includes pharmaceutical compositions thereof and the use of the bi-metallic nanocrystals or suspensions or colloids thereof for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions for which metal-based therapy is already known, including, for example, for cancerous diseases or conditions.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for rapid temperature changes of thin samples is disclosed. The apparatus comprises of a thin-film resistive element embedded in a membrane, a narrow gap between the membrane and a heat sink, and a control circuit. The resistive element acts both as a heater and as a temperature sensor to reduce time constant of the control circuit. The gap between the membrane and the heat sink is filled with gas (e.g., N2 or He) acting as cooling medium with low thermal inertia. The temperature controller has a microsecond time constant, which allows adjusting rapidly the power applied to the membrane, depending on heat released/absorbed by a sample during an isotherm or during a given rate of temperature changes. The membrane has low thermal inertia and, coupled with high-speed temperature controller, allows controlled cooling and heating rates up to 100,000 K s−1 and higher. The method can be a core of any setup where controlled fast temperature-time profile of thin or small sample is desirable. The proposed control circuit can be readily applied to the variety of the existing setups with resistive heater.
Abstract translation:公开了一种薄样品快速温度变化的方法和装置。 该装置包括嵌入膜中的薄膜电阻元件,膜与散热器之间的窄间隙,以及控制电路。 电阻元件既作为加热器又作为温度传感器,以减少控制电路的时间常数。 膜和散热器之间的间隙用作为具有低热惯性的冷却介质的气体(例如,N 2或He)填充。 温度控制器具有微秒时间常数,这允许根据在等温线期间或在给定的温度变化期间由样品释放/吸收的热量来迅速调节施加到膜的功率。 该膜具有低热惯性,并与高速温度控制器相结合,可控制冷却和加热速率高达100,000 K s -1以上。 该方法可以是任何设备的核心,其中需要薄或小样品的受控快速温度 - 时间曲线。 所提出的控制电路可以容易地应用于具有电阻加热器的各种现有设置。