WHEREIN R1,R2, AND R3 ARE ALKYL OR ARYL; R4 AND R5 ARE HYDROGEN, ALKYL, ARALKYL,, OR FORM TOGETHER WITH THE ADJOINING CARBON ATOM CARRYING THE HYDROXYL GROUP A CYCLOHEXYL, CYCLOPENTYL OR CYCLOHEPTYL GROUP; AND R6 IS HYDROXYL, A RESIDUE OF AN ALCOHOL CONNECTED THROUGH ITS HYDROXYL GROUP TO THE CARBONYL GROUP BY AN ESTER LINKAGE AND CONTAINING A TERTIARY AMINO GROUP AND HAVING AN ALKYL OR CYCLOALKYL OR HETEROCYCLIC OR A CONDENSED BIHETEROCYCLIC SKELETON, OR IS A RESIDUE OF ANY OF AMMONIA, HYDROXYLAMINE, HYDRAZINE, N-ALKYL OR ARYL SUBSTITUTED HYDRAZINE, A PRIMARY OF SECONDARY AMINE, UREA, THIOUREA OF GUANIDINE OR THEIR SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES, ALL OF SUCH RESIDUES BEING CONNECTED THROUGH NITROGEN TO THE C=O GROUP. THE COMPOUNDS DISPLAY ANTI-CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY AND ARE ANTIDOTAL AGAINST ORGANO-PHOSPHATE POISONING.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR ACHIEVING A HIGH CONVERSION OF RESIDUAL HEAVY OIL FEEDSTOCK IS DISCLOSED. THE PROCESS COMPRISES WITHDRAWING LIQUID EFFLUENT CONTAINING UNCONVERTED RESIDUAL OIL INCLUDING THERMALLY DEGRADED MATERIAL FROM AN EBULLATED CATALYST BED REACTOR OPERATING AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 1500 P.S.I.G. AND 400 P.S.I.G., MIXING THE UNCONVERTED RESIDUAL OIL WITH A NAPHTHA STREAM CONDENSED FROM REACTOR VAPOR EFFUENT, SEPARATING THE MIXTURE INTO AN EXTRACT CONTAINING UNCONVERTED RESIDUAL OIL MISCIBLE IN THE NAPHTHA AND A RAFFINATED CONTAINING THE THERMALLY DEGRADED MATERIAL AND RECYCLING THE EXTRACT TO THE REACTOR IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE UNCONVERTED RESIDUAL OIL IN THE LIQUID PHASE IN THE REACTOR.
Abstract:
A method of determining the penicillin content in biological, metabolic, and alimentary substances by partially inactivating penicillinase with iodine in the presence of and in proportion to the amount of a penicillin contained in a specimen, and measuring the residual activity of the enzyme by contact with a suitable substrate such as an S-type penicillin in the presence of an indicator whose color change signifies accumulation of the hydrolyzate penicillinoic acid and is correlated in terms of time or hue to a standardized amount of the penicillin under test. Monitoring strips for carrying out the procedure consisting of 2 sorbefacient pads one of which is impregnated with the test enzyme while the other is suffused with an S-type penicillin and an indicator which may be a soluble starch-iodine complex or a pH-sensitive organic dye.
Abstract:
AN IMPROVED HYDROGEN TREATING PROCESS IS DISCLOSED IN WHICH A RESIDUAL OIL FEED IS TREATED WITH HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF AN EBULLATED CATALYST BED AT TEMPERATURES IN A REACTOR BETWEEN 800*F. AND 900*F. AND PRESSURES BETWEEN 2000 AND 3000 P.S.I. THE REACTOR EFFULENT STREAM IS COOLED BY SPRAYING IT DOWN THROUGH AN UPWARDLY RISING STREAM OF COOL RECIRCULATING HYDROGEN-RICH GAS RESULTING IN TRANSFER OF HEAT TO THE GAS AND RECOVERY OF HYDROGEN FROM THE EFFLUENT. THE RECIRCULATING GAS AND RECOVERED HYDROGEN IS COOLED BY THE INCOMING OL FEED AND ADDITIONALLY COOLED BEFORE BEING PRESSURIZED TO REACTOR PRESSURE, AND AN ALIQUOT PORTIN OF THE COOLED PRESSURIZED GAS RECIRCULATED AS COOANT FOR THE EFFLUENT THE REMAINDER BEING RECYCLED TO THE REACTOR WITH THE FEED.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR HYDROTREATING A HEAVY HYDROCARBON OIL AND A HIGH PRESSURE, HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR VESSEL OR PRACTICING THE PROCESS IS DISCLOSED HEREIN. THE REACTOR IS CONSTRUCTED OF A VERTICALLY MOUNTED CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH A SPHERICAL SHELL ATTACHED TO THE UPPER END OF THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL. PREFERABLY A TRANSVERSE GRID IS MOUNTED IN THE LOWER END OF THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH A FEED CONDUIT OPENING INTO THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL BELOW THE GRID, AND LIQUID WITHDRAWAL AND GASEOUS EFFLUENT CONDUITS EXTENDING INTO THE REACTOR AND OPENING IN THE SPHERICAL SHELL RESPECTIVELY BELOW AND ABOVE THE LIQUID REACTANT LEVEL IN THE REACTOR. APPARATUS AND PROCESS ARE ALSO SHOWN FOR SEPARATING LIQUID COMPONENTS FROM THE EFFLUENT AND RECYCLING SEPARATED GASES, PRINCIPALLY HYDROGEN, TO THE REACTOR FEED CONDUIT. THE PROCESS INCLUDES TREATING A HYDROCARBON LIQUID WITH A HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING GAS AT HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE (I.E., ABOVE 658*F. AND 1000 P.S.I.G.) IN THE PRESENCE OF A FINELY DIVIDED PARTICULATE CATALYST BY PASSING UPWARDLY IN THE VESSEL A MIXTURE OF THE LIQUID AND GAS THROUGH THE PARTICULATE CATALYST AT A FLOW VELOCITY SUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN THE CATALYST IN AN EXPANDED STATE, AND SUBSEQUENTLY REDUCING THE UPWARD FLOW VELOCITY OF THE MIXTURE TO BELOW THAT WHICH THE LIQUID AND PARTICULATE CATALYST MATERIAL ARE CARRIED UPWARD BY THE GAS, BY INCREASING THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF THE FLOW.
Abstract:
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR HYDROTREATING HEAVY HYDROCARBON OILS IS DISCLOSED HEREIN WHICH PLROVIDES FOR HYDROCRACKING, HYDROGENATION, HYDRO-DESULFURIZATION, AND NITROGEN REMOVAL UTILIZING A SINGLE REACTION VESSEL HAVING UPPER AND LOWER REACTION ZONES DIVIDED BY A TRANSVERSE ONE WAY GRID. THE METHOD COMPRISES PASSING A HEAVY HYDROCARBON OIL, WITH HYDROGEN GAS, AND FINE PARTICULATE CATALYST UPWARDLY THROUGH THE LOWER REACTION ZONE AT A RATE TO ESTABLISH A CONTINUOUS FLOW STIRRED REACTOR, CONTACTING THE HYDROCARBON OIL WITH HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF THE FINE PARTICULATE CATALYST IN THE LOWER REACTION ZONE AT A TEMPERATURE OF UP TO 780* F. AND AT A HIGH PRESSURE AND PASSING THE CONTRACTECD HYDROCARBON OIL, HYDROGEN GAS AND CATALYST SLURRY UPWARD THROUGH THE ONE WAY GRID INTO THE UPPER REACTION ZONE, WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY PREVENTING ANY RETURN (BACKMIXING) FLOW OF HYDROCARBON OIL, HYDROGEN GAS, AND CATALYST SLURRY BACK INTO THE LOWER REACTION ZONE. TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE PROCESS IS OBTAINED BY CONTROLLING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE VARIOUS FEED MATERIALS. THE UPPER REACTION ZONE IS MAINTAINED AT A HIGHER TEMPERATURE FROM ABOUT 800* F. TO ABOUT 850* F. BY THE CON TINUING EXOTHERMIC REACTION. A LOWER BOILING HYDROCRACKED, DENITROGENIZED, AND DESULFURIZED HYDROCARBON PRODUCT TOGETHER WITH SPENT CATALYST SLURRY AND VARIOUS GASES ARE WITHDRAWN AS EFFLUENT FROM THE REACTION VESSEL.
Abstract:
1,115,457. Screw propellers. P & O RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CO. Ltd. 24 Oct., 1966 [8 Nov., 1965], No. 47257/65. Heading B7V. [Also in Divisions B3, B4 and F2] The hub 5 of a propeller is formed with a recess 12 which reduces stresses in a shaft 2 on which it is secured (see Division F2).