Abstract:
An apparatus and a method are disclosed for reducing a thickness of a thermomechanically-affected layer on an as-machined surface of a hard metal workpiece being machined by a hard cutting tool exerting a thermomechanical load on a surface of the workpiece. The method involves reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece, and the apparatus includes a means for reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece.
Abstract:
Described herein is an apparatus and method for providing an inerting gas during the application of soldering to a work piece. In one aspect, there is provided an enclosure for providing an inerting gas into an atmosphere above a solder reservoir during soldering of a work piece comprising: a tube in fluid communication with an inerting gas source wherein the tube comprises one or more openings for the flow of the inerting gas therethrough, a base wherein the tube resides in therein and comprises an interior volume, a neck comprising an opening and an interior volume in fluid communication with the interior volume of the base, and a cap proximal to the opening wherein the inerting gas source travels through the tube into the interior volume and into the atmosphere through the opening defined by the neck and cap.
Abstract:
An apparatus and a method are disclosed for reducing a thickness of a thermomechanically-affected layer on an as-machined surface of a hard metal workpiece being machined by a hard cutting tool exerting a thermomechanical load on a surface of the workpiece. The method involves reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece, and the apparatus includes a means for reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece.
Abstract:
Described herein are a method and an apparatus for removing metal oxides and/or forming solder joints on at least a portion of a substrate surface within a target area. In one particular embodiment, the method and apparatus form a solder joint within a substrate comprising a layer having a plurality of solder bumps by providing one or more energizing electrodes and exposing at least a portion of the layer and solder bumps to the energizing electrode.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for improving the surface finish and/or surface integrity of a workpiece formed or shaped with a tool increase the surface hardness of the workpiece during forming or shaping of the workpiece. A method and apparatus for forming or shaping a workpiece also increase the surface hardness of the workpiece during forming or shaping of the workpiece with a tool, as do a method and apparatus for manufacturing a finished part or product from a workpiece. In some embodiments, an expanding jet of cryogen may be jetted to a surface of a workpiece and a tool from a nozzle, wherein the cryogen is at least partially separated into a condensed phase portion and a vapor portion within a downstream portion of the nozzle.
Abstract:
An indexable cutting insert is disclosed capable of cutting operations over a wide range of depth of cuts. The insert has different geometries at different locations on the cutting surface such that, under differing cutting parameters, a desirable cutting surface will be in contact with the workpiece.
Abstract:
A method is provided for assessing chip breaking performance of a selected tool insert used in finish turning for automated machining operations. The method broadly includes the steps for developing a chip groove classification system based upon selected geometric parameters of commercially available tool inserts. Additionally, the method includes creating a fuzzy rule base utilizing the chip groove classification system and actual chip breaking performance data for the commercially available tool inserts. The fuzzy rule base is then used for assessing the chip breaking performance of the selected tool insert. The method takes into account selected geometric parameters, such as, land, primary rake, secondary rake, groove width, groove depth, groove height and slope of backwall.
Abstract:
A method of determining the accuracy and repeatability of leak testing instrumentation comprises the following steps: providing a two chamber vessel having an access port and a flow controlling reference orifice associated with each chamber and a third reference orifice communicating between the two chambers, providing a leak testing device and connecting such leak testing device first to one of such ports, pressurizing the associated chamber and, with the associated orifice open, observing and recording the pressure measured by the leak testing device under test as a function of time. The second test repeats this activity with the other chamber and the other orifice. A third test is undertaken with the third orifice open. One of the chambers is smaller and incorporates a smaller orifice and the other chamber is larger and incorporates a larger orifice thus achieving leak testing under different conditions.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for discharging a temperature-controlled flow of a resultant fluid (32) containing a throttling gas and cryogenic fluid onto a material (14) for the purpose of maintaining the temperature of the material within a desired temperature range and below the glass transition temperature of the material during machining. Also disclosed is an apparatus and method for deburring or deflashing a machined material by discharging a temperature-controlled flow of a resultant fluid (132) onto a machined material (114) to harden the burrs (134a), then brushing the material (114) to remove the hardened burrs (143a).
Abstract:
A method and an apparatus or machining a workpiece include the use of a cryogenically cooled oxide containing ceramic cutting tool. The method involves cryogenic cooling of the cutting tool during a cutting operation, which cooling results in enhanced wear resistance and fracture resistance of the cutting tool. A preferred embodiment involves jetting a cryogenic fluid directly at the cutting tool.