Abstract:
An optical subscriber network for power reduction is provided. The optical subscriber network may include an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and an Optical Network Terminal (ONT). The OLT may manage a plurality of ONTs by classifying the plurality of ONTs into a sleep group, and may multicast a sleep allowance message only to ONTs included in a predetermined sleep group.
Abstract:
Apparatus for displaying information, the apparatus comprising a status recording means for recording a status of at least one selected menu item, a user input device for receiving user selections, a controller configured to control a display device to display selectable menu items in a first display region, each of said selectable menu items having a status that can be switched between an active state and an inactive state, and wherein said selectable menu items correspond to information available in an information store, to retrieve information in response to a first selection of one of said selectable menu items, said retrieved information corresponds to the currently selected menu item, to control said display device to display said retrieved information in a second display region, switch said status of the currently selected menu item to a first active state, and control said status recording means to record said status of the currently selected menu item as said first active state, to control said display device to display a submenu of said selected menu item in said second display region in response to receiving a second selection of said selected menu item, switch said status of the currently selected menu item to a second active state, and control said status recording means to record said status of the currently selected menu item as said second active state, wherein said user input device is configured to receive a third selection of one of said selectable menu items, and said controller is configured to control said display device to display a submenu or information in response to said third selection in dependence upon said status of a previously selected menu item.
Abstract:
Apparatus for displaying information from at least one information source, the information being arranged, labeled or indexed to define a hierarchical information structure, the apparatus comprising: a display controller for displaying information and user selectable menu items on at least one display, each menu item corresponding to a node of the information hierarchy or to information in the at least one information source. The display controller is configured such that during said navigation, in response to a user selection of a menu item from either one of the first or second display areas, a sub-set of menu items corresponding to sub-nodes and/or information in the information hierarchy at the level of the hierarchy below said selected menu item is displayed in the other of the second or first display areas.
Abstract:
A hand held device for displaying information, the hand held device comprising: at least one information store storing information, the information being indexed or arranged by an indexing scheme or arrangement that defines an information hierarchy; a display for displaying information retrieved from said information store, and user selectable menu items corresponding to information available from said information store; a user input device for receiving user selections of displayed menu items; and a display controller for controlling said display to display at least a currently selected menu item from any level of the hierarchy in a first area and information corresponding to the currently selected menu item in a second area separate from the first area, and for displaying further menu items corresponding to a level in the hierarchy in said second area to replace at least a part of the displayed information when a user selection of a menu item from said first area is received, and overwriting the further menu items in the second area when a user selection of one of the further menu items in the second area is received, to display information in the second area corresponding to said user selection.
Abstract:
A hydrogenated SiOC thin film fabrication method includes supplying bis-trimethylsilylmethane and oxygen retaining gas to a wafer installed inside a reaction channel through one supply pipe, simultaneously or sequentially supplying hydrogen to the wafer through another supply pipe, applying RF power in the range of 100 W˜2000 W while supplying those gases and generating a plasma of those gases. During a post process such as oxygen ashing, carbon loss of SiOC film is minimized due to the supplied hydrogen.
Abstract:
A plasma process chamber is monitored for excess current while fabricating a semiconductor device. The method includes grounding the plasma process chamber in which fabricating a semiconductor device is conducted using a plasma; detecting a current flowing in a ground line from the plasma process chamber to the ground; interpreting whether the detected current is more than a reference value during fabricating the semiconductor device; and deciding that the plasma process chamber is in an abnormal state when the detected current is more than the reference value. It is thereby possible to produce more stable plasma and the operation of the plasma process chamber is stabilized. Further, the expected life span of the plasma process chamber and other devices is enlarged, and the risk of injuring the operator is prevented.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for managing a dynamic bandwidth allocation to support a low-power mode, in a passive optical network (PON) are provided. The apparatus may include a power saving mode managing unit to manage a power saving mode of at least one optical network unit (ONU), a bandwidth allocation parameter storage unit to store a bandwidth allocation parameter used for a power saving mode, and to maintain the stored bandwidth allocation parameter, and a dynamic bandwidth allocating unit to provide bandwidth allocation information to the at least one ONU, when the stored bandwidth allocation parameter is received.
Abstract:
An optical subscriber network for power reduction is provided. The optical subscriber network may include an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and an Optical Network Terminal (ONT). The OLT may manage a plurality of ONTs by classifying the plurality of ONTs into a sleep group, and may multicast a sleep allowance message only to ONTs included in a predetermined sleep group.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a seven steps learning study book of Ruah education includes a plurality of volumes having twelve learning themes related attentiveness, positive attitude, joyfulness, caring, gratefulness, obedience, patience, responsibility, self-control, creativity, honesty, wisdom; wherein the each volume of the learning theme divided into ‘open step’, ‘step 1’, and ‘step 2’, which enables selective learning corresponding to the age of the learner. The each volume of the learning theme includes a first step of Thinking time page 111, a second step of Story time page 112, a third step of Imagine time page 113, a fourth step of Action time page 114, a fifth step of Build-up time page 115, a sixth step of Sharing time page 116, and a seventh step of a Repetitive education page 117.
Abstract:
A highly integrated semiconductor memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of vertical pillars above the substrate, a plurality of connection lines extending over the vertical pillars, a plurality of lower via plugs provided above the vertical pillars and connecting the vertical pillars to the connection lines, a dummy connection line provided at a same level as the connection lines with respect to a main surface of the substrate, and a dummy via plug connected to a lower surface of the dummy connection line and having a different height than each of the lower via plugs. The vertical pillars, the connection lines, the lower via plugs are provided in a cell region, and the dummy connection line and the dummy via plug are provided in a dummy region.