公开(公告)号：US09398314B2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-19

申请号：US12026534

申请日：2008-02-05

Applicant: Walid Ali ,  Shankar Regunathan ,  Guo-Wei Shieh ,  Bruce Lin ,  Bharath Siravara ,  Ce Wang

Inventor： Walid Ali ,  Shankar Regunathan ,  Guo-Wei Shieh ,  Bruce Lin ,  Bharath Siravara ,  Ce Wang

IPC: H04N7/12 ,  H04N19/85

CPC classification number: H04N19/85

Abstract: Architecture for enhancing the compression (e.g., luma, chroma) of a video signal and improving the perceptual quality of the video compression schemes. The architecture operates to reshape the normal multimodal energy distribution of the input video signal to a new energy distribution. In the context of luma, the algorithm maps the black and white (or contrast) information of a picture to a new energy distribution. For example, the contrast can be enhanced in the middle range of the luma spectrum, thereby improving the contrast between a light foreground object and a dark background. At the same time, the algorithm reduces the bit-rate requirements at a particular quantization step size. The algorithm can be utilized also in post-processing to improve the quality of decoded video.

Abstract translation: 用于增强视频信号的压缩（例如，亮度，色度）并提高视频压缩方案的感知质量的体系结构。 该架构用于将输入视频信号的正常多模态能量分布重新形成新的能量分布。 在亮度的上下文中，该算法将图像的黑白（或对比）信息映射到新的能量分布。 例如，可以在亮度光谱的中间范围内增强对比度，从而改善光前景物体和暗背景之间的对比度。 同时，该算法降低了特定量化步长的比特率要求。 该算法也可用于后处理，以提高解码视频的质量。

公开(公告)号：US20090213933A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-27

申请号：US12037925

申请日：2008-02-26

Applicant: Peter X. Zuo ,  Bruce Lin ,  Bharath Siravara ,  Walid Ali

Inventor： Peter X. Zuo ,  Bruce Lin ,  Bharath Siravara ,  Walid Ali

IPC: H04N11/02 ,  G06K9/36 ,  H04B1/66 ,  G06K9/46

CPC classification number: H04N19/00684 ,  H04N19/139 ,  H04N19/513 ,  H04N19/82 ,  H04N19/85

Abstract: Architecture that employs texture sensitive temporal filtering to reuse motion estimation information in a realtime encoder. The temporal filter is applied for classified static areas. The architecture reuses the motion estimation results on motion vectors, cost estimates (e.g., sum of absolute difference (SAD)), and edge awareness texture information to apply the temporal filter on the current picture. Filtering can be applied at the pixel level, block level or macroblock level.

Abstract translation: 采用纹理敏感时间滤波的结构在实时编码器中重用运动估计信息。 时间滤波器被应用于分类的静态区域。 该架构重新使用关于运动矢量的运动估计结果，成本估计（例如，绝对差的总和（SAD））和边缘感知纹理信息以将时间滤波器应用于当前图像。 可以在像素级，块级或宏块级应用滤波。

公开(公告)号：US20080050629A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-28

申请号：US11843278

申请日：2007-08-22

Applicant: Bruce Lin ,  Alfred Wong

Inventor： Bruce Lin ,  Alfred Wong

IPC: H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

CPC classification number: H01M8/0228 ,  H01M8/0265 ,  H01M8/0267 ,  H01M8/04074 ,  H01M8/241 ,  H01M2008/1095

Abstract: An apparatus and method for managing cooling characteristics of a fuel cell stack in distinct regions thereof, the fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells, each fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), at least one flow field plate interposed between the MEAs of adjacent fuel cells, the flow field plates forming coolant flow field channels on a side of the flow field plates opposing the MEAs and reactant flow field channels on a side of the flow field plates adjacent the MEAs, comprises selectively isolating two distinct volumes in each coolant flow field channel, for example via at least one fluid-tight dividing member, and circulating and/or sealing at least two fluids respectively having distinct characteristics in distinct volumes of the coolant flow field channels to variably manage a rate of cooling in distinct regions of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract translation: 一种用于管理其不同区域中的燃料电池堆的冷却特性的装置和方法，所述燃料电池堆具有多个燃料电池，每个燃料电池包括膜电极组件（MEA），至少一个流场板，介于 相邻燃料电池的MEA，在与MEA相对的流场板一侧的流场板和在邻近MEA的流场板侧的反应物流场通道形成冷却剂流场通道的流场板包括选择性地隔离 每个冷却剂流场通道，例如经由至少一个流体密封分隔构件，并且循环和/或密封至少两个流体，其分别具有不同体积的冷却剂流场通道的不同特征，以可变地管理不同的冷却速率 燃料电池堆的区域。

公开(公告)号：US20050175875A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-11

申请号：US10936461

申请日：2004-09-08

Applicant: Amy Nelson ,  Bruce Lin ,  Joy Roberts ,  Uwe Limbeck ,  Craig Louie ,  Peter Bach

Inventor： Amy Nelson ,  Bruce Lin ,  Joy Roberts ,  Uwe Limbeck ,  Craig Louie ,  Peter Bach

IPC: H01M8/04

CPC classification number: H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04225 ,  H01M8/04302 ,  H01M2300/0082

Abstract: Improvements in startup time for an electrochemical fuel cell system from freezing and sub-freezing temperatures may be observed by minimizing the coolant volume in the coolant subsystem. In particular, this may be accomplished by having a two pump—dual loop cooling subsystem. During startup, one pump directs coolant through a startup coolant loop and after either the fuel cell stack or the coolant temperature reaches a predetermined threshold value, coolant from a main or standard coolant loop is then directed to the fuel cell stack. In an embodiment, coolant from the standard loop mixes with coolant in the startup loop after the predetermined threshold temperature is reached.

公开(公告)号：US20110070511A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-24

申请号：US12956226

申请日：2010-11-30

Applicant: Amy E. Nelson ,  Bruce Lin ,  Joy A. Roberts ,  Uwe M. Limbeck ,  Craig R. Louie ,  Peter J. Bach

Inventor： Amy E. Nelson ,  Bruce Lin ,  Joy A. Roberts ,  Uwe M. Limbeck ,  Craig R. Louie ,  Peter J. Bach

IPC: H01M8/04

CPC classification number: H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04225 ,  H01M8/04302 ,  H01M2300/0082

Abstract: Improvements in startup time for an electrochemical fuel cell system from freezing and sub-freezing temperatures may be observed by minimizing the coolant volume in the coolant subsystem. In particular, this may be accomplished by having a two pump—dual loop cooling subsystem. During startup, one pump directs coolant through a startup coolant loop and after either the fuel cell stack or the coolant temperature reaches a predetermined threshold value, coolant from a main or standard coolant loop is then directed to the fuel cell stack. In an embodiment, coolant from the standard loop mixes with coolant in the startup loop after the predetermined threshold temperature is reached.

Abstract translation: 通过最小化冷却剂子系统中的冷却剂体积可以观察到从冷冻和低温温度对电化学燃料电池系统的启动时间的改进。 特别地，这可以通过具有两个泵 - 双回路冷却子系统来实现。 在启动期间，一个泵将冷却剂引导通过启动冷却剂回路，并且在燃料电池堆或冷却剂温度达到预定阈值之后，来自主或标准冷却剂回路的冷却剂然后被引导到燃料电池堆。 在一个实施例中，在达到预定阈值温度之后，来自标准回路的冷却剂与起动回路中的冷却剂混合。

公开(公告)号：US07534511B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

申请号：US11472819

申请日：2006-06-21

Applicant: Bruce Lin

Inventor： Bruce Lin

IPC: H01M8/04

CPC classification number: H01M8/04268 ,  H01M8/04007 ,  H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/0432 ,  H01M8/04365 ,  H01M8/04768 ,  H01M8/04955 ,  H01M16/003 ,  H01M2008/1095

Abstract: Improvements in startup time for an electrochemical fuel cell system from freezing and sub-freezing temperatures are obtained by utilizing an insulated fuel cell stack in combination with an thermal control subsystem. Temperature of the insulated electrochemical fuel cell stack, as well as temperature of the ambient environment, are monitored and a heating fluid is heated by thermal transfer with the environment under appropriate thermal conditions. The heated fluid is then passed to the insulated fuel cell in order to increase the temperature of the same, typically to a temperature at or near the temperature of the ambient environment. In this manner, ambient heat from the environment is utilized to increase the temperature of the insulated fuel cell stack, thus improving conditions for subsequent cold start of the insulated fuel cell stack.

Abstract translation: 通过利用与热控制子系统组合的绝缘燃料电池堆，可获得从冷冻和低温温度获得的电化学燃料电池系统的启动时间的改进。 监测绝缘电化学燃料电池堆的温度以及周围环境的温度，并通过在适当的热条件下与环境的热转移来加热加热流体。 然后将加热的流体传递到绝缘燃料电池，以便将其温度通常升高到等于或接近周围环境温度的温度。 以这种方式，利用来自环境的环境热量来提高隔热燃料电池堆的温度，从而改善隔热燃料电池堆随后的冷起动的条件。

公开(公告)号：US20070243428A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-18

申请号：US11288972

申请日：2005-11-29

Applicant: Christopher Richards ,  Bruce Lin

Inventor： Christopher Richards ,  Bruce Lin

IPC: H01M8/04

CPC classification number: H01M8/0491 ,  H01M8/04253 ,  H01M8/0432 ,  H01M8/04365 ,  H01M8/04708 ,  H01M8/04753

Abstract: A method of commencing operation of an electrochemical fuel cell stack from freeze-start conditions is disclosed. The method comprises detecting the temperature of the electrochemical fuel cell stack, detecting the temperature of the ambient environment, and, if the temperature of the electrochemical fuel cell stack is below the freezing temperature of water, (i) supplying fuel and oxidant reactant streams to the electrochemical fuel cell stack, wherein the temperature of at least one reactant stream is above the temperature of the ambient environment, and (ii) drawing electric current from the electrochemical fuel cell stack.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种从冷冻启动条件开始电化学燃料电池堆的操作的方法。 该方法包括检测电化学燃料电池堆的温度，检测周围环境的温度，并且如果电化学燃料电池堆的温度低于水的冷冻温度，则（i）将燃料和氧化剂反应物流供应到 所述电化学燃料电池堆，其中至少一个反应物流的温度高于周围环境的温度，和（ii）从所述电化学燃料电池堆中抽出电流。

公开(公告)号：US20050287402A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-29

申请号：US10876267

申请日：2004-06-23

Applicant: Douglas Maly ,  Bruce Lin

Inventor： Douglas Maly ,  Bruce Lin

IPC: H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10

CPC classification number: H01M8/04291 ,  H01M8/04492 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04567 ,  H01M8/04597 ,  H01M8/04649 ,  H01M8/04828 ,  H01M8/04992 ,  H01M2008/1095

Abstract: A ripple voltage, caused by a voltage inverter, is superimposed on an output voltage provided by a fuel cell stack. This ripple voltage is sensed and used to determine an AC impedance of the fuel cell stack. The determined AC impedance can be correlated to a hydration state of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract translation: 由电压逆变器引起的纹波电压叠加在由燃料电池堆提供的输出电压上。 该纹波电压被感测并用于确定燃料电池堆的AC阻抗。 所确定的AC阻抗可以与燃料电池堆的水合状态相关。

公开(公告)号：US20050013500A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-20

申请号：US10623195

申请日：2003-07-18

Applicant: Ming-Chieh Lee ,  Bruce Lin ,  Pohsiang Hsu ,  Thomas Holcomb

Inventor： Ming-Chieh Lee ,  Bruce Lin ,  Pohsiang Hsu ,  Thomas Holcomb

IPC: G06K9/36 ,  G06K9/38 ,  H04N7/26

CPC classification number: H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/124 ,  H04N19/137 ,  H04N19/176

Abstract: With intelligent differential quantization, a video codec intelligently quantizes video at differing strength levels within a frame, such as on a macroblock (MB) or a group of MB basis. This allows the codec to control bit usage on a finer granularity than a frame to meet hardware constraints, as well as providing perceptual optimization by coarsely quantizing unimportant regions, while finely quantizing important regions within a frame. The intelligent differential quantization uses motion information gathered from encoding and analysis of the video to classify the importance of different regions of the image, and quantizes the regions accordingly. In addition, the intelligent differential quantization include efficient signaling of information as to the differential quantization strengths in the compressed bit stream.

Abstract translation: 通过智能差分量化，视频编解码器在帧内以不同的强度水平智能量化视频，例如在宏块（MB）或一组基于MB的基础上。 这允许编解码器以比帧更精细的粒度来控制比特使用以满足硬件约束，以及通过粗略量化不重要区域来提供感知优化，同时精细量化帧内的重要区域。 智能差分量化使用从视频的编码和分析中收集的运动信息来分类图像的不同区域的重要性，并且相应地量化该区域。 此外，智能差分量化包括关于压缩比特流中的差分量化强度的信息的有效信令。

公开(公告)号：US20050013497A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-20

申请号：US10622284

申请日：2003-07-18

Applicant: Pohsiang Hsu ,  Bruce Lin ,  Thomas Holcomb ,  Kunal Mukerjee ,  Sridhar Srinivasan

Inventor： Pohsiang Hsu ,  Bruce Lin ,  Thomas Holcomb ,  Kunal Mukerjee ,  Sridhar Srinivasan

IPC: G06K9/36 ,  G06K9/46 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/46 ,  H04N7/50

CPC classification number: H04N19/577 ,  H04N19/102 ,  H04N19/107 ,  H04N19/136 ,  H04N19/16 ,  H04N19/18 ,  H04N19/186 ,  H04N19/46 ,  H04N19/52 ,  H04N19/61

Abstract: Techniques and tools for encoding and decoding video images (e.g., interlaced frames) are described. For example, a video encoder or decoder processes 4:1:1 format macroblocks comprising four 8×8 luminance blocks and four 4×8 chrominance blocks. In another aspect, fields in field-coded macroblocks are coded independently of one another (e.g., by sending encoded blocks in field order). Other aspects include DC/AC prediction techniques and motion vector prediction techniques for interlaced frames.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于编码和解码视频图像（例如，隔行扫描帧）的技术和工具。 例如，视频编码器或解码器处理包括四个8×8亮度块和四个4×8色度块的4:1:1格式宏块。 在另一方面，字段编码宏块中的字段彼此独立地被编码（例如，通过以现场顺序发送编码的块）。 其他方面包括用于交错帧的DC / AC预测技术和运动矢量预测技术。