公开(公告)号：US20140336418A1

公开(公告)日：2014-11-13

申请号：US14322037

申请日：2014-07-02

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC.

Inventor： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mukund Karanjikar

IPC: C10L1/02

CPC classification number: C25B9/08 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/09 ,  C07C51/41 ,  C07C51/412 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B3/02 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20 ,  C07C59/185 ,  C07C53/126 ,  C07C59/125

Abstract: Hydrocarbons may be formed from six carbon sugars. This process involves obtaining a quantity of a hexose sugar. The hexose sugar may be derived from biomass. The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal levulinate, an alkali metal valerate, an alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or an alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. An anolyte is then prepared for use in a electrolytic cell. The anolyte contains the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. The anolyte is then decarboxylated. This decarboxylating operates to decarboxylate the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate to form radicals, wherein the radicals react to form a hydrocarbon fuel compound.

Abstract translation: 碳氢化合物可以由六个碳糖形成。 该方法包括获得一定量的己糖。 己糖可以来自生物质。 使己糖反应形成碱金属乙酰丙酸盐，碱金属戊酸盐，碱金属5-羟基戊酸盐或碱金属5-烷氧基戊酸盐。 然后制备用于电解池的阳极电解液。 阳极电解液含有乙酰丙酸碱金属盐，碱金属戊酸盐，碱金属5-羟基戊酸盐或碱金属5-烷氧基戊酸盐。 然后将阳极电解液脱羧。 该脱羧作用使碱金属乙酰丙酸盐，碱金属戊酸盐，碱金属5-羟基戊酸盐或碱金属5-烷氧基戊酸酯脱羧，形成自由基，其中自由基反应形成烃燃料化合物。

公开(公告)号：US08853463B2

公开(公告)日：2014-10-07

申请号：US13717129

申请日：2012-12-17

Applicant: Ceramatec, Inc.

Inventor： Mukund Karanjikar ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC: C07C45/41 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C07C45/57

CPC classification number: C07C45/57 ,  C25B3/02

Abstract: Ketones, specifically Methyl ethyl ketone (“MEK”) and octanedione, may be formed from six carbon sugars. This process involves obtaining a quantity of a six carbon sugar and then reacting the sugar to form levulinic acid and formic acid. The levulinic acid and formic acid are then converted to an alkali metal levulinate and an alkali metal formate (such as, for example, sodium levulinate and sodium formate.) The alkali metal levulinate is placed in an anolyte along with hydrogen gas that is used in an electrolytic cell. The alkali metal levulinate within the anolyte is decarboxylated to form MEK radicals, wherein the MEK radicals react with hydrogen gas to form MEK, or MEK radicals react with each other to form octanedione. The alkali metal formate may also be decarboxylated in the cell, thereby forming hydrogen radicals that react with the MEK radicals to form MEK.

Abstract translation: 酮可以由六个碳糖形成，特别是甲基乙基酮（“MEK”）和辛二酮。 该方法包括获得一定量的六碳糖，然后使糖反应形成乙酰丙酸和甲酸。 然后将乙酰丙酸和甲酸转化为乙酰丙酸碱金属盐和碱金属甲酸盐（例如乙酰丙酸钠和甲酸钠）。将碱金属乙酰丙酸盐与氢气一起放入阳极电解液中，氢气用于 电解池。 阳极电解液中的乙醇酸碱金属脱羧形成MEK自由基，其中MEK自由基与氢气反应形成MEK，或MEK自由基相互反应形成辛二酮。 碱金属甲酸盐也可以在细胞中脱羧，从而形成与MEK自由基反应形成MEK的氢自由基。

公开(公告)号：US20140251821A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US14206981

申请日：2014-03-12

Applicant: Ceramatec, Inc.

Inventor： Sai Bhavaraju ,  James Mosby ,  Patrick McGuire ,  Mukund Karanjikar ,  Daniel Taggart ,  Jacob Staley

IPC: C25B3/00 ,  C25B9/10 ,  C25B9/06 ,  C07C29/32 ,  C07C1/207

CPC classification number: C25B3/10 ,  C07C1/2078 ,  C07C29/32 ,  C07C51/412 ,  C10G3/00 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10G2300/44 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B15/08 ,  Y02P30/20

Abstract: Methods, equipment, and reagents for preparing organic compounds using custom electrolytes based on different ionic liquids in electrolytic decarboxylation reactions are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了在电解脱羧反应中使用基于不同离子液体的定制电解质制备有机化合物的方法，设备和试剂。

公开(公告)号：US10153517B2

公开(公告)日：2018-12-11

申请号：US14824500

申请日：2015-08-12

Applicant: SK Innovation Co., Ltd. ,  Ceramatec, Inc.

Inventor： JeHyun Chae ,  JeongSoo Kim ,  JongSeon Kim ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC: H01M10/00 ,  H01M10/0568 ,  H01M10/0569 ,  H01M10/39

Abstract: Provided is a sodium secondary battery including: an anode containing sodium; a cathode containing sulfur; a cathode electrolyte solution being in contact with the cathode and capable of conducting sodium ions into and from a solid electrolyte membrane; and a solid electrolyte separating the anode and the cathode electrolyte solution and having sodium ion conductivity. The sodium secondary battery of the present invention overcomes the problems of thermal management and heat sealing due to a high operating temperature, possessed by the existing sodium-sulfur battery or sodium-nickel chloride battery (so called, a ZEBRA battery), and may achieve high a charge and discharge mechanism characteristic.

公开(公告)号：US20170137950A1

公开(公告)日：2017-05-18

申请号：US15356235

申请日：2016-11-18

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC.

Inventor： Sai Bhavaraju

IPC: C25B1/00 ,  H01G9/20 ,  C25B13/04 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B9/08

CPC classification number: C25B1/003 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/16 ,  C25B1/24 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B13/04 ,  C25B15/08 ,  H01G9/20 ,  Y02E10/542 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: Electrochemical systems and methods for producing hydrogen. Generally, the systems and methods involve providing an electrochemical cell that includes an anolyte compartment holding a photo anode in contact with an anolyte, wherein the anolyte includes an alkali metal iodide. The photo anode includes anode components of a dye-sensitized solar cell. The cell further includes a catholyte compartment holding a cathode in contact with a catholyte that includes a substance that reduces to form hydrogen. Additionally, the cell includes an alkali cation conductive membrane that separates the anolyte compartment from the catholyte compartment. As the photo anode is irradiated, iodide ions are oxidized to form molecular iodine or triiodide ions and electrons pass to the cathode form hydrogen. Apparatus and methods to regenerate the alkali metal iodide are disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US09553337B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-24

申请号：US14555852

申请日：2014-11-28

Applicant: SK Innovation Co., Ltd. ,  Ceramatec, Inc.

Inventor： Je Hyun Chae ,  Won Sang Koh ,  Seung Ok Lee ,  Dai In Park ,  Jeong Soo Kim ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mathew Richard Robins ,  Alexis L. Eccleston ,  Ashok V. Joshi

IPC: H01M4/58 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M4/38

CPC classification number: H01M10/399 ,  H01M4/381 ,  H01M2300/0054

Abstract: Provided is a sodium secondary battery capable of operating at a low temperature. More particularly, the sodium secondary battery according to the present invention includes: an anode containing sodium; a cathode containing a transition metal and an alkali metal halide; and a sodium ion conductive solid electrolyte provided between the anode and the cathode, wherein the cathode is impregnated in a molten salt electrolyte containing a sodium.metal halogen salt including at least two kinds of halogens.

Abstract translation: 提供能够在低温下操作的钠二次电池。 更具体地，根据本发明的钠二次电池包括：含钠的阳极; 含有过渡金属和碱金属卤化物的阴极; 以及设置在阳极和阴极之间的钠离子传导性固体电解质，其中阴极浸渍在包含至少两种卤素的钠金属卤素盐的熔融盐电解质中。

公开(公告)号：US09537179B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-03

申请号：US14496509

申请日：2014-09-25

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC.

Inventor： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Mathew Robins ,  Alexis Eccleston

IPC: H01M4/24 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/58

CPC classification number: H01M10/399 ,  H01M4/381 ,  H01M4/582 ,  H01M2300/0074

Abstract: An intermediate temperature molten sodium-metal halide rechargeable battery utilizes a molten eutectic mixture of sodium haloaluminate salts having a relatively low melting point that enables the battery to operate at substantially lower temperature compared to the traditional ZEBRA battery system and utilize a highly conductive NaSICON solid electrolyte membrane. The positive electrode comprises a mixture of NaX and MX, where X is a halogen selected from Cl, Br and I and M is a metal selected Ni, Fe, and Zn. The positive electrode is disposed in a mixed molten salt positive electrolyte comprising at least two salts that can be represented by the formula NaAlX′4-δX″δ, where 0

Abstract translation: 中间温度熔融的钠 - 金属卤化物可再充电电池利用具有相对低熔点的卤化铝酸盐的熔融共晶混合物，其使得电池能够在与传统的ZEBRA电池系统相比更低的温度下工作，并且使用高导电性的NaSICON固体电解质 膜。 正极包括NaX和MX的混合物，其中X是选自Cl，Br和I的卤素，M是选自Ni，Fe和Zn的金属。 将正极配置在包含至少两种可由式NaAlX'4-δX“δ表示的盐的混合熔融盐正电解质中，其中0 <δ<4，其中X'和X”是选自以下的不同卤素 Cl，Br和I.正极可以包括以NaX:NaAlX'4-δX“δ的1:1至3:1的摩尔比添加的另外的NaX。

公开(公告)号：US20140356654A1

公开(公告)日：2014-12-04

申请号：US14292130

申请日：2014-05-30

Applicant: Ceramatec, Inc.

Inventor： Sai Bhavaraju

IPC: H01M4/38

CPC classification number: H01M4/381 ,  H01M2/40 ,  H01M4/134 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/056 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M10/615 ,  H01M10/66 ,  H01M2220/20 ,  H01M2300/0045 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  Y02E60/122

Abstract: A hybrid battery with a sodium anode is designed for use at a range of temperatures where the sodium is solid and where the sodium is molten. When the battery is at colder temperatures or when the vehicle is idle and needs to be “started,” the anode will be solid sodium metal. At the same time, the battery is designed such that, once the electric vehicle has been “started” and operated for a short period of time, heat is directed to the battery to melt the solid sodium anode into a molten form. In other words, the hybrid battery operates under temperature conditions where the sodium is solid and under temperature conditions where the sodium is molten.

Abstract translation: 具有钠阳极的混合电池被设计用于在钠是固体并且钠熔融的温度范围内使用。 当电池处于较冷的温度或车辆闲置并需要“启动”时，阳极将是固体钠金属。 同时，电池被设计成使得一旦电动车辆“启动”并且在短时间内运行，则将热量导向电池以将固体钠阳极熔化成熔融形式。 换句话说，混合电池在钠是固体的温度条件下和在钠熔融的温度条件下运行。

公开(公告)号：US20140170443A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-19

申请号：US14072468

申请日：2013-11-05

Applicant: Ceramatec, Inc.

Inventor： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Mathew Robins ,  Chett Boxley

IPC: H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/0562

CPC classification number: H01M10/4235 ,  H01M4/368 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M10/3918 ,  H01M2300/0074

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical cell having an negative electrode compartment and a positive electrode compartment. A solid alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane is positioned between the negative electrode compartment and the positive electrode compartment. A catholyte solution in the positive electrode compartment includes a halide ion or pseudohalide ion concentration greater than 3M, which provides degradation protection to the alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane. The halide ion or pseudohalide ion is selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, azide, thiocyanate, and cyanide. In some embodiments, the electrochemical cell is a molten sodium rechargeable cell which functions at an operating temperature between about 100° C. and about 150° C.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供具有负电极室和正电极室的电化学电池。 固体碱离子传导性电解质膜位于负极室和正极室之间。 正电极室中的阴极电解液包含大于3M的卤离子或拟卤化物离子浓度，其为碱离子导电电解质膜提供降解保护。 卤离子或拟卤离子选自氯化物，溴化物，碘化物，叠氮化物，硫氰酸盐和氰化物。 在一些实施方案中，电化学电池是在约100℃至约150℃的操作温度下起作用的熔融钠可再充电电池。

公开(公告)号：US20140154766A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14098000

申请日：2013-12-05

Applicant: Ceramatec, Inc

Inventor： Mukund Karanjikar ,  Sai Bhavaraju ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Pallavi Chitta ,  David Joel Hunt

IPC: C10G3/00 ,  C25B3/00

CPC classification number: C10G3/40 ,  C10G3/45 ,  C10G3/47 ,  C10G3/50 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/44 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C12P7/54 ,  C25B3/00 ,  C25B3/10 ,  C25B9/08 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P30/20

Abstract: A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

Abstract translation: 从生物质产生偶联的自由基产物的方法。 该方法包括从生物质获得脂质或羧酸物质。 该材料可以是羧酸，羧酸的酯，羧酸的甘油三酸酯，或羧酸的金属盐，或任何其它的脂肪酸衍生物。 将该脂质物质或羧酸物质转化为碱金属盐。 然后将碱金属盐用作阳极电解液作为电解池的一部分。 电解池可以包括碱离子传导膜（例如NaSICON膜）。 当电池操作时，羧酸的碱金属盐脱羧并形成自由基。 然后将这些基团与其它基团键合，由此产生偶联的基团产物如烃。 取决于起始原料，生成的烃可以是例如饱和的，不饱和的，支链的或非支链的。