Abstract:
An electrode or electrode material or catalyst or catalyst material. The material includes an electrically conducting 3-dimensional (3-D) matrix comprising a plurality of porous regions; an active material, and optionally, a carbon conductivity aid, where the active material is disposed in and/or on at least a portion of the porous regions of the electrically conducting 3-D matrix. The electrode or electrode material or catalyst or catalyst material may be made by contacting an electrically conducting 3-D matrix with additive material dispersed thereon with a liquid. An electrochemical device may comprise the electrode or electrode material or catalyst or catalyst material.
Abstract:
An aluminum ion battery includes an aluminum anode, a vanadium oxide material cathode and an ionic liquid electrolyte. In particular, the vanadium oxide material cathode comprises a monocrystalline orthorhombic vanadium oxide material. The aluminum ion battery has an enhanced electrical storage capacity. A metal sulfide material may alternatively or additionally be included in the cathode.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to nano structures of metal oxides having a nanostructured shell (or wall), and an internal space or void. Nanostructures may be nanoparticles, nanorod/belts/arrays, nanotubes, nanodisks, nanoboxes, hollow nanospheres, and mesoporous structures, among other nanostructures. The nanostructures are composed of polycrystalline metal, oxides such as SnO2. The nanostructures may have concentric walls which surround the internal space of cavity. There may be two or more concentric shells or walls. The internal space may contain a core such ferric oxides or other materials which have functional properties. The invention also provides for a novel, inexpensive, high-yield method for mass production of hollow metal oxide nanostructures. The method may be template free or contain a template such as silica. The nanostructures prepared by the methods of the invention provide for improved cycling performance when tested using rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Abstract:
Anodes and anode materials, methods of making anodes and anode materials, and devices. The anode and anode materials comprise an electrically conducting three-dimensional (3-D) matrix, for example, an electrically conducting 3-D carbon matrix or a metal foam, comprising a plurality of chemical bonding groups disposed on a surface of the electrically conducting 3-D matrix or metal foam. The chemical bonding groups can form chemical bond(s) with an electrochemically-deposited electrochemically active metal. The electrochemically-deposited electrochemically active metal can have desirable propert(ies), such as, for example, no observable discontinuities, isolated (orphaned) deposits, or both. An anode or anode material may be formed by functionalizing an electrically conducting 3-D matrix, which may be functionalized. A functionalized electrically conducting 3-D matrix may be formed in a device. A device, such as, for example,. a battery, a supercapacitor, a fuel cell, an electrolyzer, or an electrolytic cell, comprises one or more anode(s) or anode material(s).
Abstract:
Hybrid electrodes for batteries are disclosed having a protective electrochemically active layer on a metal layer. Other hybrid electrodes include a silicon salt on a metal electrode. The protective layer can be formed directly from the reaction between the metal electrode and a metal salt in a pre-treatment solution and/or from a reaction of the metal salt added in an electrolyte so that the protective layer can be formed in situ during battery formation cycles.
Abstract:
A sodium-ion conducting (e.g., sodium-sulfur) battery, which can be rechargeable, comprising a microporous host-sulfur composite cathode as described herein or a liquid electrolyte comprising a liquid electrolyte solvent and a liquid electrolyte salt or electrolyte additive as described herein or a combination thereof. The batteries can be used in devices such as, for example, battery packs.
Abstract:
Conducting coatings disposed on a metal member. The conducting coatings may have a desired texture and provide homoepitaxial or heteroepitaxial coating of an electrodeposited layer. A conducting coating may be formed by applying a shear force during deposition of the conducting coating. The conducting coatings may be used in anodes of various electrochemical devices. A conducting coating, which may be part of an electrochemical device, may have an electrochemically deposited layer disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the conducting coating. The electrochemically deposited layer may be reversibly electrochemically deposited.
Abstract:
Organized materials on a substrate. The organized materials are monolayer(s) of close-packed nanoparticles and/or microparticles. The organized materials can be formed by transfer of one or more monolayers to a substrate from a coating composition on which a monolayer of close-packed nanoparticles and/or microparticles is formed. Organized materials on a substrate can be used in devices such as, for example, batteries, capacitors, and wearable electronics.
Abstract:
A sodium-ion conducting (e.g., sodium-sulfur) battery, which can be rechargeable, comprising a microporous host-sulfur composite cathode as described herein or a liquid electrolyte comprising a liquid electrolyte solvent and a liquid electrolyte salt or electrolyte additive as described herein or a combination thereof. The batteries can be used in devices such as, for example, battery packs.
Abstract:
Sulfur containing nanoparticles that may be used within cathode electrodes within lithium ion batteries include in a first instance porous carbon shape materials (i.e., either nanoparticle shapes or “bulk” shapes that are subsequently ground to nanoparticle shapes) that are infused with a sulfur material. A synthetic route to these carbon and sulfur containing nanoparticles may use a template nanoparticle to form a hollow carbon shape shell, and subsequent dissolution of the template nanoparticle prior to infusion of the hollow carbon shape shell with a sulfur material. Sulfur infusion into other porous carbon shapes that are not hollow is also contemplated. A second type of sulfur containing nanoparticle includes a metal oxide material core upon which is located a shell layer that includes a vulcanized polymultiene polymer material and ion conducting polymer material. The foregoing sulfur containing nanoparticle materials provide the electrodes and lithium ion batteries with enhanced performance.