摘要:
A method and an apparatus for reading passive tags affixed to objects to be identified and tracked by a radio frequency identification system are disclosed. An interrogating station sends radio-frequency inquiry signals toward the passive tags through an antenna array and receives the response signals from the tags through the same array. Electronic circuitry for processing such response signals has a phase conjugator submitting each received signal to phase conjugation, and the phase-conjugated signals are back transmitted to the passive tags. Retrodirectivity of the antenna array obtained through the phase conjugation allows a precise object identification and tracking also at relatively long distances.
摘要:
To manufacture polarization-maintaining optical fibers, a fiber is directly and continuously irradiated with at least one beam of UV radiation during drawing and before application of external coatings.
摘要:
A method and device are provided for measuring the viscoelastic characteristics of polymeric coatings of optical fibers directed on a coated fiber. The ends of the fiber are inserted into a pair of clamps which are shaped in such a way as to hold the coating without tearing it and to allow it to slide longitudinally over the fiber. The clamps impart a relative oscillating motion to the coating creating a longitudinal tensile stress of periodically varying intensity. The clamps and their support are part of a rheometer which measures the opposing stress and processes the stress data to give the desired characteristics.
摘要:
A device for the correlation between optical beams having spatially modulated intensities has an active glass window, which on one side is illuminated at the same time by a reading and a pumping beam through one or a plurality of semitransparent mirrors. The reading beam has radiations with a wavelength equal to that of a transition between an intermediate and fundamental energy level. The pump beam has radiations with a wavelength corresponding to the energy of the highest power level of the material forming the active glass, obtaining on the other side of the window a light beam representing the correlation betwen the pumping and reading beams.
摘要:
The distributed temperature sensor employs an optical fiber as sensing element located in an ambient or near a body of which the temperature is to be monitored or measured. A source of light pulses sends into the fiber, pulses of predetermined duration. The backscattered radiation is collected for each pulse and the frequency spectrum variations in the backscattered radiation with respect to the incident radiation are analyzed. A computer obtains the temperature from said variations. The source and the spectrum variation analyzer are part of an optical time domain reflectometer which allows the temperature information to be associated with the information on the position of the backscattering point along the fiber.
摘要:
A drum for winding up filamentary material, such as optical fibers, has a generally cylindrical unitary flangeless hollow body of airtight and somewhat resilient polymeric material inflated under a fractional gauge pressure through a valve in one of its end walls. A bore in each end wall, centered on the cylinder axis, enables the drum to be coupled with a driving mechanism.
摘要:
An optical spectroscopy system, wherein a pulse of a radiation to be analyzed is sent to a diffractive element presenting high temporal chromatic dispersion, and information relevant to the radiation spectrum is obtained from pulse broadening in the time domain.
摘要:
An electrooptic deflector composed of a plate made of a material with a refractive index which can be modified by the application of an electrical field, whereinto a collimated optical beam can be injected in direction parallel to the electrodes deposited on a plate face. Said electrodes are parallel to one another, equally-spaced and separately connected to voltage sources apt to increase the refractive index in the material passing from an electrode to the next. The emerging optical beam is deflected in the direction wherein the refractive index increases.
摘要:
The method of measuring viscosity of a glass body, such as an optical preform related to at least its softening temperature, exploits the scattering effects the body introduces into a substantially monochromatic radiation passing through it; more particularly, the width of the spectral line due to Brillouin scattering is measured. The temperature of the body can also be determined by measuring the width of the line generated by Rayleigh scattering. The method is of particular interest for measurements on glasses.
摘要:
A static interferometric ellipsometer, wherein a source (3) generates a coherent light-beam with two monochromatic radiations at slightly different frequencies. A first photodetector (6) generates a first beat between the two radiations, to be used as reference. A second photodetector (9) generates a second beat between the two radiations, after they have been polarized in perpendicular planes and separated so that one of them is reflected onto the photodetector (9) by the sample under test (1,2). A measuring and computing system (11) determines the optical properties of said sample starting from the intensity of the second beat and from the relative phase between the two beats.