摘要:
The present invention provides a method of making a fluoropolymer comprising: (i) providing an aqueous dispersion of fluoropolymer particles by polymerizing one or more fluorinated olefins and optionally one or more fluorinated or non-fluorinated comonomers in an aqueous emulsion polymerization whereby the polymerization is initiated in the absence of a fluorinated surfactant and whereby no fluorinated surfactant is added during polymerization; (ii) recovering the fluoropolymer from the aqueous dispersion thereby obtaining said fluoropolymer and waste water; and (iii) contacting said waste water with an anion exchange resin; or alternatively to steps (ii) and (iii), contacting said aqueous dispersion with an anion exchange resin and subsequently separating said anion exchange resin from said aqueous dispersion.
摘要:
Compounds comprising end groups represented by formula (Rf-Q)a-X-(A-)b and compounds comprising the reaction product of components comprising a multifunctional isocyanate compound and a fluorinated compound represented by formula (Rf-Q)a-X—(Z)b. Each Rf is independently a partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated group selected from RfA(O)2CHL′-(CF2)n—; [RfB—(O)1—C(L)H—CF2—O]m—W—; CF3CFH—O—(CF2)p—; CF3—(O—CF2)Z—; and CF3—O—(CF2)3—O—CF—. Methods of making an article having a surface using the fluorinated compounds and treated articles are also disclosed.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a fluoropolymer comprising repeating units derived from one or more gaseous fluorinated olefins and having one or more cure sites comprising (a) a halogen capable of participating in a peroxide cure reaction or (b) a nitrile group, said fluoropolymer further comprising repeating units derived from one or more fluorinated allyl ethers of the formula: CF2═CF—CF(Z)—O—Rf (I) wherein Z represents F or CF3 and Rf represents a fluorinated alkyl group that may contain one or more catenary oxygen atoms. The fluoropolymer can be cured to a fluoroelastomer. The invention also relates to a curable fluoroelastomer composition comprising the fluoropolymer and a curing agent.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of making a fluoropolymer comprising polymerizing one or more fluorinated monomers in an aqueous emulsion polymerization in the presence of a fluorinated surfactant selected from fluorinated surfactants of formula (I): [RfO-L-CO2−]iXi+ (I) wherein Rf is selected from a partially fluorinated alkyl group, a fully fluorinated alkyl group, a partially fluorinated alkyl group that is interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms, and a fully fluorinated alkyl group that is interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms; L is selected from a partially fluorinated alkylene group, a fully fluorinated alkylene group, a partially fluorinated alkylene group that is interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms, and a fully fluorinated alkylene group that is interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms; Xi+ represents a cation having the valence i; and i is 1, 2, or 3; further wherein at least part of the fluorinated surfactant is added to the aqueous phase as an aqueous mixture with at least one fluorinated liquid, and further wherein when the fluorinated surfactant is a perfluorinated polyethercarboxylic acid, the fluorinated liquid is not a perfluoropolyether.
摘要:
A process comprising polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of a non-telogenic surfactant having an anionic portion with the general formula (I): Rf—O-L-CO2— (I) wherein Rf is selected from a partially fluorinated alkyl group, a perfluorinated alkyl group, a partially fluorinated alkyl group interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, and a perfluorinated alkyl group interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, wherein Rf has from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and L is an alkylene group having the general formula (CX2)n wherein each X is independently selected from Rf, fluorine, and hydrogen and n is selected from 1 to 5, with the proviso that the surfactant contains at least one unit selected from a —CH2— unit and a —CHF— unit. Also provided are aqueous dispersions comprising these surfactants and methods of coating substrates with the aqueous dispersions.
摘要:
A control device housing for an electronic brake system includes a lid, a housing part closable by the lid, a component support member for electronic components, and a cooling element that is in direct or indirect thermal contact with at least part of the electronic components. The cooling element may be either a planar additional cooling plate or a lid that is at least partly made of metal. The cooling element and the component support member are spaced from each other, and thin heat conductive elements are arranged in the resulting intermediate space between the cooling element and the electronic components that are to be cooled or the component support member. The heat conductive elements are configured flexibly for tolerance compensation and inhere good heat conductivity in addition.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for detecting progressive, chronic dementia diseases or a predisposition to such diseases or method for the prognosis of such diseases. For this purpose, the concentration of particular peptides in body fluids or other samples from the patient is measured in a method which can be carried out in a laboratory. The invention further relates to peptides which have been found for determining the presence and/or the grade of the progressive, chronic dementia disease. The invention additionally relates to detection reagents such as antibodies and nucleic acids and the like for detecting said peptides or the corresponding nucleic acids. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical products which comprise the peptides according to the present invention, antibodies directed to said peptides, nucleic acids corresponding to said peptides, peptide antagonists, or peptide agonists for the therapy, diagnosis, prognosis or prophylaxis of neurological diseases, in particular of Alzheimer's disease. The invention further relates to methods for stratifying patients or participants in clinical studies.
摘要:
Methods for the determination of renal failure, especially chronic renal failure and acute kidney injury, by measurement of peptide or protein biomarkers are described. The methods are useful to determine stages of renal failure, especially the early stages such as stage 1, 2, and 3 of chronic renal failure and stages R and I of acute kidney injury. Furthermore there are described peptides and test kits used in the invention. The described methods are intended to replace or complement the measurement of creatinine and/or cystatin C and/or NGAL for diagnosis of renal failure.
摘要:
Disclosed is an electronic control unit (14) connected to a hydraulic unit (13), such as in a motor vehicle, by way of a magnetic plug. The electronic control unit includes a zone formed of housing walls (14′) for accommodating several valve coils (12) arranged in the zone. Also included are a housing cover (8, 35) and at least one printed circuit board (31, 5) that accommodates electric and/or electronic components. Also included are an electrical contact and a heat-conducting plate (9, 32) for dissipating heat from the electronic components. The heat-conducting plate is connected to the printed circuit board. At least one thermal connecting element (4, 15) is provided, which constitutes a thermal bridge between the printed circuit board(s) and the heat-conducting plate(s).
摘要:
Novel peptides and the quantitative methods for the determination thereof in body fluids of patients suffering from progredient chronic dementia, in relation to the concentration of said peptides in a control group. The peptides derive from a protein precursor having the corresponding gene, are processed in a specific manner, and are optionally post-translationally modified, especially phosphorylised. An increase in the concentrations of these peptides or the corresponding non-processed protein indicates progredient chronic dementia. Also disclosed are methods of using the peptides for controlling the course of progredient chronic dementia and for the prognosis of progredient chronic dementia, especially for complementing or replacing mini-mental scores, and for developing therapeutic agents to combat progredient chronic dementia such as Alzheimer's disease.