Abstract:
A throttle valve control apparatus comprises a throttle valve element supported on a valve shaft, a wire for transferring a force of an accelerator operation part to the throttle valve element, a motor for driving the throttle valve, and a stopper member for transferring a driving force of the motor to the valve shaft. The stopper member has a gear part driven by the motor and a restraint part for restraining an opening degree of the throttle valve. A notch is provided near the restraint part. The driving force of the motor is transferred from the gear part to the stopper member at the time of traction control. The restraint part of the stopper member thus drives the throttle valve element in the close direction. The notch prevents the stopper member from coming in contact with the valve shaft.
Abstract:
A control apparatus for electrically operating a throttle valve adapted to adjust the amount of air drawn into an internal combustion engine to adjust the position of the throttle valve. The position and operating condition of an accelerator pedal are electrically detected to generate a signal in accordance with the accelerator position to drive an actuator adapted to operate the throttle valve, and also a desired throttle position established by the signal, the detected actual position of the throttle valve and the operating condition of the accelerator pedal are suitably compared and examined, thus monitoring to see whether the detection of the accelerator position is not faulty, whether the throttle valve is controlled to follow the desired throttle position and so on and thereby performing a safe control by using a substitute desired position upon occurrence of a faulty condition. Also, during the period of acceleration/deceleration, a driving signal is generated to operate the throttle valve to suit the engine operating condition. Further, when the actuator steps out of synchronism, an evacuation control is performed.
Abstract:
A laser diode capable of reducing a radiating angle θ⊥ in the vertical direction, an optical pickup device, an optical disk apparatus, and optical communications equipment, all equipped with the laser diode which increases optical coupling efficiency. It has a first cladding layer of the first conductive type formed on a substrate, with an active layer on top of the first cladding layer and a second cladding layer of the second conductive type on top of the active layer. In at least the first or second cladding layer, it is formed of at least one optical guide layer having a higher refractive index than the first or second cladding layer and operating to expand a beam waist in the waveguide. This operation contributes to widening a region in which to shut up light, enabling a radiating angle θ⊥ in the vertical direction to be reduced.
Abstract:
In a motor-generator control system for controlling a motor-generator, first and second sets of multiphase windings of a motor-generator are arranged to be spatially shifted in phase from each other. An allocating unit is configured to, upon input of workload request for the motor-generator, determine a first torque to be allocated to the first set of multiphase windings and a second torque to be allocated to the second set of multiphase windings. A resultant torque of the first torque and second torque meets the input workload request for the motor-generator. An energizing unit is configured to energize the first set of multiphase windings to create the first torque and energize the second set of multiphase windings to create the second torque.
Abstract:
In a motor-generator control system for controlling a motor-generator, first and second sets of multiphase windings of a motor-generator are arranged to be spatially shifted in phase from each other. An allocating unit is configured to, upon input of workload request for the motor-generator, determine a first torque to be allocated to the first set of multiphase windings and a second torque to be allocated to the second set of multiphase windings. A resultant torque of the first torque and second torque meets the input workload request for the motor-generator. An energizing unit is configured to energize the first set of multiphase windings to create the first torque and energize the second set of multiphase windings to create the second torque.
Abstract:
An inverter control apparatus for driving a polyphase AC motor for preventing abrupt changes in motor drive currents when switching of one phase is stopped. The apparatus includes a signal generator for generating duty signals of drive signals of respective phases on the basis of a generated reference waveform and a signal modifier for selecting one of the duty signals of one phase, holding it at a predetermined level, and modifying the duty signals of other phases according to the value required to hold the selected duty signal. On the basis of three-phase signal voltage levels, a decision is made on voltage fixing phase intervals by a phase decision circuit, and shift values are determined by an adder at every voltage fixing phase interval. Shift values are selected by a multiplexer according to the outputs of the phase decision circuit and added to triangular wave voltage. Resultant sum values are compared with the three-phase signal voltages to form a three-phase PWM signal.
Abstract:
A steering torque is transmitted from a steering wheel side rotary member to a steering shaft side rotary member through a plurality of elastic bodies, when a steering wheel is turned. The elastic bodies are provided around a rotational center of a steering shaft which bending parts. A relative rotation produced between the steering wheel side rotary member and the steering shaft side rotary member is detected by detecting coils, because the detecting coils detect the change of the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of the rotary members and the detecting coil.
Abstract:
An exposure method includes generating a reticle exposure pattern based on a target pattern, performing a lithography simulation based on the reticle exposure pattern to generate a simulation pattern that simulates a resist pattern formed by reticle exposure, generating differential data between the target pattern and the simulation pattern, generating a first electron-beam exposure pattern based on the differential data, generating a reticle based on the reticle exposure pattern, performing an optical exposure process with respect to a resist by use of the reticle, and performing an electron-beam exposure process with respect to the resist based on the first electron-beam exposure pattern.
Abstract:
A photomask includes a transparent substrate and an opaque film formed on the transparent substrate. The opaque film is configured to form a device pattern with which a wafer is to be exposed; and at least one pair of assist patterns is formed by the opaque film, one assist pattern on each side of the device pattern on the transparent substrate. The size of each assist pattern of the pair of assist patterns is such that the assist pattern is not resolved on the wafer. A part of each assist pattern of the pair of assist patterns includes step portions.
Abstract:
A laser diode capable of reducing a radiating angle θ⊥ in the vertical direction, an optical pickup device, an optical disk apparatus, and optical communications equipment, all equipped with the laser diode which increases optical coupling efficiency. It has a first cladding layer of the first conductive type formed on a substrate, with an active layer on top of the first cladding layer and a second cladding layer of the second conductive type on top of the active layer. In at least the first or second cladding layer, it is formed of at least one optical guide layer having a higher refractive index than the first or second cladding layer and operating to expand a beam waist in the waveguide. This operation contributes to widening a region in which to shut up light, enabling a radiating angle θ⊥ in the vertical direction to be reduced.