摘要:
A surface treatment liquid composition for a substrate is provided. The surface treatment liquid composition includes a water-soluble salt, water, and a resin particle including a resin having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1): where R1 represents —COO—; each of R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of from 5 to 100.
摘要:
A vehicle air conditioning apparatus is provided that can extend the mileage of a vehicle by reducing the power consumed by the operation of a compressor and a heater. When a required quantity of heating Q_req is acquired, the minimum power sharing ratio between quantity of heat release Q_hpof a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 22 and quantity of heat release Q_htrof a water heater 32 is calculated, which allows the power consumption W_total to be minimized, and a compressor 21 and the water heater 32 are operated based on the result of the calculation.
摘要:
A toner including a crystalline polyester and an amorphous polyester is provided. When the binder resin is extracted from the toner with tetrahydrofuran to obtain an extracted solution, and the extracted solution is heated to remove the tetrahydrofuran and obtain a deposit, the deposit contains spherical domains of the crystalline polyester having an average particle diameter of 7.0 μm or less.
摘要:
A valve timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which comprises a variable valve timing mechanism which varies an opening-and-closing timing of an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve of an engine, and in which the opening-and-closing timing at a time of starting the engine is set to a starting time timing which is at a further advance side than a maximum retard timing which is retarded at the maximum, said apparatus characterized in that, at a time of stopping the engine, the variable valve timing mechanism is controlled such that the opening-and-closing timing is made to be the starting time timing.
摘要:
An aqueous dispersion contains emulsion resin particles that contains pigment enclosing emulsion resin particles enclosing an inorganic pigment, wherein the pigment enclosing emulsion resin particles have a 50 percent cumulative volume particle diameter (D50) of from 40 to 300 nm as measured by laser diffraction scattering method, wherein the pigment enclosing emulsion resin particles have an average aspect ratio of from 1.0 to 1.5.
摘要:
A vehicle air conditioning apparatus is provided that can extend the mileage of a vehicle by reducing the power consumed by the operation of a compressor and a heater. When a required quantity of heating Q_req is acquired, the minimum power sharing ratio between quantity of heat release Q_hpof a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 22 and quantity of heat release Q_htrof a water heater 32 is calculated, which allows the power consumption W_total to be minimized, and a compressor 21 and the water heater 32 is operated based on the result of the calculation.
摘要:
A toner including a polyester resin having an amorphous polyester segment is provided. The amorphous polyester segment includes a condensation polymerization product between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The carboxylic acid includes both aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The toner deforms with a deformation rate of from 1.0% to 5.0% under a pressure of 100 gf at 40° C. and 80% RH. In a binarized image of an AFM phase image of the toner, first phase-contrast images serving as large-phase-difference portions are dispersed in second phase-contrast images serving as small-phase-difference portions, and the first phase-contrast images have a dispersion diameter of 100 nm or less. An endothermic quantity Q1 obtained in a first heating of DSC is from 10 to 50 J/g, and a ratio of an endothermic quantity obtained in the second heating Q2 to that in first heating Q1 is 0.65 or less.
摘要:
A vehicle air conditioning apparatus is provided that can extend the mileage of a vehicle by reducing the power consumed by the operation of a compressor and a heater. When a required quantity of heating Q_req is acquired, the minimum power sharing ratio between quantity of heat release Q_hpof a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 22 and quantity of heat release Q_htrof a water heater 32 is calculated, which allows the power consumption W_total to be minimized, and a compressor 21 and the water heater 32 is operated based on the result of the calculation.
摘要:
Evaluation method of evaluating a diagnosing function for a variable valve mechanism of an engine valve in which a desired value used for feedback-control of the variable valve mechanism is subjected to a low-pass filter processing so as to produce a state such that a response delay of the variable valve mechanism is generated, and a transient response of the variable valve mechanism is diagnosed in this state. As a result, if it is not determined that a response delay is generated, it is determined that the diagnosing function is abnormal. An evaluation apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.
摘要:
A foamed sheet including: a polylactic acid; and a filler, wherein the foamed sheet has a compressive stress of 0.2 Mpa or less when the cushioning coefficient of the foamed sheet is 10 or less; and wherein the foamed sheet has a puncture strength of 2 N or more when the sheet thickness of the foamed sheet is 2 mm.