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11.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06687009B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US10266574
申请日：2002-10-09
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , G01J9/02 , G01J2009/023 , G01J2009/0253 , H04B10/0795 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0276
摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring optical signals with an expanded frequency resolution. The invention permits high-resolution measurements of optical signal spectrums while retaining wide bandwidth operation through appropriate control circuitry. An interferometer having a periodic frequency response formed of equally spaced narrow-band peaks is used to sweep the entire signal spectrum. The interferometer frequency response is incrementally tuned in cycles so that each of its frequency response peaks cyclically scans a particular spectral band of the signal spectrum. During each cycle, the interferometer isolates multiple spectrally resolved portions of the optical signal spectrum where each portion originates from a different spectral band. In this way, a high-resolution measurement of the entire signal spectrum can be obtained. The invention may be network protocol independent and can be incorporated into an optical spectrum analyzer or directly into any optical terminal. The invention can be used for signal spectrum monitoring applications including link quality monitoring (LQM) in optical communications networks to monitor various transmission parameters such as such as carrier wavelengths, optical signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), amplified spontaneous emissions (ASE), noise levels, optical non-linearities or other signal baseband information such as data rates and formats.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于以扩大的频率分辨率监测光信号的方法和装置。 本发明允许光信号频谱的高分辨率测量，同时通过适当的控制电路保持宽带宽操作。 使用具有由等间隔的窄带峰值形成的周期性频率响应的干涉仪来扫描整个信号频谱。 干涉仪频率响应以周期递增调谐，使得其每个频率响应峰值对信号频谱的特定谱带进行循环扫描。 在每个周期期间，干涉仪隔离光信号频谱的多个光谱解析部分，其中每个部分来自不同的光谱带。 以这种方式，可以获得整个信号频谱的高分辨率测量。 本发明可以是与网络协议无关的，并且可以并入到光谱分析仪中或直接并入任何光学终端。 本发明可用于信号频谱监测应用，包括光通信网络中的链路质量监测（LQM），以监测各种传输参数，例如载波波长，光信噪比（SNR），放大自发辐射（ASE） ，噪声电平，光学非线性或其他信号基带信息，如数据速率和格式。
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12.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06650673B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US09213088
申请日：1998-12-15
申请人： Jin Hong , Rongqing Hui , Maurice S. O'Sullivan
发明人： Jin Hong , Rongqing Hui , Maurice S. O'Sullivan
IPC分类号： H01S319
CPC分类号： H01S5/1228 , H01S5/0057 , H01S5/0265 , H01S5/0623 , H01S5/06258 , H01S5/1021 , H01S5/1215
摘要： A compact source capable of generating continuously tunable high frequency microwave radiation and short optical pulses in the picosecond/sub-picosecond range is invented. It includes a laser structure having two lasers formed on the same substrate which simultaneously operate at different longitudinal modes. Each laser has a complex coupled (gain-coupled or loss-coupled) grating which is formed by deep etching through a multi-quantum well structure, either of the active medium or of the additional lossy quantum-well layers, thus ensuring no substantial interaction between lasers. The lasers have a common active medium and shared optical path and provide mutual light injection into each other which results in generation of a beat signal at a difference frequency of two lasers. The beat frequency is defined by spacing between the laser modes and may be continuously tuned by current injection and/or temperature variation. Thus, the beat signal provides a continuously tunable microwave radiation. To form a train of short optical pulses, the beat signal is either further sent to a saturable absorber followed by a semiconductor optical amplifier, or sent directly into an optical compressor which includes a dispersion fiber. As a result, a duration of each impulse is compressed, and a train of short optical pulses is formed.
摘要翻译： 发明了能够产生连续可调谐的高频微波辐射和皮秒/次皮秒范围内的短光脉冲的紧凑型光源。 它包括具有形成在同一衬底上的两个激光器的激光器结构，其同时在不同的纵向模式下工作。 每个激光器具有复合耦合（增益耦合或损耗耦合）光栅，其通过深入蚀刻通过多量子阱结构，活性介质或附加的有损的量子阱层中的任一个形成，从而确保没有实质的相互作用 激光之间。 激光器具有共同的有源介质和共享光路，并且彼此相互注入，这导致以两个激光器的差频产生拍频信号。 节拍频率由激光模式之间的间距定义，并且可以通过电流注入和/或温度变化来连续调谐。 因此，拍频信号提供连续可调的微波辐射。 为了形成短脉冲序列，将拍频信号进一步发送到可饱和吸收体，随后是半导体光放大器，或者直接发送到包括分散光纤的光学压缩器中。 结果，每个脉冲的持续时间被压缩，并形成一串短的光脉冲。
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公开(公告)号：US06101012A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US343414
申请日：1999-06-30
申请人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
发明人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04J14/0212 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0069
摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在采用波分复用（WDM）的光纤网络中切换，调制和衰减光信号的分插复用器/解复用器（ADM）。 ADM装备有一个光信号多路复用器，用于将输入的WDM信号分离成各自的光信号，从而产生各自的2x2开关。 每个开关具有源自多个“相加线”的另一个输入，并且选择其一个输入被丢弃，另一个输入沿主信号路径继续。 保留的信号可以在被抽头之前被调制和衰减，并且最终由WDM多路复用器多路复用在一起。 抽头信号被光电转换并反馈到控制器，优选地是运行软件算法的数字信号处理器，其控制开关，调制和衰减。 这允许通过将控制器的指令编码成嵌入各个光信号内的低频抖动信号来远程控制ADM功能。 因此可以指示ADM重新路由业务，动态均衡或以其他方式改变光信道功率级别，并且实时地添加或去除抖动。 可以保留特定的光通道用于控制目的，允许网络管理员“登录”到ADM以覆盖控制器软件算法。 可选地，可以在进入ADM时轻拍光信号。 双向ADM可以由两个单向ADM构建，并且可以共享相同的控制器。 此外，单个一般的多输入多输出开关可用于提供各个输入和输出光信号之间的任意映射。
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公开(公告)号：US4983024A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-08
申请号：US417490
申请日：1989-10-05
IPC分类号： G02F2/00
CPC分类号： G02F2/002
摘要： A method of optical phase to amplitude demodulation comprises intersecting two mutually coherent beams of light inside a Kerr medium. One of the beams is unmodulated and the other is phase modulated. The Kerr medium is non-linear and is characterized by an equation n=n.sub.0 +n.sub.2 I, where n is the local refractive index of the medium at a point of interest, n.sub.0 is the linear refractive index of the medium, n.sub.2 is a nonlinear refractive index of the medium and I is the light intensity at the point of interests. An amplitude modulated output beam is generated.
摘要翻译： 光相位到幅度解调的方法包括在克尔介质内相交两个相互相干的光束。 一个光束是未调制的，另一个是相位调制的。 克尔介质是非线性的，其特征在于等式n = n0 + n2I，其中n是介质在目标点处的局部折射率，n0是介质的线性折射率，n2是非线性折射率 我的指数是我的兴趣点的光强度。 产生幅度调制输出光束。
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15.发明授权Method and apparatus for communicating a clock signal in a soliton optical transmission system 有权用于在孤子光传输系统中传送时钟信号的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06486990B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09215547
申请日：1998-12-18
IPC分类号： H04J1408
CPC分类号： H04B10/25077 , H04J14/08
摘要： A sub-harmonic clock signal is provided in a series of soliton optical pulses that are transmitted at a given line rate in a soliton optical transmission system. The line rate defines time slots of equal duration. Each soliton optical pulse in every N time slots is modulated in a manner to make the pulse distinguishable from pulses in other time slots. The frequency of the sub-harmonic clock signal is equal to the line rate divided by N. This technique of providing a clock signal allows simple recovery of the clock signal using a PIN diode photo detector and a bandpass filter of appropriate bandwidth.
摘要翻译： 在孤子光传输系统中以一定的线速率传输的一系列孤子光脉冲中提供了一个亚谐波时钟信号。 线速率定义相同持续时间的时隙。 每N个时隙中的每个孤子光脉冲以使得脉冲可以与其他时隙中的脉冲区分开的方式进行调制。 子谐波时钟信号的频率等于线速度除以N.这种提供时钟信号的技术允许使用PIN二极管光电检测器和适当带宽的带通滤波器简单恢复时钟信号。
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公开(公告)号：US06438148B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US09405119
申请日：1999-09-27
IPC分类号： H01S310
CPC分类号： H01S5/1228 , H01S5/0057 , H01S5/0265 , H01S5/0623 , H01S5/06258 , H01S5/1021 , H01S5/1215
摘要： A device for encoding data into high speed optical train includes N data encoding branches, each having a dual-mode laser, generating at the beat frequency f, and an external modulator. Each dual mode laser includes a laser structure having two sections formed on the same substrate which simultaneously operate at different longitudinal modes. Each section has a complex coupled (gain-coupled or loss-coupled) grating which is formed by deep etching through the multi-quantum well structure, ensuring no substantial interaction between lasers. The sections have common active medium and shared optical path and provide mutual light injection into each other. Signals from the branches are put through a variable delay line, introducing phase shifts between the signals, and compressed in the optical compressor. Thus, N short pulse optical trains are formed. The phase shifts between the signals are adjusted so that, when the trains are further combined in the optical combiner, they interleave in a precise timing to form one combined optical pulse train of frequency Nf. Thus, encoding of data at a speed, which is much higher than the speed of the external modulator, is achieved. The corresponding method of encoding data is also provided.
摘要翻译： 用于将数据编码成高速光学列车的装置包括N个数据编码分支，每个分支具有以拍频f产生的双模激光器和外部调制器。 每个双模激光器包括具有形成在同一基板上的两个部分的激光结构，其同时在不同的纵向模式下操作。 每个部分具有通过深度蚀刻穿过多量子阱结构形成的复合耦合（增益耦合或损耗耦合）光栅，确保激光器之间没有实质的相互作用。 这些部分具有共同的有源介质和共享光路，并且彼此相互注入。 来自分支的信号通过可变延迟线，引入信号之间的相移并在光学压缩器中压缩。 因此，形成N个短脉冲光学列车。 调整信号之间的相移，使得当光组合器中的列进一步组合时，它们在精确的定时交织以形成频率为Nf的一个组合光脉冲串。 因此，以比外部调制器的速度高得多的速度对数据进行编码。 还提供了相应的编码数据的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06069906A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-30
申请号：US213088
申请日：1998-12-15
申请人： Jin Hong , Rongqing Hui , Maurice S. O'Sullivan
发明人： Jin Hong , Rongqing Hui , Maurice S. O'Sullivan
摘要： A compact source capable of generating continuously tunable high frequency microwave radiation and short optical pulses in the picosecond/sub-picosecond range is invented. It includes a laser structure having two lasers formed on the same substrate which simultaneously operate at different longitudinal modes. Each laser has a complex coupled (gain-coupled or loss-coupled) grating which is formed by deep etching through a multi-quantum well structure, either of the active medium or of the additional lossy quantum-well layers, thus ensuring no substantial interaction between lasers. The lasers have a common active medium and shared optical path and provide mutual light injection into each other which results in generation of a beat signal at a difference frequency of two lasers. The beat frequency is defined by spacing between the laser modes and may be continuously tuned by current injection and/or temperature variation. Thus, the beat signal provides a continuously tunable microwave radiation. To form a train of short optical pulses, the beat signal is either further sent to a saturable absorber followed by a semiconductor optical amplifier, or sent directly into an optical compressor which includes a dispersion fiber. As a result, a duration of each impulse is compressed, and a train of short optical pulses is formed.
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公开(公告)号：US5959749A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-28
申请号：US81666
申请日：1997-05-20
申请人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
发明人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04J14/0212 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0069
摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.
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公开(公告)号：US4859018A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US61625
申请日：1987-06-15
CPC分类号： H04B10/2507 , G02B6/2861
摘要： A bandwidth limiter for an optical fiber transmission path comprises a four-port optical coupler via which an optical signal is passed. A spliced optical fiber provides a loop, from an output to an input of the coupler, with a predetermined propagation delay and attenuation. An alternative arrangement uses two couplers which are coupled together via fibers of different length and hence propagation delay.
摘要翻译： 用于光纤传输路径的带宽限制器包括通过光信号的四端口光耦合器。 拼接的光纤以预定的传播延迟和衰减提供从耦合器的输出到输入的环路。 一种替代方案是使用两个耦合器，它们通过不同长度的光纤和传播延迟耦合在一起。
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