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公开(公告)号：US5959749A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-28
申请号：US81666
申请日：1997-05-20
申请人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
发明人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04J14/0212 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0069
摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.
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公开(公告)号：US06101012A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US343414
申请日：1999-06-30
申请人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
发明人： David John Danagher , Alan G. Solheim , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Richard A. Habel , Kim Byron Roberts , Duncan John Forbes , Nigel Baker , Ian Hardcastle , Takis Hadjifotiou , Bipin Patel , Giuseppe Bordogna , James St. Leger Harley
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04J14/0212 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0069
摘要： An add/drop multiplexer/demultiplexer (ADM) for switching, modulating and attenuating optical signals in a fiber optic network employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is disclosed. The ADM is equipped an optical multiplexer for splitting an input WDM signal into individual optical signals, leading to respective 2.times.2 switches. Each switch has another input originating from a plurality of "add lines", and selects one of its inputs to be dropped and the other to continue along a main signal path. The retained signals may be modulated and attenuated prior to being tapped and finally multiplexed together by a WDM multiplexer. The tapped signals are optoelectronically converted and fed back to a controller, preferably a digital signal processor running a software algorithm, which controls the switching, modulation and attenuation. This permits remote control of the ADM functions by encoding instructions for the controller into a low-frequency dither signal that is embedded within the individual optical signals. The ADM can accordingly be instructed to reroute traffic, dynamically equalize or otherwise change optical channel power levels, and add or remove dither, all in real time. A specific optical channel may be reserved for control purposes, allowing a network administrator to "log in" to the ADM to override the controller software algorithm. Optionally, the optical signals can be tapped upon entry to the ADM. A bidirectional ADM can be constructed from two unidirectional ADMs, and may share the same controller. Also, a single, general multi-input multi-output switch can be used to provide an arbitrary mapping between individual input and output optical signals.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在采用波分复用（WDM）的光纤网络中切换，调制和衰减光信号的分插复用器/解复用器（ADM）。 ADM装备有一个光信号多路复用器，用于将输入的WDM信号分离成各自的光信号，从而产生各自的2x2开关。 每个开关具有源自多个“相加线”的另一个输入，并且选择其一个输入被丢弃，另一个输入沿主信号路径继续。 保留的信号可以在被抽头之前被调制和衰减，并且最终由WDM多路复用器多路复用在一起。 抽头信号被光电转换并反馈到控制器，优选地是运行软件算法的数字信号处理器，其控制开关，调制和衰减。 这允许通过将控制器的指令编码成嵌入各个光信号内的低频抖动信号来远程控制ADM功能。 因此可以指示ADM重新路由业务，动态均衡或以其他方式改变光信道功率级别，并且实时地添加或去除抖动。 可以保留特定的光通道用于控制目的，允许网络管理员“登录”到ADM以覆盖控制器软件算法。 可选地，可以在进入ADM时轻拍光信号。 双向ADM可以由两个单向ADM构建，并且可以共享相同的控制器。 此外，单个一般的多输入多输出开关可用于提供各个输入和输出光信号之间的任意映射。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5892858A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-06
申请号：US827419
申请日：1997-03-27
申请人： Mazoud Vaziri , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Terry W. B. Taraschuk , Alan Glen Solheim , Kim Byron Roberts
发明人： Mazoud Vaziri , Maurice S. O'Sullivan , Terry W. B. Taraschuk , Alan Glen Solheim , Kim Byron Roberts
IPC分类号： G02F1/01 , H03M5/16 , H03M5/18 , H04B10/00 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/06 , H04B10/142 , H04B10/152 , H04B10/155 , H04L25/497 , G02B6/10
CPC分类号： H04B10/5055 , H03M5/18 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/5167
摘要： A method for encoding a binary input sequence x(0,1) to obtain a duobinary output sequence y(+1,0,-1) is provided. The duobinary coding technique always provides an output bit y.sub.k =0 when the corresponding bit x.sub.k =0; bits y.sub.k alternatively assume a logical level "+1" and "-1" whenever an input bit x.sub.k-1 =0 changes to x.sub.k =1, and the output bit y.sub.k maintains the logical level "+1" or "-1" whenever the corresponding bit x.sub.k maintains the logical level "1". A coding device for encoding a binary input sequence x(0,1) to a duobinary output sequence y(+1,0,-1) is also provided, comprising a D-type flip-flop for generating a binary switch signal. A first AND circuit receives the input sequence and the switch signal, and provides a first binary sequence a(0,1), while a second AND circuit receives the input sequence and the complement of the switch signal and provides a second binary sequence b(0,1). These first and second binary sequences are applied to a summer to obtain the output sequence y(+1,0,-1). A method for differentially driving a M-Z modulator using a virtual ground level is also provided, which reduces the peak-to-peak drive voltage by a factor of two.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于对二进制输入序列x（0,1）进行编码以获得双二进制输出序列y（+ 1,0，-1）的方法。 当对应的位xk = 0时，双向编码技术总是提供输出位yk = 0; 只要输入位xk-1 = 0改变为xk = 1，位yk或者假设逻辑电平“+1”和“-1”，并且输出位yk每当维持逻辑电平“+1”或“-1” 对应的位xk保持逻辑电平“1”。 还提供了用于将二进制输入序列x（0,1）编码到二进制输出序列y（+ 1,0，-1）的编码装置，包括用于产生二进制开关信号的D型触发器。 第一AND电路接收输入序列和开关信号，并提供第一二进制序列a（0,1），而第二AND电路接收输入序列和开关信号的补码，并提供第二二进制序列b（ 0,1）。 将这些第一和第二二进制序列应用于加法器以获得输出序列y（+ 1,0，-1）。 还提供了一种用于使用虚拟接地电平差分驱动M-Z调制器的方法，其将峰 - 峰驱动电压降低了二倍。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus for communicating a clock signal in a soliton optical transmission system 有权用于在孤子光传输系统中传送时钟信号的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06486990B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09215547
申请日：1998-12-18
IPC分类号： H04J1408
CPC分类号： H04B10/25077 , H04J14/08
摘要： A sub-harmonic clock signal is provided in a series of soliton optical pulses that are transmitted at a given line rate in a soliton optical transmission system. The line rate defines time slots of equal duration. Each soliton optical pulse in every N time slots is modulated in a manner to make the pulse distinguishable from pulses in other time slots. The frequency of the sub-harmonic clock signal is equal to the line rate divided by N. This technique of providing a clock signal allows simple recovery of the clock signal using a PIN diode photo detector and a bandpass filter of appropriate bandwidth.
摘要翻译： 在孤子光传输系统中以一定的线速率传输的一系列孤子光脉冲中提供了一个亚谐波时钟信号。 线速率定义相同持续时间的时隙。 每N个时隙中的每个孤子光脉冲以使得脉冲可以与其他时隙中的脉冲区分开的方式进行调制。 子谐波时钟信号的频率等于线速度除以N.这种提供时钟信号的技术允许使用PIN二极管光电检测器和适当带宽的带通滤波器简单恢复时钟信号。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09559778B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-31
申请号：US10531314
申请日：2003-07-11
IPC分类号： H04B10/516 , H04B10/50 , H04B10/2513 , H04B10/508
CPC分类号： H04B10/07951 , H04B10/07953 , H04B10/25137 , H04B10/505 , H04B10/50597 , H04B10/508 , H04B10/6161
摘要： Optical dispersion imposed on a communications signal conveyed through an optical communications system is compensated by modulating the communications signal in the electrical domain. A compensation function is determined that substantially mitigates the chromatic dispersion. The communications signal is then modulated in the electrical domain using the compensation function. In preferred embodiments, compensation is implemented in the transmitter, using a look-up-table and digital-to-analog converter to generate an electrical predistorted signal. The electrical predistorted signal is then used to modulate an optical source to generate a corresponding predistorted optical signal for transmission through the optical communications system.
摘要翻译： 施加在通过光通信系统传送的通信信号上的光色散通过调制电域中的通信信号来补偿。 确定基本上减轻色散的补偿功能。 然后使用补偿功能在电域中调制通信信号。 在优选实施例中，使用查找表和数模转换器来在发射机中实现补偿以产生电预失真信号。 然后，电预失真信号用于调制光源以产生用于通过光通信系统传输的相应的预失真光信号。
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公开(公告)号：US06493088B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09411649
申请日：1999-10-04
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , G01J9/02 , G01J2009/023 , G01J2009/0253 , H04B10/0795 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0276
摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring optical signals with an expand frequency resolution. The invention permits high-resolution measurements of optical signal spectrums while retaining wide bandwidth operation through appropriate control circuitry. An interferometer having a periodic frequency response formed of equally spaced narrow-band peaks is used to sweep the entire signal spectrum. The interferometer frequency response is incrementally tuned in cycles so that each of its frequency response peaks cyclically scans a particular spectral band of the signal spectrum. During each cycle, the interferometer isolates multiple,spectrally resolved portions of the optical signal spectrum where each portion originates frog different spectral band. In this way, a high-resolution measurement of the entire signal spectrum can be obtained. The invention may be network protocol independent and can be incorporated into an optical spectrum analyzer or directly into any optical terminal. The invention can be used for signal spectrum monitoring applications including link quality monitoring (LQM) in optical communications networks to monitor various transmission parameters such as such as carrier wavelengths, optical signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), amplified spontaneous emissions (ASE), noise levels, optical non-linearities or other signal baseband information such as data rates and formats.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种以扩展频率分辨率监视光信号的方法和装置。 本发明允许光信号频谱的高分辨率测量，同时通过适当的控制电路保持宽带宽操作。 使用具有由等间隔的窄带峰值形成的周期性频率响应的干涉仪来扫描整个信号频谱。 干涉仪频率响应以周期递增调谐，使得其每个频率响应峰值对信号频谱的特定谱带进行循环扫描。 在每个周期期间，干涉仪隔离光信号频谱的多个光谱解析部分，其中每个部分起源于青蛙不同的光谱带。 以这种方式，可以获得整个信号频谱的高分辨率测量。 本发明可以是与网络协议无关的，并且可以并入到光谱分析仪中或直接并入任何光学终端。 本发明可用于信号频谱监测应用，包括光通信网络中的链路质量监测（LQM），以监测各种传输参数，例如载波波长，光信噪比（SNR），放大自发辐射（ASE） ，噪声电平，光学非线性或其他信号基带信息，如数据速率和格式。
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公开(公告)号：US07155128B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-26
申请号：US10014353
申请日：2001-12-14
IPC分类号： H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04B10/2563 , H04J14/02
摘要： A method and system for reducing non-linear signal degradation effects of WDM optical signals exacerbated by highly correlated bit patterns of optical waveforms in neighboring optical channels. Embodiments include offsetting the transmission times of signals in neighboring channels, and applying different scrambling patterns to the respective data streams prior to transmission on neighboring optical channels.
摘要翻译： 一种用于减少WDM光信号的非线性信号劣化效应的方法和系统，其由相邻光信道中的光波形的高度相关位模式加剧。 实施例包括抵消相邻信道中的信号的传输时间，以及在相邻光信道上传输之前将各种数据流应用不同的加扰模式。
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公开(公告)号：US06687009B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US10266574
申请日：2002-10-09
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , G01J9/02 , G01J2009/023 , G01J2009/0253 , H04B10/0795 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0276
摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for monitoring optical signals with an expanded frequency resolution. The invention permits high-resolution measurements of optical signal spectrums while retaining wide bandwidth operation through appropriate control circuitry. An interferometer having a periodic frequency response formed of equally spaced narrow-band peaks is used to sweep the entire signal spectrum. The interferometer frequency response is incrementally tuned in cycles so that each of its frequency response peaks cyclically scans a particular spectral band of the signal spectrum. During each cycle, the interferometer isolates multiple spectrally resolved portions of the optical signal spectrum where each portion originates from a different spectral band. In this way, a high-resolution measurement of the entire signal spectrum can be obtained. The invention may be network protocol independent and can be incorporated into an optical spectrum analyzer or directly into any optical terminal. The invention can be used for signal spectrum monitoring applications including link quality monitoring (LQM) in optical communications networks to monitor various transmission parameters such as such as carrier wavelengths, optical signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), amplified spontaneous emissions (ASE), noise levels, optical non-linearities or other signal baseband information such as data rates and formats.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于以扩大的频率分辨率监测光信号的方法和装置。 本发明允许光信号频谱的高分辨率测量，同时通过适当的控制电路保持宽带宽操作。 使用具有由等间隔的窄带峰值形成的周期性频率响应的干涉仪来扫描整个信号频谱。 干涉仪频率响应以周期递增调谐，使得其每个频率响应峰值对信号频谱的特定谱带进行循环扫描。 在每个周期期间，干涉仪隔离光信号频谱的多个光谱解析部分，其中每个部分来自不同的光谱带。 以这种方式，可以获得整个信号频谱的高分辨率测量。 本发明可以是与网络协议无关的，并且可以并入到光谱分析仪中或直接并入任何光学终端。 本发明可用于信号频谱监测应用，包括光通信网络中的链路质量监测（LQM），以监测各种传输参数，例如载波波长，光信噪比（SNR），放大自发辐射（ASE） ，噪声电平，光学非线性或其他信号基带信息，如数据速率和格式。
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9.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06650673B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US09213088
申请日：1998-12-15
申请人： Jin Hong , Rongqing Hui , Maurice S. O'Sullivan
发明人： Jin Hong , Rongqing Hui , Maurice S. O'Sullivan
IPC分类号： H01S319
CPC分类号： H01S5/1228 , H01S5/0057 , H01S5/0265 , H01S5/0623 , H01S5/06258 , H01S5/1021 , H01S5/1215
摘要： A compact source capable of generating continuously tunable high frequency microwave radiation and short optical pulses in the picosecond/sub-picosecond range is invented. It includes a laser structure having two lasers formed on the same substrate which simultaneously operate at different longitudinal modes. Each laser has a complex coupled (gain-coupled or loss-coupled) grating which is formed by deep etching through a multi-quantum well structure, either of the active medium or of the additional lossy quantum-well layers, thus ensuring no substantial interaction between lasers. The lasers have a common active medium and shared optical path and provide mutual light injection into each other which results in generation of a beat signal at a difference frequency of two lasers. The beat frequency is defined by spacing between the laser modes and may be continuously tuned by current injection and/or temperature variation. Thus, the beat signal provides a continuously tunable microwave radiation. To form a train of short optical pulses, the beat signal is either further sent to a saturable absorber followed by a semiconductor optical amplifier, or sent directly into an optical compressor which includes a dispersion fiber. As a result, a duration of each impulse is compressed, and a train of short optical pulses is formed.
摘要翻译： 发明了能够产生连续可调谐的高频微波辐射和皮秒/次皮秒范围内的短光脉冲的紧凑型光源。 它包括具有形成在同一衬底上的两个激光器的激光器结构，其同时在不同的纵向模式下工作。 每个激光器具有复合耦合（增益耦合或损耗耦合）光栅，其通过深入蚀刻通过多量子阱结构，活性介质或附加的有损的量子阱层中的任一个形成，从而确保没有实质的相互作用 激光之间。 激光器具有共同的有源介质和共享光路，并且彼此相互注入，这导致以两个激光器的差频产生拍频信号。 节拍频率由激光模式之间的间距定义，并且可以通过电流注入和/或温度变化来连续调谐。 因此，拍频信号提供连续可调的微波辐射。 为了形成短脉冲序列，将拍频信号进一步发送到可饱和吸收体，随后是半导体光放大器，或者直接发送到包括分散光纤的光学压缩器中。 结果，每个脉冲的持续时间被压缩，并形成一串短的光脉冲。
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公开(公告)号：US06473214B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-29
申请号：US09283213
申请日：1999-04-01
IPC分类号： H04B1004
CPC分类号： H04L5/06 , H04L25/497 , H04L27/02
摘要： A binary signal is encoded to produce a three-level encoded signal having reduced bandwidth and small low frequency and d.c. components, e.g. using modified duobinary encoding, the encoded signal directly modulating a semiconductor laser to produce a frequency modulated optical signal, which is passed through an interference filter to provide two-state amplitude modulation from the three-state frequency modulation for direct recovery of the binary signal by an optical receiver, the interference filter providing constructive and destructive interference for frequencies corresponding to binary one and zero bits respectively. An array transmission system can be provided by combining multiple such frequency modulated optical signals, from multiple lasers with respective central frequencies and respective encoders for multiple binary signals, using an array waveguide which also serves as a channel frequency filter, with a single interference filter. Polarization modulation instead of frequency modulation, and external modulation of an optical signal from an optical source, are also described.
摘要翻译： 二进制信号被编码以产生具有减小的带宽和小的低频和直流的三电平编码信号。 组分，例如 使用修改的二进制编码，编码信号直接调制半导体激光器以产生调频光信号，该信号通过干涉滤波器从三态调制提供双态幅度调制，以通过以下方式直接恢复二进制信号： 光接收机，干扰滤波器分别为对应于二进制1和零位的频率提供建设性和相消干扰。 可以通过使用具有单个干涉滤波器的阵列波导来组合来自具有各自中心频率的多个激光器和多个二进制信号的相应编码器的多个这种频率调制光信号来提供阵列传输系统。 还描述了偏振调制而不是频率调制，以及来自光源的光信号的外部调制。
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