摘要:
A method of measuring dimension of a first pattern with a narrow first width, and a second pattern with a second width wider than the first width of the first pattern and formed in a symmetrical appearance with respect to a center of the second pattern, the second pattern having edges opposed to each other defining the second width, includes a step of forming a pair of first dummy patterns each having a narrow width, the pair of first dummy patterns being spaced from the edges of the second pattern respectively by a distance approximate to the first width of the first pattern, a first measurement step of measuring, using a dimension measuring device, a spaced distance of one of the first dummy patterns from the edge of the second pattern and a width of the one of the first dummy patterns within the same field of view of the dimension measuring device, a second measurement step of measuring, using the dimension measuring device, a width of the first pattern under the same measurement condition as that of the first measurement step, and a calculation step of calculating a width of the second pattern from WB=2DA+WD+DC, where WB is the calculated width of the second pattern, DC is a design value of a distance between the centers of the pair of first dummy patterns, DA is a measured spaced distance of the one of the first dummy patterns from the edge of the second pattern, and WD is a measured width of the one of the first dummy patterns.
摘要:
An input signal is quantized into a quantization-resultant signal. The quantization-resultant signal is compressed into a compression-resultant signal. The compression-resultant signal is formatted into a formatting-resultant signal corresponding to a predetermined format for a digital recording disc. The formatting-resultant signal includes segments corresponding to user data areas prescribed in the predetermined format. The compression-resultant signal is placed in the segments of the formatting-resultant signal. The formatting-resultant signal is encoded into an encoding-resultant signal of a CD format. The encoding-resultant signal is recorded on a recording medium.
摘要:
An audio signal encoding apparatus includes a device for compressing multiple-channel digital audio signals into compression-resultant multiple-channel signals respectively. The multiple-channel digital audio signals relate to a sampling frequency and a quantization bit number. The compression-resultant multiple-channel signals, a signal representative of the sampling frequency, and a signal representative of the quantization bit number are formatted into a formatting-resultant signal. The formatting-resultant signal contains a sub packet and a sync information portion. The sub packet contains at least portions of the compression-resultant multiple-channel signals. The sync information portion contains the signal representative of the sampling frequency and the signal representative of the quantization bit number.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine which varies a compression ratio by changing a top dead center position of a piston, including an engine block, the piston disposed in the engine block, a crank shaft supported by the engine block, and a plurality of links connecting the piston and the crank shaft. A first control shaft and a second control shaft respectively are supported by the engine block, each of which has a main shaft portion rotatably supported by the engine block and an eccentric portion eccentric to the main shaft portion, the eccentric portions of the first control shaft and the second control shaft deviating from axes of the respective main shaft portions in mutually different directions when viewed from an axial direction. A plurality of control links connect any one of the plurality of links connecting the piston and the crank shaft, and the first control shaft and the second control shaft. A driving unit is provided at least one of the first control shaft and the second control shaft, that rotates the control shaft.
摘要:
A piston-crank mechanism links crankpins of a crankshaft with piston pins of pistons by using a plurality of links. The piston-crank mechanism allows an upward inertia force produced near a top dead center of each piston to be smaller than a downward inertia force produced near a bottom dead center of the piston in order to reduce secondary vibration occurring during operation. In a four-cycle inline four-cylinder internal combustion engine, a total force of inertia forces exerted from adjacent cylinders to each of second and fourth crankshaft bearings becomes a downward force, which reinforces a downward force produced in response to combustion pressure. These second and fourth crankshaft bearings have a rigidity higher than the remaining crankshaft bearings.
摘要:
An input signal is quantized into a quantization-resultant signal. The quantization-resultant signal is compressed into a compression-resultant signal. The compression-resultant signal is formatted into a formatting-resultant signal corresponding to a predetermined format for a digital recording disc. The formatting-resultant signal includes segments corresponding to user data areas prescribed in the predetermined format. The compression-resultant signal is placed in the segments of the formatting-resultant signal. The formatting-resultant signal is encoded into an encoding-resultant signal of a CD format. The encoding-resultant signal is recorded on a recording medium.
摘要:
An input signal is quantized into a quantization-resultant signal. The quantization-resultant signal is compressed into a compression-resultant signal. The compression-resultant signal is formatted into a formatting-resultant signal corresponding to a predetermined format for a digital recording disc. The formatting-resultant signal includes segments corresponding to user data areas prescribed in the predetermined format. The compression-resultant signal is placed in the segments of the formatting-resultant signal. The formatting-resultant signal is encoded into an encoding-resultant signal of a CD format. The encoding-resultant signal is recorded on a recording medium.
摘要:
An input signal is quantized into a quantization-resultant signal. The quantization-resultant signal is compressed into a compression-resultant signal. The compression-resultant signal is formatted into a formatting-resultant signal corresponding to a predetermined format for a digital recording disc. The formatting-resultant signal includes segments corresponding to user data areas prescribed in the predetermined format. The compression-resultant signal is placed in the segments of the formatting-resultant signal. The formatting-resultant signal is encoded into an encoding-resultant signal of a CD format. The encoding-resultant signal is recorded on a recording medium.
摘要:
A method of producing an acoustic diaphragm includes forming a workpiece having a shape of the acoustic diaphragm by using a natural material which can be carbonized by burning, impregnating a solution including phenol resin into the workpiece, heating the workpiece to bring the phenol resin into a high polymer state, burning the workpiece in a substantially anoxic atmosphere to carbonize the natural material after the heating step, and applying or impregnating the workpiece with a coating material of a solution including phenol resin after the burning step.