公开(公告)号：US20050133700A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-23

申请号：US10745371

申请日：2003-12-22

申请人： Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella ,  Stewart Carl ,  Guanghua Zhang ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos

发明人： Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella ,  Stewart Carl ,  Guanghua Zhang ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos

IPC分类号： G06F3/03 ,  G06F3/033 ,  G06M7/00

CPC分类号： G06F3/03545 ,  G06F3/0321

摘要： A method and apparatus for determining a pose of an elongate object and an absolute position of its tip while the tip is in contact with a plane surface having invariant features. The surface and features are illuminated with a probe radiation and a scattered portion, e.g., the back-scattered portion, of the probe radiation returning from the plane surface and the feature to the elongate object at an angle τ with respect to an axis of the object is detected. The pose is derived from a response of the scattered portion to the surface and the features and the absolute position of the tip on the surface is obtained from the pose and knowledge about the feature. The probe radiation can be directed from the object to the surface at an angle σ to the axis of the object in the form of a scan beam. The scan beam can be made to follow a scan pattern with the aid of a scanning arrangement with one or more arms and one or more uniaxial or biaxial scanners. Angle τ can also be varied, e.g., with the aid of a separate or the same scanning arrangement as used to direct probe radiation to the surface. The object can be a pointer, a robotic arm, a cane or a jotting implement such as a pen, and the features can be edges, micro-structure or macro-structure belonging to, deposited on or attached to the surface which the tip of the object is contacting.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在尖端与具有不变特征的平面接触的情况下，确定细长物体的姿态和其尖端的绝对位置的方法和装置。 表面和特征被探针辐射照射，并且探针辐射的散射部分（例如，背散射部分）从平面表面和特征向细长物体返回，其角度τ相对于 检测到物体。 姿势是从分散部分到表面的响应导出的，并且从关于特征的姿势和知识中获得尖端在表面上的特征和绝对位置。 探针辐射可以以扫描光束的形式从物体以角度与物体的轴线指向表面。 借助于具有一个或多个臂和一个或多个单轴或双轴扫描器的扫描装置，可以使扫描光束跟随扫描图案。 角度tau也可以变化，例如借助于将探针辐射引导到表面的单独或相同的扫描布置。 该物体可以是指针，机器人手臂，手杖或笔记本记录工具，并且特征可以是属于，沉积在或附着到表面上的边缘，微结构或宏观结构，其表面的尖端 对象正在联系。

公开(公告)号：US20050107979A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-19

申请号：US10701817

申请日：2003-11-04

申请人： Dale Buermann ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos ,  Michael Mandella ,  Stewart Carl

发明人： Dale Buermann ,  Hector Gonzalez-Banos ,  Michael Mandella ,  Stewart Carl

IPC分类号： G06F3/033 ,  G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G06F3/03545

摘要： An apparatus and method for determining an inclination angle θ between an axis of an elongate object such as a cane, a pointer or a jotting implement such as a pen, pencil, stylus or the like and a normal to a plane surface at times when a tip of the elongate object is contacting that plane surface. The apparatus has an emitter mounted on the object for illuminating the plane surface with a probe radiation at an angle σ with respect to the axis of the object. The apparatus also has a detector mounted on the elongate object for detecting a radiation characteristic of a scattered portion of the probe radiation returning from the plane surface and a computing unit for deriving the inclination angle θ from the radiation characteristic. A scanning arrangement, such as a uniaxial or biaxial scanner, or a light guiding optic can be used for varying angle σ, and the probe radiation can be emitted in the form of a scan beam. Preferably, the emitter and detector of the scattered portion of the probe radiation are integrated and the scattered portion of the probe radiation whose characteristic is being measured is the back-scattered portion. The radiation characteristic detected by the detector can be the intensity, polarization, time-of-flight or any combination thereof.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定细长物体的轴线之间的倾斜角度θ的装置和方法，所述细长物体诸如手杖，指针或诸如笔，铅笔，触笔等的记录工具以及在平面表面的法线 细长物体的尖端与该平面接触。 该装置具有安装在物体上的发射器，用于以相对于物体的轴线的角度σ来探测辐射照射平面。 该装置还具有安装在细长物体上的检测器，用于检测从平面表面返回的探针辐射的散射部分的辐射特性，以及用于从辐射特性导出倾斜角度θ的计算单元。 可以使用诸如单轴或双轴扫描仪或导光光学器件的扫描装置来改变角度，并且可以以扫描光束的形式发射探测辐射。 优选地，探测辐射的散射部分的发射极和检测器是一体的，并且其特征被测量的探测辐射的散射部分是反向散射部分。 由检测器检测的辐射特性可以是强度，极化，飞行时间或其任何组合。

公开(公告)号：US20140316255A1

公开(公告)日：2014-10-23

申请号：US14241790

申请日：2012-08-23

申请人： Ellis Garai ,  Cristina Zavaleta ,  Michael Mandella ,  Jonathan Liu ,  Sanjiv Sam Gambhir ,  Christopher H. Contag

发明人： Ellis Garai ,  Cristina Zavaleta ,  Michael Mandella ,  Jonathan Liu ,  Sanjiv Sam Gambhir ,  Christopher H. Contag

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B1/07 ,  A61B10/02 ,  A61K49/00 ,  A61B19/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/0075 ,  A61B1/07 ,  A61B5/0079 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B10/02 ,  A61B34/20 ,  A61B2034/2057 ,  A61K49/0095 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G01J1/0433 ,  G01J3/0213 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/658

摘要： In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to Raman imaging devices (e.g., Raman endoscope probes) or systems, methods of using Raman agents, Raman imaging devices, and/or systems to image or detect a signal, and the like.

摘要翻译： 根据本公开的目的，如本文所体现和广泛描述的，本公开的实施例在一个方面涉及拉曼成像装置（例如，拉曼内窥镜探针）或系统，使用拉曼剂的方法 ，拉曼成像装置和/或用于对信号进行成像或检测的系统等。

公开(公告)号：US20050264877A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-01

申请号：US10856511

申请日：2004-05-27

申请人： Michael Mandella ,  Gordon Kino ,  Ning Chan

发明人： Michael Mandella ,  Gordon Kino ,  Ning Chan

IPC分类号： G02B21/00 ,  G02B21/06

CPC分类号： G02B21/0048

摘要： An optical head for confocal microscopy that is especially advantageous for measurements on thick samples is provided. An interface between the optical head and the sample is index matched, to avoid beam aberration at this interface. The optical head includes a window having a convex surface facing away from the sample, so that light beams crossing this convex surface do so at or near normal incidence and are therefore not significantly aberrated. The window is rotationally symmetric about an axis perpendicular to the interface between the head and the sample. The head also includes at least two optical fibers, which can be used for input and/or output. Beams passing to and/or from the fibers are collimated by collimators. A single focusing element couples all the collimated beams to focused beams which pass through the window to intersect within a target region of the sample as confocal beams.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于共焦显微镜的光学头，其特别有利于在厚样品上进行测量。 光头和样品之间的接口是折射率匹配的，以避免在该界面处的光束像差。 光学头包括具有背离样品的凸表面的窗口，使得与该凸表面交叉的光束在正常入射处或接近正态入射，因此不会显着地畸变。 窗口关于垂直于头部和样品之间的界面的轴旋转对称。 该头还包括至少两根可用于输入和/或输出的光纤。 通过光纤和/或光纤的光束被准直器准直。 单个聚焦元件将所有准直光束耦合到通过窗口的聚焦光束，以在样品的目标区域内与​​共聚焦束相交。

公开(公告)号：US20050225742A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-13

申请号：US10824330

申请日：2004-04-13

申请人： Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella

发明人： Dale Buermann ,  Michael Mandella

IPC分类号： G01B11/02 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01S17/46 ,  G01S17/87

CPC分类号： G01B11/02 ,  G01S17/46 ,  G01S17/87

摘要： An apparatus and a method are disclosed for optically determining a distance r to a feature from an origin or a center. The apparatus uses a beam generation unit for launching a reference beam on a reference path and a first beam on a first path. The center from which distance r is determined is selected such that it is along a line of the reference path and not along a line of the first path. Alternatively, the center can be chosen not to lie along a line of the reference path. A rotation mechanism rotates the reference path and the first path about the center such that the reference beam moves over the feature at a reference time tr and the first beam moves over the feature at a first time t1. A determination unit determines distance r between the center and the feature from an angular velocity ω of the reference beam over the feature and from times tr, t1.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于光学地确定从原点或中心到特征的距离r的装置和方法。 该装置使用光束产生单元，用于在参考路径上发射参考光束，并在第一路径上发射第一光束。 选择距离r确定的中心，使得其沿着参考路径的线并且不沿着第一路径的线。 或者，可以选择中心不能沿着参考路径的一条直线。 旋转机构使参考路径和第一路径围绕中心旋转，使得参考光束在参考时间t 1上移动到特征上，并且第一光束在第一时间t 1上移动到特征上， SUB> 1 。 确定单元根据特征和时间t 1，t 1 1从参考光束的角速度ω来确定中心和特征之间的距离r。

公开(公告)号：US20050111084A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-26

申请号：US10721194

申请日：2003-11-24

申请人： Michael Mandella

发明人： Michael Mandella

IPC分类号： G02B13/06 ,  G02B17/08 ,  G02B17/00

CPC分类号： G02B13/06 ,  G02B13/22 ,  G02B17/086

摘要： A solid catadioptric lens with a single viewpoint has a spherical refractive surface with a center C on an optical axis of the lens. An ellipsoidal reflective surface of the lens faces the spherical refractive surface such that a first focus F1 of the ellipsoidal reflective surface is coincident with the center C of the spherical refractive surface. Furthermore, the lens has a shaping surface facing the ellipsoidal reflective surface for shaping a light that passes the single viewpoint. The shaping surface can be refractive, reflective or semi-transparent and its shape can be ellipsoidal with its first focus F1′ coincident with the second focus F2 of the ellipsoidal reflective surface. The single viewpoint of the lens is at the center C of the spherical reflective surface and is enforced with an aperture that can be positioned at various points inside, on a surface or even outside the lens, depending on the type of shaping surface chosen.

摘要翻译： 具有单个视点的固体反射折射透镜具有在透镜的光轴上具有中心C的球面折射表面。 透镜的椭圆反射表面面对球面折射表面，使得椭圆反射表面的第一焦点F 1与球面折射表面的中心C重合。 此外，透镜具有面向椭圆反射表面的成形表面，用于对通过单个视点的光进行成形。 成形表面可以是折射的，反射的或半透明的，并且其形状可以是椭圆形的，其第一焦点F 1'与椭圆反射的第二焦点F 2重合 表面。 透镜的单一视点位于球面反射表面的中心C处，并且可以根据所选择的成形表面的类型，利用可以位于透镜内部，表面或甚至外部的各个点处的孔。