摘要:
A knock sensor signal processing apparatus for an engine, which performs a series of A/D conversions of a knock sensor signal during each of successive knock judgement intervals to obtain A/D converted values for use in judging if engine knocking is occurring in a cylinder, derives compensation coefficients during an interval between the end of a knock judgement interval corresponding to a cylinder and the start of deriving knock sensor signal A/D values in a succeeding knock judgement interval for a succeeding cylinder, and applies these coefficients to correct the A/D converted values derived in the second knock judgement interval.
摘要:
A ball grid array includes: a semiconductor chip having multiple pads; and an interposer for mounting the semiconductor chip on a first surface. The interposer includes multiple wirings on the first surface and multiple ball terminals on a second surface opposite to the first surface. Each wiring is connected to a corresponding pad of the semiconductor chip, and is electrically connected to a corresponding ball terminal. At least one of ball terminals providing a power supply terminal or a ground terminal provides a common ball terminal for connecting to at least two of the pads of the semiconductor chip through two wirings.
摘要:
In an in-vehicle electronic control apparatus (ECU), when a microcomputer stops operation, a timer IC starts the count-up operation. When the count value reaches a preset value, a signal from the timer IC becomes high and a power supply voltage is outputted from a power supply IC to activate the microcomputer. The microcomputer reads the count value from the timer IC when it starts the operation. If such a count value has exceeded the specified value, the microcomputer determines occurrence of a failure. Therefore, if the timer IC cannot activate the power supply IC, the microcomputer can detect a failure upon activation with turning on of an ignition switch.
摘要:
In an electronic control unit for a vehicle, control data is stored in a volatile memory until a predetermined time passes after an ignition switch is turned off. This makes it possible to greatly reduce the frequency at which data is written into a nonvolatile memory. When the predetermined time has passed after the ignition switch is turned off, the control data stored in the volatile memory is written into the nonvolatile memory. Thereafter, the power supply from a power supply circuit to the volatile memory is stopped. Consequently, it is possible to store the control data reliably in either the volatile memory or the nonvolatile memory. It is also possible to reduce the dark current in the volatile memory.
摘要:
An LDD structure and a silicide layer are formed without a reduction in thickness of a silicon substrate or a carbon contamination. Forming a spacer on a sidewall of a gate electrode is performed in two process steps, i.e. dry-etching and wet-etching. Also, a silicon nitride film used as a buffer film in injection of high dose of impurities is removed by wet-etching. As a result, the reduction in thickness of the silicon substrate and the carbon contamination can be prevented. In addition, variation in depth of the high and low impurity concentration regions and silicide forming region with locations on the wafer can be suppressed because of high selection ratio available with the wet-etching.
摘要:
An apparatus aims at detecting an angle of a rotating shaft as a train of bits. A first signal including a train of pulses corresponding to angle intervals of a rotation of the rotating shaft is inputted to the apparatus, and a second signal including a train of clock pulses whose clock cycle is a positive integer submultiple of a pulse cycle of the first signal is inputted to the apparatus. In the apparatus, a first counter is indicative of a higher-order of the train of bits, and counts up or down in synchronization with the pulse cycle of the first signal. A second counter is indicative of a lower-order of the train of bits, and counts either up or down in synchronization with the clock cycle of the second signal. The second counter is cleared in synchronization with the pulse cycle of the first signal.
摘要:
Only predetermined frequency components included in an ion current flowing between an ignition plug and the ground are extracted from the ion current by means of a low pass filter and a high pass filter as a knock detection signal, that is, a signal used for knock detection. This knock detection signal is then subjected to A/D-conversion in an A/D-converter to generate A/D-converted values which are subsequently supplied to a processing unit employed in a digital signal processor. In the processing unit, the A/D-converted values are subjected to a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) frequency analysis. Knock determination based on data obtained from the DFT frequency analysis results in information indicating the operating state of the internal combustion engine. That is, in the frequency analysis of the A/D-converted values obtained as a result of the A/D-conversion of predetermined frequency components of the ion current, a peculiarity such as the occurrence of a knock or the superposition of noise on the signal is clearly recognized.
摘要:
To execute high-accuracy control employing communication data of a microprocessor while attempting standardization of the microprocessor, a host microprocessor is provided with a ROM, RAM, CPU, and DMA controller, and a KCS microprocessor is provided with a ROM, RAM, CPU, and DMA controller. The host microprocessor and the KCS microprocessor are connected by a bidirectional communication line. At a predetermined cycle, the CPU of the host microprocessor sends data in the ROM relating to the content of control of the KCS microprocessor to the RAM of the KCS microprocessor. Engine information (A/D values and so on) are sent from the KCS microprocessor to the host microprocessor at a cycle of 4 ms, but sending of ROM data from the host microprocessor to the KCS microprocessor is performed during free time in this sending cycle. The ROM data is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the data is sent block by block.
摘要:
An air-conditioning apparatus includes actuation control means including an actuation unit that sequentially opens heat medium flow switching devices or heat medium flow control devices on a one-by-one basis. The actuation control means performs control in such a manner that start time of driving of pumps is later than start of actuation of the heat medium flow switching devices and the heat medium flow control devices.
摘要:
A refrigerant circuit is configured by connecting, by pipes, a compressor that compresses a heat-source-side refrigerant, a first refrigerant flow switching device, a heat-source-side heat exchanger, an expansion device, and one or more intermediate heat exchangers that exchange heat between a heat-source-side refrigerant and a heat medium that is different from the heat-source-side refrigerant. A controller performs control of pumps to drive the pumps at a specific pump capacity or higher to circulate the heat medium at a time when a heat recovery defrosting operation for causing the heat-source-side refrigerant that has been heated by the heat medium in the intermediate heat exchangers to flow into the heat-source-side heat exchanger for defrosting purposes.