Abstract:
An integrated circuit is provided. The integrated circuit includes: an active region extending in a first direction; gate electrodes extending in a second direction in parallel with each other; source/drain regions provided on the active region between the gate electrodes; a first gate contact connected to the gate electrodes and extending in the first direction; a first gate wiring pattern provided in a first wiring layer, electrically connected to the gate electrodes through the first gate contact, and overlapping the first gate contact along a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; and source/drain wiring patterns provided in a second wiring layer, electrically connected to the source/drain regions, respectively, extending in parallel with the second direction, and overlapping the source/drain regions along the third direction, the second wiring layer being provided on the first wiring layer.
Abstract:
A digital-to-analog conversion circuit includes a first digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a second DAC. The first DAC includes a first current generation circuit (CGC) and a first current-to-voltage converter. The first CGC generates a first current based on a first digital code received through a first terminal to provide the first current to an output node. The second DAC includes a second CGC and a second current-to-voltage converter. The second CGC generates a second current based on a second digital code received through a second input terminal to provide the second current to the output node. The first current-to-voltage converter and the second current-to-voltage converter convert a sum of the first current and the second current to a an analog voltage corresponding to a sum of the first digital code and the second digital code, and output the analog voltage at the output node.
Abstract:
A phase-rotating phase locked loop (PLL) may include first and second loops that share a loop filter and a voltage controlled oscillator in order to perform the operation of a phase-rotating PLL, the first and second loops configured to activate in response to an enable signal. The PLL may further include a phase frequency detection controller configured to provide the enable signal to the first and second loops in response to a transition of a coarse signal that may be applied as a digital code.