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11.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4247879A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-27
申请号：US897885
申请日：1978-04-19
申请人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
摘要： A ground fault circuit breaker is provided which includes means for sensing ground fault current and for analyzing the waveform of the ground fault current. An operating mechanism automatically separates the contacts of the circuit breaker upon detection of ground fault current waveforms corresponding to the waveform of current passing through human skin. In a preferred embodiment, means are provided to synchronously detect the third harmonic component of ground fault current using phase and amplitude information to determine the presence of a ground fault path through human skin. Alternatively, means are provided to sense peak and average values of ground fault current and to trip the breaker whenever the ratio of peak to average ground fault current exceeds a predetermined level. In another alternative, the slope of the ground fault current at zero crossing is detected and compared to the ground fault current peaks. Whenever the ratio of peak current to zero crossing slope exceeds a predetermined level, the mechanism of the breaker is tripped.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种接地故障断路器，它包括用于检测接地故障电流和分析接地故障电流波形的装置。 检测到与通过人体皮肤的电流波形相对应的接地故障电流波形时，操作机构自动分离断路器的触点。 在优选实施例中，提供了使用相位和幅度信息来同步地检测接地故障电流的三次谐波分量的装置，以确定通过人体皮肤的接地故障路径的存在。 或者，提供用于感测接地故障电流的峰值和平均值并且每当峰值对平均接地故障电流的比率超过预定水平时跳闸断路器的装置。 在另一种选择中，检测过零点的接地故障电流的斜率，并将其与接地故障电流峰值进行比较。 每当峰值电流与零交叉斜率的比率超过预定值时，断路器的机构跳闸。
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公开(公告)号：US4186431A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-29
申请号：US900945
申请日：1978-04-28
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , George Hines
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , George Hines
CPC分类号： G03B27/542 , F21V3/04 , F21V7/22
摘要： A cylindrical, elongated incandescent lamp is positioned within a tubular light reflecting member including a line light diffuser strip window. The light reflecting member responds to the electrical excitation of the incandescent lamp by emitting a light pattern through the line light diffuser strip window.
摘要翻译： 圆柱形细长的白炽灯位于包括线光漫射器条窗的管状光反射构件内。 光反射部件通过线路光扩散器条窗口发出光图案来响应白炽灯的电激励。
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公开(公告)号：US20210283486A1
公开(公告)日：2021-09-16
申请号：US16816890
申请日：2020-03-12
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
IPC分类号： A63B71/02
摘要： A releasable net system using a releasable net attachment mechanism is provided. The releasable net system includes two or more upright structures with lateral support structures extending therebetween, and at least one net configured with the lateral support structures to form a net wall. The at least one net is attached to the lateral support structures using one or more releasable attachment mechanisms that are adapted to break under a predetermined load. In this way, the releasable attachment mechanisms may release the net from the support structures under environmental load conditions (high winds, snow, freezing rain) prior to the collapse of the support structures. The system may be used with outdoor netting systems such as those used for errant ball containment at golf driving ranges.
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公开(公告)号：US07952842B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-31
申请号：US11862342
申请日：2007-09-27
申请人： Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Joseph C. Engel
IPC分类号： H02H3/00
CPC分类号： H02H3/335 , H02H1/0015 , H02H3/04
摘要： A circuit breaker includes separable contacts; a load conductor; a neutral conductor; and an operating mechanism structured to open and close the separable contacts. An arc fault trip circuit cooperates with the operating mechanism and trips open the separable contacts responsive to detection of an arc fault condition associated with current flowing through the separable contacts. A ground fault trip circuit cooperates with the operating mechanism and is structured to trip open the separable contacts responsive to detection of a ground fault condition associated with current flowing through the separable contacts, the load conductor and the neutral conductor. The arc fault trip circuit includes an integration capacitor, and the ground fault trip circuit includes an output to the integration capacitor.
摘要翻译： 断路器包括可分离触点; 负载导体; 中性导体 以及构造成打开和关闭可分离触点的操作机构。 电弧故障跳闸电路与操作机构配合，并响应于检测到与流过可分离触点的电流相关联的电弧故障状况而跳开可分离触点。 接地故障跳闸电路与操作机构配合，并且被构造为响应于检测到与流过可分离触点，负载导体和中性导体的电流相关联的接地故障状况而跳开可分离触点。 电弧故障跳闸电路包括积分电容器，接地故障跳闸电路包括积分电容器的输出。
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公开(公告)号：US06407897B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09540407
申请日：2000-03-31
IPC分类号： H02H300
摘要： A network protector is provided with diagnostics which alert a utility of component problems in detail. Selected measurements are used to assess the condition of various components such as for example, main contact electrical resistance, a blown fuse, the availability of sufficient voltage for charging the springs which close the main contacts and adequate voltage for tripping the contacts open. These abnormal operating conditions are transmitted to a remote station at the utility so that proper maintenance can be efficiently provided.
摘要翻译： 网络保护器具有诊断功能，可以详细地提醒组件问题的实用性。 所选的测量用于评估各种部件的状况，例如主接触电阻，熔断的保险丝，充满电压的充足电压，使弹簧闭合主触头和足够的电压以使触点断开。 这些异常操作条件被传送到公用事业的远程站，以便有效地提供适当的维护。
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16.发明授权Circuit breaker responsive to repeated in-rush currents produced by a sputtering arc fault 有权断路器响应于由溅射电弧故障产生的重复冲击电流
公开(公告)号：US6057997A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US324560
申请日：1999-06-03
CPC分类号： H02H1/043 , H02H1/0015 , H02H3/335 , H02H3/44
摘要： A circuit breaker responds to sputtering arc faults by counting the times that a bandwidth limited di/dt signal exceeds a threshold magnitude within a selected time interval. In the exemplary circuit breaker, if the threshold is exceeded twice within a one second interval, a trip solenoid is energized. The di/dt sensor can share a sensing coil with a ground fault detector. Alternatively, the resistance of the neutral lead within the circuit breaker is utilized to sense current which is converted to a bandwidth limited di/dt signal for level detection and counting of sputtering arc events.
摘要翻译： 断路器通过对带宽有限的di / dt信号在选定的时间间隔内超过阈值的时间进行计数来响应溅射电弧故障。 在示例性断路器中，如果阈值在一秒间隔内超过两次，则跳闸螺线管通电。 di / dt传感器可以与接地故障检测器共享感测线圈。 或者，断路器内的中性线的电阻用于检测转换为带宽限制的di / dt信号的电流，用于电平检测和溅射电弧事件的计数。
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公开(公告)号：US5861683A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-19
申请号：US865687
申请日：1997-05-30
CPC分类号： H02J3/14 , G01R19/2513 , Y02B70/3225 , Y04S20/222 , Y10T307/461
摘要： A panelboard for power lines and loads includes a housing; a plurality of circuit breakers housed by the housing; and a panelboard controller substantially housed by the housing. Some of the circuit breakers, which switch a circuit from one or more of the power lines to the loads, include remotely controllable actuating circuits for actuating the circuit breakers and switching a circuit from one or more of the power lines to one or more of the loads. The panelboard controller includes a monitoring circuit for monitoring power or energy consumed in the circuits of the circuit breakers and a control circuit for controlling the remotely controllable actuating circuits.
摘要翻译： 用于电力线和负载的电路板包括壳体; 由所述壳体容纳的多个断路器; 以及基本上由所述壳体容纳的面板控制器。 将电路从一个或多个电力线路切换到负载的一些电路断路器包括用于致动断路器的远程控制的致动电路，并且将电路从一个或多个电力线切换到一个或多个 负载 面板控制器包括用于监视断路器的电路中的功率消耗或能量消耗的监控电路以及用于控制可远程控制的致动电路的控制电路。
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公开(公告)号：US5420740A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-30
申请号：US121707
申请日：1993-09-15
摘要： In a ground fault circuit interrupter in which it was found that wide band noise induced by load transients is rectified by an op-amp in the detector circuit, false trips due to the wide band noise are eliminated by only comparing the output of the amplifier with a threshold of opposite polarity to that of the rectified noise signal and by eliminating capacitive coupling between the current sensor and the op amp. This requires an op amp with a low offset, on the order of about five percent or less.
摘要翻译： 在接地故障电路断路器中，发现由负载瞬变引起的宽带噪声由检测器电路中的运算放大器整流，由于宽带噪声导致的假跳闸仅通过将放大器的输出与 与整流噪声信号相反极性的阈值，以及消除电流传感器和运算放大器之间的电容耦合。 这需要具有低偏移量的运算放大器，大约为百分之五或更少。
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19.发明授权Energy monitoring system for a plurality of local stations with snapshot polling from a central station 失效用于具有来自中心站的快照轮询的多个本地站的能量监视系统
公开(公告)号：US5384712A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-24
申请号：US746019
申请日：1991-08-15
IPC分类号： G01R21/133 , G01R21/00 , G01R22/00
CPC分类号： G01R21/133
摘要： A PC computer monitors the energy consumed at a plurality of local stations placed behind the electrical meter of the utility company for individual billing of the local users, a bidirectional communication line being used therebetween. A command from the PC computer causes at each station the totalized energy to be stored, and thereafter the PC computer derives individually the results for separate estimations and central billing.
摘要翻译： PC计算机监视位于公用事业公司的电表之后的多个本地电台的能量消耗，用于本地用户的单独计费，其间使用双向通信线路。 来自PC计算机的命令导致每个站的总能量被存储，然后PC计算机分别得出结果以进行单独的估计和中央计费。
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20.发明授权Method and apparatus for rapidly analyzing AC waveforms containing DC offsets 失效用于快速分析包含DC偏移的交流波形的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5060166A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-22
申请号：US446739
申请日：1989-12-06
申请人： Joseph C. Engel , Deborah K. Mort
发明人： Joseph C. Engel , Deborah K. Mort
CPC分类号： H02H3/50 , H02H1/0007
摘要： A method and apparatus for rapidly analyzing ac waveforms containing dc offset by generating digitized samples of the waveform to be analyzed with alternate samples separated by ninety electrical degrees. Alternate samples are paired for calculation of the magnitude and phase of the waveform. A suitable microcomputer performs a calculation using pairs of the most recently generated samples. Using the pairs of samples, the microcomputer calculates the dc offset, and the peak magnitude of the waveform which may be voltage or current. The phase angle of the waveform can also be calculated if required. The method and apparatus are particularly useful with protective systems where the calculation is necessary to determine whether there is a fault on an electric power transmission line. In addition, the effects of dc offset are eliminated and thereby false trips are avoided. A reliable system having a fast response time at relatively modest cost is provided.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置，用于通过用待分析的替代样品的数字化采样生成包含直流偏移的九十度电压，来快速分析待分析的波形。 备用样品配对用于计算波形的幅度和相位。 合适的微计算机使用最近生成的样本的对来执行计算。 使用这些采样对，微计算机计算直流偏移，波形的峰值幅度可以是电压或电流。 如果需要，也可以计算波形的相位角。 该方法和装置对于需要计算以确定电力输送线路是否存在故障的保护系统是特别有用的。 此外，消除了直流偏移的影响，从而避免了假跳闸。 提供了以相对适中的成本具有快速响应时间的可靠系统。
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