Abstract:
An SNCR distribution grid for introducing a NOx reducing reactant into a flue gas flow. The grid is made of one or more elements which are formed by fluid-cooled tubes to which membrane pieces are attached, preferably by welding, to form conduits in between the tubes. The fluid-cooled tubes may be cooled by water and/or steam and the distribution grid is disposed in the flue gas flow. To admit the reactant into the flue gas, nozzles are provided in the membrane and the reactant is conveyed from a location external of the furnace or combustor enclosure, into the conduits so formed, and thence out into the Flue gas flow via the nozzles.
Abstract:
A chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprises a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective covers (3 and 4), at least one reaction zone (7, 8) in which a respective catalytic bed (9, 10) and a plurality of heat exchangers (25) placed in said at least one reaction zone (7, 8) are supported.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns an isothermal reactor (1) for carrying out exothermal or endothermal heterogeneous reactions comprising: —a substantially cylindrical outer shell (2) with longitudinal axis (X), —at least one catalytic bed (6) extending in the shell (2) and comprising opposite perforated side walls (7, 8) respectively for the inlet of a gaseous flow of reactants and for the outlet of a gaseous flow comprising reaction products, and —a heat exchange unit (12) immersed in said at least one catalytic bed (6) and crossed by a heat exchange fluid, characterized in that said heat exchange unit (12) comprises at least one succession of heat exchangers (13) arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially parallel to the direction in which said at least one catalytic bed (6) is crossed by said gaseous flow of reactants.
Abstract:
Pseudo-isothermal radial chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprising a substantially cylindrical shell closed at the opposite ends by respective base plates, comprising a reaction zone in which a respective catalytic bed is supported and a plurality of heat exchangers placed in said reaction zone.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a continuous process for heat treatment of a particulate thermoplastic material comprising a thermoplastic semi-crystalline polymer in the solid state in a single flow-through installation comprising one or more heating zones, wherein each heating zone comprises a contact heater consisting of an array of heating plates, the granulate material is transported as a moving packed bed in the flow-through installation, the process comprises one or more heating steps and in each heating step the particulate material is heated through contact heating via the contact heater, or one of the contact heaters, and optionally a flow of inert gas is applied in one or more heating zones with a mass ratio G/M of at most 2, wherein G is the inert gas flow in kg/hour and M is the particulate material flow in kg/hour.
Abstract:
A method for the production of heat exchangers (10, 110, 210) of the so-called plate type, comprising the operative steps of: —juxtaposing a couple of substantially identical metal plates (12, 14), —fixing together said juxtaposed plates (12, 14) to one another by means of welding performed at respective perimetric sides (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d), —further fixing together said juxtaposed plates to each other by means of a plurality of welding tracts (22), arranged in at least two alignments, parallel and adjacent to a couple of opposite perimetric sides (13a, 13c) of the plates themselves (12, 14), and at a pre-established spaced relationship from said sides, —introducing a fluid under pressure between said juxtaposed metal plates (12, 14), to form a hollow, substantially box-shaped body (17), in which an internal chamber (16) and two substantially tubular passages (16a, 16b), formed between said couple of opposite perimetric sides (13a, 13c) and the respective adjacent alignments of the welding tracts (22), are defined, said substantially tubular passages (16a, 16b) having an axis parallel to said opposite perimetric sides (13a, 13c) and being in fluid communication with said internal chamber (16), —cutting said hollow body (17) along said substantially tubular passages (16a, 16c) and in the direction of their axis, thus obtaining a hollow body (17) equipped, on opposite sides, with substantially semi-tubular passages (16c, 16d), open towards the outside of the body (17) itself, —associating with said substantially semi-tubular passages (16c, 16d), respective distributor duct (18) and collector duct (20).
Abstract:
An isothermal chemical reactor (1) is described comprising a plate (30) heat exchange unit (12), immersed in a catalytic bed (7) and destined to heat or cool the reagents in order to maintain the reaction temperature in a predetermined range; said plates (30) are formed by two flat walls (31, 32) and longitudinal spacers (33), with obtainment of parallel channels (34) for the circulation of a heat exchange fluid.
Abstract:
A multi-stage fluidized bed synthesizer and process for synthesizing trichlorosilane wherein silicon particles can be fed into one of multiple intercommunicating fluidizing zones in a fluidized bed reactor supplied with fluidizing gas comprising hydrogen chloride. The fluidizing zones can be disposed laterally adjacent one to another, for example side-by-side, or in a horizontal line. Useful embodiments include: feeding the fluidizing gas at different rates and/or compositions to the different fluidizing zones; filtration apparatus to filter the gaseous product and return silicon particles to the reactor and cooling systems for cooling the fluidized bed and the gas volumes above the fluidized beds, if present.
Abstract:
System for supporting a plate heat exchanger (10, 100, 200) inside an isothermal chemical reactor (1), comprising a circumferential ring structure (40) fixed at least to top radial sides (19s) of the plates (11), said structure being formed as a single or double ring.
Abstract:
Method and reactor for performing Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis with controlled steam partial pressure by introducing cool points in the FT reactor, typically in form of cooled solid surfaces. At the surface, the low temperature will force condensation of the water into a liquid film. Thereby, the partial pressure of steam in the gas and reactor will not exceed significantly the vapour partial pressure at the liquid film and water from the gas stream will be removed as it is produced, i.e. steam induced deactivation is avoided. In addition, the decrease of hydrogen and carbon monoxide partial pressures due to dilution by steam will be kept low ensuring a constant high reaction rate.