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公开(公告)号：US1250260A
公开(公告)日：1917-12-18
申请号：US9022016
申请日：1916-04-10
申请人： WILCOX GEORGE
发明人： WILCOX GEORGE
IPC分类号： F24S10/50
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公开(公告)号：US06014968A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-18
申请号：US705587
申请日：1996-08-29
申请人： Siang Teik Teoh
发明人： Siang Teik Teoh
CPC分类号： F24J2/265 , F24J2/345 , F24J2/44 , F24J2/4632 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A collector core (104) for a solar water-heating-system (100) includes a plurality of heat-absorbing pipes (108) each of which surrounds a cooler-water return-pipe (116). The heating-pipes (108) may connect directly to an insulated hot-water storage-tank (104) from which cooler water descends through the return-pipes (116) into the heating-pipes (108). Upon reaching the end of the return-pipes (116), the cooler water flows outward into the space between the surrounding heating-pipes (108) and the inner return-pipes (116). Upon warming, water between the two pipes (108, 116) rises upward back to the hot-water storage-tank (104) thus completing the thermosyphon flow cycle. Preferably, the inner return-pipe (116) is made of polyvinyl chloride ("PVC"), polybutelene ("PB"), or other compressible material which permits collector core (106) operation both in freezing and non-freezing environments. Alternatively, the collector core (106) may be added to an existing solar water-heating panel (102') to improve its operation.
摘要翻译： 用于太阳能热水系统（100）的收集器芯（104）包括多个围绕冷水回流管（116）的吸热管（108）。 加热管（108）可以直接连接到绝热的热水储存箱（104），较冷的水通过回流管（116）从其中下降到加热管（108）中。 在到达回流管（116）的端部时，较冷的水向外流入周围的加热管（108）和内回流管（116）之间的空间。 在加热时，两个管道（108,116）之间的水向上升回到热水储存罐（104），从而完成热虹吸流动循环。 优选地，内部回流管116由聚氯乙烯（“PVC”），聚丁烯（“PB”）或其它可压缩材料制成，其允许收集器芯（106）在冷冻和非冻结环境中操作。 或者，可以将收集器芯（106）添加到现有的太阳能热水面板（102'）以改善其操作。
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公开(公告)号：US5316872A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-31
申请号：US984746
申请日：1992-12-03
申请人： Stephen C. Baer
发明人： Stephen C. Baer
CPC分类号： F28D20/0034 , F24J2/44 , F28D15/00 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/615 , H01M10/635 , H01M10/647 , H01M10/6554 , H01M10/6567 , Y02E10/40 , Y02E60/142
摘要： The invention provides apparatus for controlling the ambient temperature of an enclosure for containing temperature-sensitive equipment utilizing a quantity of water. A water container is located inside the enclosure. A generally flat, hollow radiator is provided in a nearly horizontal configuration proximate and exterior to the enclosure above the level of the upper end of the water container. The radiator has an exposed upper surface adapted to radiate heat into the atmosphere. A pair of symmetric conduits provide a pair of parallel flow paths from spaced apart container entry/exit positions proximate the upper end of the water container to spaced apart radiator entry/exit positions in the radiator.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供用于控制用于容纳使用一定量的水的温度敏感设备的外壳的环境温度的装置。 水箱位于外壳内。 大致平坦的中空散热器设置成在水容器的上端的水平面上方的外壳附近和外部几乎水平的配置。 散热器具有暴露的上表面，适于将热量辐射到大气中。 一对对称导管从靠近水容器上端的间隔开的容器入口/出口位置提供一对平行的流动通道，以在散热器中间隔开的散热器入口/出口位置。
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14.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4599994A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-15
申请号：US485246
申请日：1983-04-15
申请人： S. Warren Cole
发明人： S. Warren Cole
CPC分类号： F24J2/345 , F24J2/44 , F24J2/4632 , Y02E10/40
摘要： A thermosiphon solar water heating system includes a solar energy collector coupled to an elevated heated water storage tank. Water at about 4.degree. C. is produced and used to displace colder, less dense water in the solar collector, thereby establishing circulation through the system which controls freezing and prevents rupturing. Denser water is produced by mixing cold water of less than 4.degree. C. rising from the solar collector with warmer water greater than 4.degree. C. in the storage tank. The denser water is directed by gravity to the solar collector.
摘要翻译： 热虹吸太阳能热水系统包括耦合到升高的加热储水箱的太阳能收集器。 生产约4℃的水，用于在太阳能收集器中移动较冷，较不密集的水，从而建立通过控制冷冻并防止破裂的系统的循环。 通过将来自太阳能收集器的低于4℃的冷水与大于4℃的较高的水混合在储罐中来生产密封水。 较重的水通过重力引导到太阳能收集器。
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公开(公告)号：US4527545A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-09
申请号：US507333
申请日：1983-06-24
摘要： The invention relates to a solar energy system comprising a collector consisting of a sloping space exposed to solar light for a heat transporting medium performing a primary circulation, which is thermally coupled by the downward run with a working medium circuit.An object of the invention is to design a solar energy system in a manner such that in contrast to the conventional system no control or safety apparatus is required, since solely natural, physical mechanisms are used so that a self-controlling operation is obtained, as a result of which the risk of disturbances and standstill is considerably reduced and the intrinsic safety is enhanced.The above-mentioned purposes are, in general, achieved by means of a system set forth in the preamble, the primary circulation of which takes place in a vessel partly filled with fluid and partly with the vapor thereof and operating as a heat pipe.The invention further provides a solar heat collector, the active surface of which is divided into cells bounded by upright ribs. Owing to the provision of such cells the dissipation of heat by convection due to wind brushing past can be reduced to negligible proportions.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种太阳能系统，其包括由暴露于太阳光的倾斜空间的收集器，所述倾斜空间用于执行初级循环的热传输介质，其通过向下运动与工作介质回路热耦合。 本发明的目的是设计太阳能系统，使得与常规系统不同，不需要控制或安全装置，因为仅使用自然的物理机制，从而获得自我控制操作，如 其结果是干扰和静止的风险大大降低，本质安全性得到提高。 上述目的通常通过前序部分中阐述的系统来实现，该系统的主要循环在部分充满流体且部分地具有蒸汽的容器中进行并作为热管运行。 本发明还提供一种太阳能热收集器，其活动表面被分成由直立肋限定的单元。 由于提供这样的电池，由于过去的风刷过来的对流散热可以减少到可忽略的比例。
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公开(公告)号：US4505260A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-19
申请号：US406253
申请日：1982-09-09
申请人： James B. Metzger
发明人： James B. Metzger
摘要： Radiant energy such as solar energy is utilized to form a vapor from a liquid state of a material. Concentrated radiant energy is directed through a liquid lens to a target for absorption of the radiation. The target in this way is heated to a high temperature and produces steam or other vapor at high pressure. High efficiency at low over-all cost is achieved by (1) the direct vaporization of a liquid within a collector enclosing the target structure; (2) the recovery of energy absorbed by the liquid lens; (3) the reduction in conductive and convective heat losses in the solar collector by special enclosure of the target within the collector; (4) recovery of heat as blackbody radiation from the target by using reflective walls within the enclosure and/or permitting absorption of the blackbody radiation by the liquid lens; and (5) an optional use of a heat pump effect for increasing the output of the collector.
摘要翻译： 利用诸如太阳能的辐射能量从物质的液体状态形成蒸汽。 集中的辐射能通过液体透镜被引导到目标以吸收辐射。 以这种方式将目标物加热到高温并在高压下产生蒸汽或其它蒸气。 低成本的高效率通过以下方式实现：（1）在围绕目标结构的收集器内的液体的直接蒸发; （2）液体透镜吸收的能量的恢复; （3）收集器内目标特殊外壳在太阳能收集器中导电和对流热损耗的减少; （4）通过使用外壳内的反射壁和/或允许由液体透镜吸收黑体辐射，从而从目标物体回收热量作为黑体辐射; 和（5）可选地使用热泵效应来增加收集器的输出。
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公开(公告)号：US4478211A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-23
申请号：US389630
申请日：1982-06-18
申请人： Eldon L. Haines , Ralph E. Bartera
发明人： Eldon L. Haines , Ralph E. Bartera
摘要： A self-pumping solar heating system having a collector including a multitude of small diameter riser tubes from which heated liquid is pumped into a header by a geyser action. A vapor condenser assures a header pressure conducive to bubble nucleation in the riser tube upper end segments. The level of liquid within the header or its outlet is higher than the liquid level in the riser tubes to produce a gravity imbalance capable of circulating heated liquid past a storage heat exchanger, below the header, and then upwardly through the closed vapor condenser in the header prior to return to a collector inlet manifold. A modified header utilizes an open vapor condenser in vapor communication with the collector header.
摘要翻译： 一种自吸式太阳能加热系统，其具有收集器，该收集器包括多个小直径提升管，加热的液体通过喷射器作用被泵送到集管中。 蒸气冷凝器确保有利于提升管上端段中的气泡成核的集管压力。 集管或其出口内的液体水平高于提升管中的液面，以产生重力不平衡，其能够使加热的液体通过集管下面的储存热交换器循环，然后向上通过封闭的蒸气冷凝器 在返回收集器入口歧管之前的头部。 改进的集管利用与收集器集管蒸气连通的开放式蒸气冷凝器。
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公开(公告)号：US4346731A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-31
申请号：US267130
申请日：1981-05-26
CPC分类号： F24J2/44 , F16K15/04 , F16K31/002 , Y02E10/40 , Y10T137/7436 , Y10T137/7737 , Y10T137/791 , Y10T137/85962
摘要： A check valve for a thermosiphoning solar energy system having a buoyant movably disposed element situated between primary and auxiliary valve seats. Under normal operating conditions flow enters the top of the valve and passes downwardly through the primary seat thereby dislodging the movable element from its seated position. The element, however, is designed to have a density greater than the fluid at high temperatures, which causes the element to lodge in the auxiliary seat to prevent the further flow of the thermosiphoning fluid.
摘要翻译： 一种用于热虹吸太阳能系统的止回阀，其具有位于主阀座和辅助阀座之间的浮力可移动地设置的元件。 在正常操作条件下，流入阀的顶部并向下通过主座，从而将可移动元件从其就座位置移开。 然而，该元件被设计成具有比高温下的流体密度更大的密度，这导致元件放置在辅助座中以防止热虹吸流体的进一步流动。
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19.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4290417A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-22
申请号：US58741
申请日：1979-07-18
CPC分类号： F24J2/4649 , F24J2/44 , Y02E10/40 , Y10S126/91
摘要： A solar heating system in which the heating transfer medium is circulated from the heat absorbing member through the heat exchange area by means of gravitational forces which are augmented by the use of a transfer medium containing additives which change in state from fluid to gaseous as they move through the system. An emulsifying agent is also employed within the circulating fluid to prevent agglomeration of the additives. The use of one or more additives within the circulating fluid depending upon ambient conditions is disclosed.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能加热系统，其中加热转移介质通过重力从吸热构件通过热交换区域循环，所述重力通过使用包含在流体状态从状态变化到气态的添加剂的转移介质而增加 通过系统。 在循环流体中也使用乳化剂以防止添加剂的附聚。 公开了根据环境条件在循环流体中使用一种或多种添加剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4170220A
公开(公告)日：1979-10-09
申请号：US912096
申请日：1978-06-02
申请人： Henry C. Smith
发明人： Henry C. Smith
CPC分类号： F24J2/22 , F24J2/202 , F24J2/44 , F28F2210/10 , Y02E10/44 , Y10S126/906
摘要： A solar heat collector is illustrated wherein a flat box has an inlet port and an outlet port connected by a tortuous flow path defined by upright baffle means, said tortuous flow path including a plurality of individual side-by-side interconnected passageways.
摘要翻译： 示出了太阳能集热器，其中扁平箱具有通过由直立挡板装置限定的曲折流动路径连接的入口端口和出口端口，所述曲折流动路径包括多个单独的并排互连通道。
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