摘要:
An optical repeater having a loop-back function is provided in a transmission system including first and second transmission lines. The optical repeater includes a first optical amplifier connected to the first transmission line, a second optical amplifier connected to the second transmission line, a loop-back unit connected to both transmission lines, and a control unit. The control unit controls the loop-back unit to form a loop-back line when a loop-back instruction is detected. Therefore, optical signals are directly amplified without being converted into electrical signals, and a loop-back signal (return signal) and optical signals are not mixed in the optical repeater so that a loop-back operation can be correctly carried out in an optical repeater having a small size and low power consumption.
摘要:
A transmission line between terminals of a three-terminal station is branched by a branching unit and power is transmitted between the terminals of the three-terminal station and a power feed system in the transmission line including: a switch for switching a power feed line feeding power to a repeater between a both-end power feed mode and a single-end power feed mode; and connection holding means for holding a power feed connection state without change upon an occurrence of a failure.
摘要:
A process for producing mono, bis or tris(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)benzene, which comprises bringing benzene into reaction with 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene in the presence of an acid catalyst selected from the group consisting of hydrogen fluoride, boron trifluoride and a mixture thereof, is disclosed.
摘要:
A blood clotting end point detector which includes means for monitoring an electrical signal representing the value A of one or more optical properties of a blood plasma sample to which a coagulating agent has been added, means for deriving the first and the second differentials with respect to time of the value A, means for detecting the moment Ta when the second differential changes from negative to positive or becomes positive, means for detecting the moment Tb when the second differential next changes from positive to negative, means for deriving the difference (R) between the tangent to the curve A at the moment Ta and the curve A, means for determining whether the difference (R) or the integral, with respect to time from moment Ta to moment Tb, of the difference (R) exceeds a predetermined threshold value, in which case moment Tb is taken as the true clotting end point.
摘要:
Carbonless copying paper comprising paper coated with microcapsules containing a dye solution which is composed of a solvent, a dye which gives color under acidic conditions and a mineral oil, said dye solution including as solvent one or more of alkylnaphthalenes of the general formula ##STR1## WHEREIN R represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, n is an integer of 1-4, and R may be the same or different when n is 2-4, the total number of carbon atoms in R's being 4-6. Such carbonless copying papers exhibit excellent color development and are non-toxic and biodegradable, thus causing no environmental pollution when they are discarded.
摘要:
Ethylene copolymer compositions having excellent dielectric properties comprising an alkylfluoranthene having the following formula: ##SPC1##(wherein R represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and x is an integer of from 1 to 4, and when x is an integer of 2 or greater, R may be different or the same) in an amount of at least 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of an ethylene copolymer.
摘要:
A cleaning device includes a cleaning unit including a shaft portion and contactors, the shaft portion being rotatably provided, the contactors being provided along an outer periphery of the shaft portion so as to contact a member to be cleaned, the contactors being formed of conductive fiber, the cleaning unit cleaning the member to be cleaned by rotating and by electrostatically attracting dirt adhered to the member to be cleaned. The contactors satisfy the following condition: 0
摘要:
A primary transfer device includes a primary transfer roll that is capable of being engaged with and disengaged from an intermediate transfer member to which a developer image is primarily transferred; and a setting-changing unit that changes a setting of pressure of the primary transfer roll to the intermediate transfer member in accordance with kind of a recording medium to which the developer image is secondarily transferred, wherein the setting-changing unit has an irregular medium transfer mode for a case where the recording medium to which the developer image is a recording medium having irregularities formed on a surface thereof, and an ordinary transfer mode for a case where the recording medium is a recording medium other than the recording medium having the irregularities, wherein a pressure set in the irregular medium transfer mode is smaller than that set in the ordinary transfer mode.
摘要:
The image heating apparatus includes a rubber layer and a resin tube layer on a metal core. The rubber layer includes a solid rubber layer having a thermal conductivity in a thickness direction of 0.16 W/(m·K) or more and 0.40 W/(m·K) or less, and a self-bonded silicone rubber layer that contains a filler of 5 vol % or more and 40 vol % or less, and has a thermal conductivity in an axial direction of 2.5 W/(m·K) or more and a thickness of 0.5 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, the filler having a length of 0.05 mm or more and 1 mm or less and a thermal conductivity in a length direction of 500 W/(m·K) or more, so that a pressure roller to moderate temperature rise in a non-sheet feeding area when a small sized recording material has undergone sheet feeding can be easily manufactured.