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公开(公告)号：US12147038B2
公开(公告)日：2024-11-19
申请号：US16539818
申请日：2019-08-13
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele , Byron R. Cocilovo , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display that produce images. The display may generate light for an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may include a waveguide that propagates the light in a first direction towards the output coupler. The output coupler may couple the light out of the waveguide towards the eye box while inverting a parity of the light about the first direction. The coupler may include a first element such as a set of partial mirrors or diffractive gratings that redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. The coupler may include a second element that redirects a second portion of the light in a third direction opposite the second direction. The first element may redirect the second portion and the second element may redirect the first portion towards the eye box.
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公开(公告)号：US20240310566A1
公开(公告)日：2024-09-19
申请号：US18597862
申请日：2024-03-06
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Choon How Gan , Adam Backer , Ben-Li Sheu , Francesco Aieta , Ping Qu , Se Baek Oh , Zhenwen Ding
CPC classification number: G02B6/0016 , G02B6/0018 , G02B6/0036 , G02B27/0172
Abstract: An electronic device may have a waveguide, an input coupler that couples light into the waveguide, and an optical coupler that couples the light out of the waveguide. A medium may be layered onto the waveguide. The input coupler may include a first surface relief grating (SRG) and the optical coupler may include a second SRG in the medium. The first SRG may be a non-binary staircase SRG having ridges with multiple steps. The second SRG may be a binary SRG having troughs that extend to the height of the lowest steps of the first SRG. A reflective layer may fill the first SRG. Forming the input coupler using a staircase SRG may serve to maximize the in-coupling efficiency of the input coupler, thereby maximizing the efficiency with which the light is provided to an eye box.
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公开(公告)号：US20240053823A1
公开(公告)日：2024-02-15
申请号：US18493482
申请日：2023-10-24
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Kathrin Berkner-Cieslicki , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Christopher F. Griffo , Bradley C. Steele , Ting Sun , Kenichi Saito , Noah D. Bedard
CPC classification number: G06F3/013 , G02B27/0093 , G02B27/0172 , G02B2027/0138 , G02B2027/014 , G02B2027/0174 , G02B2027/0187
Abstract: An eye tracking system for detecting position and movements of a user's eyes in a head-mounted display (HMD). The eye tracking system includes at least one eye tracking camera, an illumination source that emits infrared light towards the user's eyes, and diffraction gratings located at the eyepieces. The diffraction gratings redirect or reflect at least a portion of infrared light reflected off the user's eyes, while allowing visible light to pass. The cameras capture images of the user's eyes from the infrared light that is redirected or reflected by the diffraction gratings.
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公开(公告)号：US20230314810A1
公开(公告)日：2023-10-05
申请号：US18181374
申请日：2023-03-09
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Scott M. DeLapp , Se Baek Oh
CPC classification number: G02B27/0172 , G03H1/0248 , G02B2027/0174 , G03H2223/23
Abstract: A display may include a waveguide, a diffractive input coupler, and an output coupler. The input coupler may diffract image light into the waveguide. The output coupler may diffract the image light out of the waveguide and towards an eye box. The output coupler may include a first volume hologram with a first grating vector and a second volume hologram with a second grating vector. The first and second grating vectors may be oriented at the same angle from opposing sides of an axis. The input coupler may have a first pitch. The first and second volume holograms may have a second pitch. The second pitch may be constant across the output coupler. In order to mitigate dispersion by the input coupler, the second pitch may be equal to twice the first pitch times a cosine of the angle.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US11467407B2
公开(公告)日：2022-10-11
申请号：US16632830
申请日：2018-08-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Scott M. DeLapp , Byron R. Cocilovo , Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display system that produces images. The display system may have one or more pixel arrays such as liquid-crystal-on-silicon pixel arrays. Images from the display system may be coupled into a waveguide by an input coupler and may be coupled out of the waveguide using an output coupler. The input and output couplers may be formed from volume phase holographic gratings. An additional grating may be used to shift light that would otherwise pass above or below the user's field of view towards the viewer. Holographic gratings in the waveguide may have fringes with constant pitch and variable period. The period at a given portion of the grating may be Bragg-matched to maximize diffraction efficiency for light of a given incident angle.
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公开(公告)号：US11442271B2
公开(公告)日：2022-09-13
申请号：US16609066
申请日：2018-06-05
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hyungryul Choi , Eric J Hansotte , Guolin Peng , Paul J. Gelsinger-Austin , Se Baek Oh
Abstract: An electronic device may have a reflective display with a pixel array that generates images. The reflective display may be illuminated by an illumination system. Light from the illumination system may be reflected by the pixel array as image light. The image light may be provided to a viewer using a waveguide with diffractive input and output couplers. The illumination system may have a waveguide. The illumination system may also have a light source such as one or more light-emitting diodes. Light from the light source may be coupled into the waveguide of the illumination system by a diffractive coupler such as volume hologram that serves as an input coupler. Light from the light source may be routed to the display to illuminate the display using the waveguide in the illumination system and a diffractive coupler such as a volume hologram that serves as an output coupler.
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公开(公告)号：US20200096771A1
公开(公告)日：2020-03-26
申请号：US16539818
申请日：2019-08-13
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele , Byron R. Cocilovo , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display that produce images. The display may generate light for an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may include a waveguide that propagates the light in a first direction towards the output coupler. The output coupler may couple the light out of the waveguide towards the eye box while inverting a parity of the light about the first direction. The coupler may include a first element such as a set of partial mirrors or diffractive gratings that redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. The coupler may include a second element that redirects a second portion of the light in a third direction opposite the second direction. The first element may redirect the second portion and the second element may redirect the first portion towards the eye box.
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公开(公告)号：US20200089014A1
公开(公告)日：2020-03-19
申请号：US16546157
申请日：2019-08-20
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Guolin Peng , Eric J. Hansotte , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre , Hyungryul Choi , Nan Zhu , Paul J. Gelsinger-Austin , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Bradley C. Steele
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display that emits image light, a waveguide, and an input coupler that couples the image light into the waveguide. Beam splitter structures may be embedded within the waveguide. The beam splitter structures may partially reflect the image light multiple times and may serve to generate replicated beams of light that are coupled out of the waveguide by an output coupler. The beam splitter structures may replicate the beams across two dimensions to provide an eye box with uniform-intensity light from the display across its area. The beam splitter structures may include stacked partially reflective beam splitter layers, sandwiched transparent substrate layers having different indices of refraction, a thick volume hologram interposed between substrate layers, or combinations of these or other structures. The reflectivity of the beam splitter structures may vary discretely or continuously across the lateral area of the waveguide.
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公开(公告)号：US20190265486A1
公开(公告)日：2019-08-29
申请号：US16277875
申请日：2019-02-15
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Eric J. Hansotte , Byron R. Cocilovo , Se Baek Oh , Seyedeh Mahsa Kamali , Francesco Aieta
Abstract: An electronic device may have a light source such as a laser light source. The light source may emit light into a waveguide. A phase grating may diffract the light that is emitted into the waveguide to produce diffracted light. The diffracted light may be oriented parallel to a surface normal of an angled edge of the waveguide and parallel to a surface normal of a microelectromechanical systems mirror element in a two-dimensional scanning microelectromechanical systems mirror that is coupled to the edge of the waveguide. A wave plate may be interposed between the mirror and the edge of the waveguide to change the polarization state of light reflected from the mirror element relative to incoming diffracted light from the phase grating. The phase grating may be configured so that the reflected light is not diffracted by the phase grating.
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