公开(公告)号：US06846428B2

公开(公告)日：2005-01-25

申请号：US10097441

申请日：2002-03-14

Applicant: Leon McCaughan ,  Thomas F. Kuech ,  Dovas A. Saulys ,  Vladimir A. Joshkin ,  Aref Chowdhury

Inventor： Leon McCaughan ,  Thomas F. Kuech ,  Dovas A. Saulys ,  Vladimir A. Joshkin ,  Aref Chowdhury

IPC: G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/05 ,  G02F1/225 ,  B44C1/22 ,  C03C15/00 ,  C03C25/68 ,  C23F1/00 ,  C25F3/00

CPC classification number: G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/0356 ,  G02F1/05 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2202/20

Abstract: Metal oxide films such as lithium niobate are formed in an amorphous state on a substrate such as lithium niobate and can be readily etched by conventional liquid or dry etchants. The amorphous film may then be converted by annealing to a crystalline form well suited to formation of electro-optical devices.

Abstract translation: 诸如铌酸锂的金属氧化物膜在诸如铌酸锂的基底上以非晶态形成，并且可以容易地用常规的液体或干蚀刻剂蚀刻。 然后可以通过退火将非晶膜转化成非常适合于形成电光器件的结晶形式。

公开(公告)号：US08613860B2

公开(公告)日：2013-12-24

申请号：US13248394

申请日：2011-09-29

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Elliott Slusher

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Elliott Slusher

IPC: C25F3/00 ,  C23F1/00 ,  C03C15/00 ,  C03C25/68 ,  H01L21/302 ,  H01L21/461

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  B81B1/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02B2006/12035 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J3/022 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01L21/0254 ,  H01L21/02639 ,  H01L21/30612

Abstract: A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarity and also has a pattern of holes or trenches that expose a portion of the substrate. The method includes then, epitaxially growing a second layer of a second group III-nitride over the first layer and the exposed portion of substrate. The first and second group III-nitrides have different alloy compositions. The method also includes subjecting the second layer to an aqueous solution of base to mechanically pattern the second layer.

Abstract translation: 制造方法产生III族氮化物的机械图案化层。 该方法包括提供晶体衬底并在衬底的平坦表面上形成第一III族氮化物的第一层。 第一层具有单一极性，并且还具有露出基板的一部分的孔或沟槽的图案。 该方法包括在第一层和衬底的暴露部分上外延生长第二III族氮化物层的第二层。 第一和第二III族氮化物具有不同的合金组成。 该方法还包括使第二层经受基底水溶液以机械地图形化第二层。

公开(公告)号：US20120028448A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-02

申请号：US13248394

申请日：2011-09-29

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Elliot Slusher

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Elliot Slusher

IPC: H01L21/20

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  B81B1/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02B2006/12035 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J3/022 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01L21/0254 ,  H01L21/02639 ,  H01L21/30612

Abstract: A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarity and also has a pattern of holes or trenches that expose a portion of the substrate. The method includes then, epitaxially growing a second layer of a second group III-nitride over the first layer and the exposed portion of substrate. The first and second group III-nitrides have different alloy compositions. The method also includes subjecting the second layer to an aqueous solution of base to mechanically pattern the second layer.

Abstract translation: 制造方法产生III族氮化物的机械图案化层。 该方法包括提供晶体衬底并在衬底的平坦表面上形成第一III族氮化物的第一层。 第一层具有单一极性，并且还具有露出基板的一部分的孔或沟槽的图案。 该方法包括在第一层和衬底的暴露部分上外延生长第二III族氮化物层的第二层。 第一和第二III族氮化物具有不同的合金组成。 该方法还包括使第二层经受基底水溶液以机械地图形化第二层。

公开(公告)号：US07745790B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-29

申请号：US11942776

申请日：2007-11-20

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  John A. Tataronis

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  John A. Tataronis

IPC: G01J1/42

CPC classification number: G02F1/3534 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B1/007 ,  G02F2202/30 ,  G02F2203/13

Abstract: A negative refractive index device and a method of generating radiation. In one embodiment, the device includes: (1) an optical input configured to receive light and (2) an optical medium having a negative index of refraction and a second-order nonlinearity proximate a center frequency of the light, coupled to the optical input and configured to resonate in response to the light to yield radiation having a phase velocity based on a group velocity of the light.

Abstract translation: 负折射率装置和产生辐射的方法。 在一个实施例中，该装置包括：（1）配置成接收光的光学输入和（2）具有负光折射率的光学介质和靠近光的中心频率的二阶非线性光耦合到光输入 并且被配置为响应于光而共振以产生具有基于光的组速度的相位速度的辐射。

公开(公告)号：US07586670B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-08

申请号：US11432803

申请日：2006-05-13

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  John A. Tataronis

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  John A. Tataronis

IPC: G02F1/35 ,  G02F2/02

CPC classification number: G02F1/3534 ,  G02F1/365 ,  G02F2202/30

Abstract: An apparatus includes one or more optical couplers, an optical medium, and an optical pump source. The optical medium behaves as a negative refractive index material over a frequency range. The one or more optical couplers are configured to provide first and second optical inputs to the optical medium and to provide an optical output from the optical medium. The optical pump source is coupled by one of the one or more optical couplers to deliver pump light to the optical medium.

Abstract translation: 一种装置包括一个或多个光耦合器，光介质和光泵源。 光学介质在频率范围内表现为负折射率材料。 一个或多个光耦合器被配置为向光介质提供第一和第二光输入并提供来自光介质的光输出。 光泵浦源由一个或多个光耦合器中的一个耦合，以将泵浦光输送到光学介质。

公开(公告)号：US07558485B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-07

申请号：US10441532

申请日：2003-05-20

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Rene′ -Jean Essiambre

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Rene′ -Jean Essiambre

IPC: H04B10/12

CPC classification number: H04B10/2531

Abstract: The desirable effects of an optical phase conjugator are accompanied by a frequency shift with reversal of the frequency order of channels in a multichannel optical communication system. Such effects are rectifiable by employing a sequence involving demultiplexing the multichannel signal, operating on the individual, demultiplexed channel with a corresponding optical phase conjugator or frequency shifter followed by multiplexing the signal. This sequence is combined with a complementary operation—optical phase conjugator to complement a frequency shifting sequence or frequency shifting to complement an optical phase conjugating sequence.

Abstract translation: 光相位共轭器的期望效果伴随着多通道光通信系统中信道频率顺序反转的频移。 这样的效果可以通过采用涉及解复用多信道信号的序列来纠正，该信号用相应的光相位共轭器或频移器在单独的解复用信道上操作，随后复用信号。 该序列与互补运算光相位共轭器组合以补充频移序列或频移以补充光相位共轭序列。

公开(公告)号：US20090127472A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-21

申请号：US11942776

申请日：2007-11-20

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  John A. Tataronis

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  John A. Tataronis

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/00

CPC classification number: G02F1/3534 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B1/007 ,  G02F2202/30 ,  G02F2203/13

Abstract: A negative refractive index device and a method of generating radiation. In one embodiment, the device includes: (1) an optical input configured to receive light and (2) an optical medium having a negative index of refraction and a second-order nonlinearity proximate a center frequency of the light, coupled to the optical input and configured to resonate in response to the light to yield radiation having a phase velocity based on a group velocity of the light.

Abstract translation: 负折射率装置和产生辐射的方法。 在一个实施例中，该装置包括：（1）被配置为接收光的光学输入和（2）耦合到光输入端的具有负的折射率和靠近光的中心频率的二次非线性的光学介质 并且被配置为响应于光而共振以产生基于光的组速度的相速度的辐射。

公开(公告)号：US07468578B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-23

申请号：US11442032

申请日：2006-05-27

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Elliott Slusher

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Elliott Slusher

IPC: H01J9/24

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  B81B1/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02B2006/12035 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J3/022 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01L21/0254 ,  H01L21/02639 ,  H01L21/30612

Abstract: A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarity and also has a pattern of holes or trenches that expose a portion of the substrate. The method includes then, epitaxially growing a second layer of a second group III-nitride over the first layer and the exposed portion of substrate. The first and second group III-nitrides have different alloy compositions. The method also includes subjecting the second layer to an aqueous solution of base to mechanically pattern the second layer.

Abstract translation: 制造方法产生III族氮化物的机械图案化层。 该方法包括提供晶体衬底并在衬底的平坦表面上形成第一III族氮化物的第一层。 第一层具有单一极性，并且还具有露出基板的一部分的孔或沟槽的图案。 该方法包括在第一层和衬底的暴露部分上外延生长第二III族氮化物层的第二层。 第一和第二III族氮化物具有不同的合金组成。 该方法还包括使第二层经受基底水溶液以机械地图形化第二层。

公开(公告)号：US09363103B2

公开(公告)日：2016-06-07

申请号：US13531019

申请日：2012-06-22

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury

IPC: H04W52/02 ,  H04L12/54 ,  H04W40/00

CPC classification number: H04L12/5692 ,  H04W40/00 ,  H04W52/02 ,  Y02D70/142 ,  Y02D70/144 ,  Y02D70/162 ,  Y02D70/168

Abstract: An energy-management system for controlling energy consumption in a relatively small network of energy-consuming/generating objects connected to an electricity grid and located, e.g., at a user premises. The energy consumption is managed through a programmable gateway device that can be accessed remotely, e.g., through a smart-meter network of the utility company or through a short-range wireless link. A user interface for the remote access can be implemented, e.g., using a smart phone or a tablet. In operation, the gateway device advantageously provides the user and/or the utility company with numerous opportunities for realizing cost and/or energy savings through appropriate and timely response to various actionable conditions, such as price-of-electricity fluctuations, configuration-modification requests, failure notices, service requirements, hazard signals, etc.

Abstract translation: 一种能量管理系统，用于控制连接到电力网并位于用户房屋处的能量消耗/产生物体的相对小的网络中的能量消耗。 能量消耗通过可编程网关设备进行管理，该设备可以远程访问，例如通过公用事业公司的智能电表网络或通过短距离无线链路进行访问。 可以实现用于远程访问的用户界面，例如使用智能电话或平板电脑。 在操作中，网关设备有利地向用户和/或公用事业公司提供许多机会，通过适当和及时地响应诸如电价波动，配置修改请求等各种可操作的条件来实现成本和/或节能 ，故障通知，服务要求，危险信号等

公开(公告)号：US09319757B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-19

申请号：US13726382

申请日：2012-12-24

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Dominick Scordo

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Dominick Scordo

IPC: H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/02

CPC classification number: H04Q11/0005 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04Q2011/0011 ,  H04Q2011/0016 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0058

Abstract: An apparatus includes a wavelength-selective optical switch able to route light between a first optical port and a plurality of second optical ports. The wavelength-selective optical switch includes a bank of optical wavelength-converters. Each wavelength converter of the bank is able to selectively optically couple an optical data stream on a wavelength-channel between the first optical port and individual ones of the second optical ports.

Abstract translation: 一种装置包括能够在第一光学端口和多个第二光学端口之间路由光的波长选择性光学开关。 波长选择光开关包括一组光波长转换器。 银行的每个波长转换器能够选择性地光耦合在第一光学端口和第一光学端口上的波长通道之间的波长信道上的光学数据流。