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    Robust digital watermarking
    21.
    发明授权
    Robust digital watermarking 有权
    强大的数字水印

    公开(公告)号：US06724911B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-04-20

    申请号：US09558727

    申请日：2000-04-26

    Applicant: Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller

    Inventor： Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller

    IPC: G06K900

    CPC classification number: G06T1/0028 ,  G06T1/0064 ,  G06T2201/0052 ,  H04N1/32154 ,  H04N1/32165 ,  H04N1/32192 ,  H04N1/32277 ,  H04N1/32304 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N19/467 ,  H04N21/8358 ,  H04N2201/3233 ,  H04N2201/327

    Abstract: A watermarking procedure that is applicable to images, audio, video and multimedia data to be watermarked divides the data to be watermarked into a set of n×n blocks, such as the 8×8 blocks of MPEG. The same watermark signal can be distributed throughout the set of blocks in a large variety of ways. This allows the insertion algorithm to be changed without affecting the decoders. The decoding procedure first sums together the DCT coefficients of N sets of 8×8 blocks to form a set of N summed 8×8 blocks and then extracts the watermark from the summed block. Since the sum of the DCT blocks is equal to the DCT of the sum of the intensity blocks, efficient decoding can occur in both the spatial and frequency domains. The symmetric nature of the decoding process allows geometric distortions to be handled in the spatial domain and other signal distortions to be handled in the frequency domain. Moreover, insertion of a watermark signal into image data and the subsequent extraction of the watermark from watermarked image data which has been subject to distortion between the times of insertion and extraction involves the insertion of multiple watermarks designed to survive predefined distortions of the image data, such as panscan or letterbox mode transformations. Alternatively, a registration pattern in the image data, after the image data containing the registration pattern is subject to an unknown distortion, is used to compensate for distortion of the watermarked image data.

    Abstract translation: 适用于要加密水印的图像，音频，视频和多媒体数据的水印程序将要加密的数据划分成一组nxn块，例如MPEG的8×8块。 相同的水印信号可以以各种方式分布在整个块集合中。 这允许改变插入算法而不影响解码器。 解码过程首先将N个8×8块的DCT系数合在一起，以形成一组N个相加的8×8块，然后从求和块中提取水印。 由于DCT块的和等于强度块的和的DCT，所以在空间域和频域两者都可以进行有效的解码。 解码过程的对称性质允许在空间域中处理几何失真并且在频域中处理其他信号失真。 此外，水印信号插入到图像数据中，并且随后从插入和提取时间之间遭受失真的水印图像数据中提取水印涉及插入被设计为存活图像数据的预定失真的多个水印， 如平底锅或信箱模式转换。 或者，使用包含登记图案的图像数据之后的图像数据中的注册图案进行未知的失真，以补偿水印图像数据的失真。

    Method for data preparation and watermark insertion
    22.
    发明授权
    Method for data preparation and watermark insertion 失效
    数据准备和水印插入方法

    公开(公告)号：US06332194B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-12-18

    申请号：US09092431

    申请日：1998-06-05

    Applicant: Jeffrey A. Bloom ,  Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller

    Inventor： Jeffrey A. Bloom ,  Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller

    IPC: H04L900

    CPC classification number: H04N19/467 ,  G06T1/0028 ,  G06T1/0071 ,  G06T2201/0064 ,  H04N1/32149 ,  H04N1/32154 ,  H04N1/32203 ,  H04N1/32267 ,  H04N1/32304

    Abstract: A method for data preparation and watermark insertion. The method includes the step of preparing the data at a first time by manipulating at least one set of the data characteristics for subsequent insertion of a first watermark. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention the method further includes the step of inserting the first watermark by manipulating the set of data characteristics at a second time subsequent to the first time. In still yet another preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the method further includes the step of inserting a second watermark at a third time, before, during, or after the first time, by manipulating at least one set of the data characteristics. In a variation of the present invention a method for inserting a watermark into compressed data is provided. The compressed data has sets of data characteristics. The method includes the steps of inserting a watermark by manipulating the set of data characteristics; and optimizing the manipulated data by modifying the compressed data characteristics subject to a set of constraints.

    Abstract translation: 一种数据准备和水印插入方法。 该方法包括通过操纵至少一组数据特征以便随后插入第一水印而在第一时间准备数据的步骤。 在本发明方法的优选实施例中，该方法还包括通过在第一次之后的第二时间操纵数据特征集合来插入第一水印的步骤。 在本发明方法的另一优选实施例中，该方法还包括在第一时间之前，之前或之后通过操纵至少一组数据特征来插入第二水印的步骤 。 在本发明的变形例中，提供了一种将水印插入压缩数据的方法。 压缩数据具有数据特征集。 该方法包括以下步骤：通过操纵该组数据特征来插入水印; 以及通过修改经受一组约束的压缩数据特征来优化所操纵的数据。

    Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia data
    23.
    发明授权
    Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia data 有权
    用于多媒体数据的安全扩频水印

    公开(公告)号：US06208735B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-03-27

    申请号：US09239240

    申请日：1999-01-28

    Applicant: Ingemar J. Cox ,  Joseph J. Kilian ,  Talal G. Shamoon

    Inventor： Ingemar J. Cox ,  Joseph J. Kilian ,  Talal G. Shamoon

    IPC: G09C500

    CPC classification number: H04H20/31 ,  G06T1/0028 ,  G06T1/005 ,  G06T2201/0052 ,  G06T2201/0063 ,  G06T2201/0081 ,  G11B20/00891 ,  H04N19/467 ,  H04N21/23892 ,  H04N21/8358

    Abstract: Digital watermarking of audio, image, video or multimedia data is achieved by inserting the watermark into the perceptually significant components of a decomposition of the data in a manner so as to be visually imperceptible. In a preferred method, a frequency spectral image of the data, preferably a Fourier transform of the data, is obtained. A watermark is inserted into perceptually significant components of the frequency spectral image. The resultant watermarked spectral image is subjected to an inverse transform to produce watermarked data. The watermark is extracted from watermarked data by first comparing the watermarked data with the original data to obtain an extracted watermark. Then, the original watermark, original data and the extracted watermark are compared to generate a watermark which is analyzed for authenticity of the watermark.

    Abstract translation: 音频，图像，视频或多媒体数据的数字水印通过将视频不可察觉的方式将水印插入数据分解的感知重要组件来实现。 在优选的方法中，获得数据的频谱图像，优选数据的傅里叶变换。 将水印插入到频谱图像的感知重要组件中。 对所得水印的光谱图像进行逆变换以产生水印数据。 通过首先将水印数据与原始数据进行比较，从水印数据中提取水印，以获得提取的水印。 然后，将原始水印，原始数据和提取的水印进行比较，生成水印的真实性。

    Robust digital watermarking
    24.
    发明授权
    Robust digital watermarking 失效
    强大的数字水印

    公开(公告)号：US6154571A

    公开(公告)日：2000-11-28

    申请号：US118467

    申请日：1998-07-17

    Applicant: Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller ,  Ryoma Oami

    Inventor： Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller ,  Ryoma Oami

    IPC: G06F21/10 ,  G06T1/00 ,  G09C5/00 ,  H04N1/32 ,  H04N1/387 ,  H04N7/08 ,  H04N7/081 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N19/60 ,  G06K9/00

    CPC classification number: G06T1/0028 ,  G06T1/0064 ,  H04N1/32154 ,  H04N1/32165 ,  H04N1/32192 ,  H04N1/32277 ,  H04N1/32304 ,  H04N19/467 ,  H04N21/8358 ,  H04N7/24 ,  G06T2201/0052 ,  H04N2201/3233 ,  H04N2201/327

    Abstract: A watermarking procedure that is applicable to images, audio, video and multimedia data to be watermarked divides the data to be watermarked into a set of n.times.n blocks, such as the 8.times.8 blocks of MPEG. The same watermark signal can be distributed throughout the set of blocks in a large variety of ways. This allows the insertion algorithm to be changed without affecting the decoders. The decoding procedure first sums together the DCT coefficients of N sets of 8.times.8 blocks to form a set of N summed 8.times.8 blocks and then extracts the watermark from the summed block. Since the sum of the DCT blocks is equal to the DCT of the sum of the intensity blocks, efficient decoding can occur in both the spatial and frequency domains. The symmetric nature of the decoding process allows geometric distortions to be handled in the spatial domain and other signal distortions to be handled in the frequency domain. Moreover, insertion of a watermark signal into image data and the subsequent extraction of the watermark from watermarked image data which has been subject to distortion between the times of insertion and extraction involves the insertion of multiple watermarks designed to survive predefined distortions of the image data, such as panscan or letterbox mode transformations. Alternatively, a registration pattern in the image data, after the image data containing the registration pattern is subject to an unknown distortion, is used to compensate for distortion of the watermarked image data.

    Abstract translation: 适用于要加密水印的图像，音频，视频和多媒体数据的水印程序将要加密的数据划分成一组nxn块，例如MPEG的8×8块。 相同的水印信号可以以各种方式分布在整个块集合中。 这允许改变插入算法而不影响解码器。 解码过程首先将N个8×8块的DCT系数合在一起，以形成一组N个相加的8×8块，然后从求和块中提取水印。 由于DCT块的和等于强度块的和的DCT，所以在空间域和频域两者都可以进行有效的解码。 解码过程的对称性质允许在空间域中处理几何失真并且在频域中处理其他信号失真。 此外，水印信号插入到图像数据中，并且随后从插入和提取时间之间遭受失真的水印图像数据中提取水印涉及插入被设计为存活图像数据的预定失真的多个水印， 如平底锅或信箱模式转换。 或者，使用包含登记图案的图像数据之后的图像数据中的注册图案进行未知的失真，以补偿水印图像数据的失真。

    Cyclopean virtual imaging via generalized probabilistic smoothing
    26.
    发明授权
    Cyclopean virtual imaging via generalized probabilistic smoothing 有权
    Cyclopean虚拟成像通过广义概率平滑

    公开(公告)号：US07428330B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-09-23

    申请号：US10428388

    申请日：2003-05-02

    Applicant: Andrew Blake ,  Philip H. S. Torr ,  Ingemar J. Cox

    Inventor： Andrew Blake ,  Philip H. S. Torr ,  Ingemar J. Cox

    IPC: G06K9/00

    CPC classification number: G06T15/205 ,  G06K9/20 ,  G06K2209/40 ,  G06T7/97 ,  G06T2207/10021 ,  G06T2207/20076 ,  G06T2207/20228 ,  G06T2207/30201 ,  H04N7/15

    Abstract: A cyclopean virtual imaging system provides a view from a virtual camera placed symmetrically or midway between the calibrated cameras of a physical stereo pair. Such a system may be used in video conferencing applications as well as other stereo image contexts. By combining the left and right stereo images captured by the stereo pair, a virtual image is produced such that the subject appears to be looking into a cyclopean virtual camera, rather than to the left or right of a single physical camera. The cyclopean virtual image is generated by a forward-backward algorithm using a probabilistic distribution of possible disparity families.

    Abstract translation: 环形虚拟成像系统提供从物理立体声对的校准的相机之间对称地或中途放置的虚拟相机的视图。 这样的系统可以用于视频会议应用以及其他立体声图像上下文中。 通过组合由立体声对拍摄的左和右立体图像，产生虚拟图像，使得被摄体看起来正在观察一个环形虚拟相机，而不是单个物理相机的左侧或右侧。 通过使用可能的差异系列的概率分布的前向后向算法来生成环形虚拟图像。

    Method and device for inserting and authenticating a digital signature in digital data
    27.
    发明授权
    Method and device for inserting and authenticating a digital signature in digital data 失效
    用于在数字数据中插入和认证数字签名的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07216232B1

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-08

    申请号：US09294956

    申请日：1999-04-20

    Applicant: Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller ,  Douglas F. Rayner

    Inventor： Ingemar J. Cox ,  Matthew L. Miller ,  Douglas F. Rayner

    IPC: H04L9/00

    CPC classification number: H04N1/32208 ,  G06T1/0021 ,  H04L9/3236 ,  H04L9/3247 ,  H04L2209/30 ,  H04L2209/608 ,  H04L2209/80 ,  H04N1/32128 ,  H04N1/32144 ,  H04N1/32229 ,  H04N1/32283 ,  H04N2101/00 ,  H04N2201/3233 ,  H04N2201/3269

    Abstract: A method for inserting a digital signature into digital data is provided. The digital data has bits and the method includes the steps of: assigning predetermined bits of the digital data for receiving the digital signature; signing the digital data excluding the predetermined bits resulting in the digital signature; and inserting the digital signature into the predetermined bits of the digital data for subsequent authentication of the digital data. Also provided is a method for authenticating digital data having the embedded digital signature in the predetermined bits of the digital data including the steps of: extracting the digital signature from the predetermined bits; decrypting the digital signature from the digital data resulting in a first hash; applying a known one-way hashing function used by an encoder of the digital data to the digital data excluding the predetermined bits resulting in a second hash; and comparing the first hash to the second hash wherein if the first hash matches the second hash the digital data is authentic. In a preferred version of the methods of the present invention, the method further includes the step of inserting associated data into the digital data prior to the signing step such that the digital signature authenticates both the associated data as well as the digital data. Preferably, the associated data is inserted into the bits of the digital data excluding the predetermined bits.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种将数字签名插入数字数据的方法。 数字数据具有比特，并且该方法包括以下步骤：分配用于接收数字签名的数字数据的预定比特; 签署不包括导致数字签名的预定位的数字数据; 并将数字签名插入到数字数据的预定位中，以便后续的数字数据认证。 还提供了一种用于在数字数据的预定位中验证具有嵌入数字签名的数字数据的方法，包括以下步骤：从预定位提取数字签名; 从数字数据解密数字签名，得到第一个散列; 将由数字数据的编码器使用的已知单向散列函数应用于除了预定位之外的数字数据，导致第二散列; 以及将所述第一散列与所述第二散列进行比较，其中如果所述第一散列与所述第二散列匹配，则所述数字数据是可信的。 在本发明的方法的优选版本中，该方法还包括在签名步骤之前将相关联的数据插入到数字数据中的步骤，使得数字签名认证相关数据以及数字数据。 优选地，相关联的数据被插入除了预定比特之外的数字数据的比特中。

    Method for image segmentation by minimizing the ratio between the exterior boundary cost and the cost of the enclosed region
    28.
    发明授权
    Method for image segmentation by minimizing the ratio between the exterior boundary cost and the cost of the enclosed region 失效
    通过最小化外部边界成本与封闭区域的成本之间的比例来进行图像分割的方法

    公开(公告)号：US6078688A

    公开(公告)日：2000-06-20

    申请号：US702351

    申请日：1996-08-23

    Applicant: Ingemar J. Cox ,  Satish B. Rao

    Inventor： Ingemar J. Cox ,  Satish B. Rao

    IPC: G06T1/00 ,  G06T5/00 ,  G06T7/60 ,  G06K9/34

    CPC classification number: G06T7/0093 ,  G06T7/0083 ,  G06T7/0089 ,  G06T2207/10072 ,  G06T2207/20104 ,  G06T2207/20156 ,  G06T2207/30004

    Abstract: Segmentation of an image into separate regions is useful in many computer vision problems. The separate regions may be represented by their enclosing contours. A planar graph is constructed for each image. The optimal contour is determined by the assignment of edge costs and face weights of the graph. An algorithm is provided such that given a planar graph G = (V,E) where V is a set of nodes, E is a set of edges and each edge e is provided with a non-negative cost c(e) and each face f of the planar graph is provided with a non-negative weight w(f), and given a single node v in G and single face F adjacent to v which is viewed as the exterior face, then find a directed path P in G that starts and finishes at v and minimizes ##EQU1## where cost(P) is defined as the length of the path under c, and weight (P) is the weight of the faces that are separated from F by P. The contour that minimizes .zeta. is the optimal contour.

    Abstract translation: 将图像分割成单独的区域在许多计算机视觉问题中是有用的。 分开的区域可以由其包围的轮廓表示。 为每个图像构建平面图。 最佳轮廓由图的边缘成本和面重的分配决定。 提供了一种算法，使得给定平面图G =（V，E）其中V是一组节点，E是一组边缘，并且每个边缘e被提供有非负成本c（e），并且每个面 平面图的f被提供有非负权重w（f），并给出G中的单个节点v和与视觉为外部面的v相邻的单个面F，然后在G中找到有向路径P， 以v开始和完成，并将成本（P）定义为c下路径的长度，并且权重（P）是通过P与F分离的面的权重。最小化Zeta的轮廓是最优的 轮廓。

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