公开(公告)号：US07330797B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-12

申请号：US11592915

申请日：2006-11-03

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald

IPC分类号： G01F23/00

CPC分类号： G01F1/704 ,  G01F1/74

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring a parameter of a flow passing through a pipe is provided, wherein the apparatus includes at least two spatial array of sensors disposed at different axial locations along the pipe, wherein each of the sensors provide a signal indicative of unsteady pressure created by coherent structures convecting with the flow within the pipe at a corresponding axial location of the pipe. The apparatus also includes a signal processor configured to determine the flow rate at the circumference location of each sensor array in response to the respective measured unsteady pressures. The signal processor compares the velocity of the flow at each respective location and provides a signal indicative the presence of solids settled at the bottom of the pipe and/or the level of the settled solids in the pipe, in response to an uncharacteristic increase in the velocity of a lower portion of the flow in comparison to the velocity measured above the lower portion of the flow.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于测量通过管道的流量的参数的方法和装置，其中所述装置包括设置在沿着管道的不同轴向位置处的至少两个传感器的空间阵列，其中每个传感器提供指示不稳定压力的信号 通过在管道中相应的轴向位置处的管内流动的相干结构产生。 该装置还包括信号处理器，其被配置为响应于各自测量的不稳定压力来确定每个传感器阵列的圆周位置处的流速。 信号处理器将每个相应位置处的流速进行比较，并提供指示在管的底部沉降的固体的存在和/或管中的沉降固体的水平的信号，以响应于 与在流动的下部上方测量的速度相比，流动的下部的速度。

公开(公告)号：US07146864B2

公开(公告)日：2006-12-12

申请号：US10795111

申请日：2004-03-04

申请人： James Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard Niezgorski

发明人： James Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard Niezgorski

IPC分类号： G01F1/34

CPC分类号： G01F1/74 ,  G01F1/662 ,  G01F1/666 ,  G01F1/7082

摘要： An apparatus measures the speed of sound and/or vortical disturbances propagating in a fluid flow to determine a parameter of the flow propagating through a pipe. The apparatus includes a sensing device that includes an array of pressure sensors used to measure the acoustic and convective pressure variations in the flow to determine a desired parameter. The sensing device includes a unitary strap having a plurality of bands disposed parallel to each other. The bands are interconnected by cross members to maintain the bands a predetermined distance apart. Each of the bands having a strip of piezoelectric film material mounted along a substantial length of the bands. The piezoelectric film material provides a signal indicative of the unsteady pressures within the pipe. The sensing device includes a conductive shield around the multi-band strap and the piezoelectric film material to provide a grounding shield.

摘要翻译： 一种装置测量在流体流中传播的声音和/或涡流干扰的速度以确定通过管道传播的流的参数。 该装置包括感测装置，其包括用于测量流中的声学和对流压力变化的压力传感器阵列，以确定期望的参数。 感测装置包括具有彼此平行布置的多个带的整体带。 带通过横向构件相互连接，以将带保持预定距离。 每个带具有沿带的相当长度安装的压电薄膜材料条。 压电膜材料提供指示管内不稳定压力的信号。 感测装置包括围绕多带带的导电屏蔽和压电膜材料以提供接地屏蔽。

公开(公告)号：US07062126B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-13

申请号：US10453880

申请日：2003-06-02

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/024 ,  B29D11/00721 ,  C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/0122 ,  C03B37/01222 ,  C03B2203/14 ,  C03B2203/16 ,  C03B2203/34 ,  G01D5/35303 ,  G01D5/35383 ,  G01L1/246 ,  G01L11/025 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02385 ,  G02B6/0239

摘要： A tunable optical filter has a large diameter cane waveguide with “side-holes” in the cane cross-section that reduce the force required to compress the large diameter optical waveguide without overly compromising the buckling strength thereof. The large diameter optical waveguide has a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters, including at least one inner core, a Bragg grating arranged therein, a cladding surrounding the inner core, and a structural configuration for providing a reduced bulk modulus of compressibility and maintaining the anti-buckling strength of the large diameter optical waveguide. The structural configuration reduces the cross-sectional area of the large diameter optical waveguide. These side holes reduce the amount of glass that needs to be compressed, but retains the large diameter.

摘要翻译： 可调谐滤光器具有在拐杖横截面中具有“侧孔”的大直径拐杖波导，其减小压缩大直径光波导所需的力而不会过度损害其屈曲强度。 大直径光波导具有至少约0.3毫米的横截面，包括至少一个内芯，布置在其中的布拉格光栅，围绕内芯的包层，以及用于提供减小的压缩弹性模量的结构构造，以及 保持大直径光波导的抗弯曲强度。 结构构造减小了大直径光波导的横截面积。 这些侧孔减少了需要压缩的玻璃量，但是保留了大直径。

公开(公告)号：US06898338B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-24

申请号：US10151475

申请日：2002-05-17

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G01L1/24 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/29317 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G02B6/29334 ,  G02B6/29358 ,  G02B6/29359 ,  G02B6/29389

摘要： An optical sensing device including a force-applying assembly for providing a force and a Fabry-Perot (FP) element including a large-diameter waveguide having a core and having a cavity in line with the core, the cavity having reflective surfaces and having an optical path length related to the distance between the reflective surfaces, the FP element being coupled to the force so that the optical path length changes according to the force, the FP element for providing an output optical signal containing information about a parameter that relates to the force. Sometimes the large-diameter waveguide is formed by collapsing a glass tube, having a bore and having an outer diameter of about one millimeter, onto a pair of optical fibers arranged in tandem in the bore and separated by a predetermined distance, and respective end faces of the optical fibers form the cavity and are coated with a wholly or partially reflective material.

摘要翻译： 一种光学传感装置，包括用于提供力的力施加组件和包括具有芯的大直径波导的法布里 - 珀罗（FP）元件，并且具有与所述芯一致的空腔，所述腔具有反射表面并且具有 光路长度与反射表面之间的距离相关联，FP元件被耦合到力，使得光路长度根据力而变化，FP元件用于提供包含关于参数的参数的信息的输出光信号 力。 有时，大直径波导是通过将具有孔径并且具有约1毫米的外径的玻璃管塌陷在一起在孔中并排布置预定距离的一对光纤上而形成的，并且相应的端面 的光纤形成空腔并涂覆有全部或部分反射材料。

公开(公告)号：US06865194B1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-08

申请号：US09455866

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Christopher J. Wright ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Christopher J. Wright ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G01K11/32 ,  H01S3/30 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01K11/32

摘要： A strain-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor includes an optical sensing element 20,600 which includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 disposed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 and/or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding and having the grating 12 disposed therein, which senses temperature changes but is substantially not sensitive to strains on the element caused by the fiber or other effects. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength λ1. The shape of the sensing element 20,600 may be other geometries and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used or more than one fiber or optical core may be used. At least a portion of the element 20,600 may be doped between a pair of gratings 150,152, disposed therein to form a temperature tunable laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a temperature tunable DFB laser disposed in the element. Also, the element may have an inner or outer tapered regions 22,27, respectively, to provide strain relief and/or added pull strength for the fiber 10. Further, the fiber 10 and the tube 20 may be made of different coefficients of thermal expansion for increased sensitivity.

摘要翻译： 应变隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器包括光学传感元件20,600，光学传感元件20,600包括光纤10，该光纤10具有布置在其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20的至少一部分内并且熔合到玻璃毛细管20和/ 大直径波导光栅600具有芯和宽包层并且其中布置有光栅12，其感测温度变化，但对由纤维或其它效应引起的元件上的应变基本上不敏感。 光14入射在光栅12上，光16以反射波长λ1反射。 感测元件20,600的形状可以是其他几何形状，和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管，或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，或者可以使用多于一个的光纤或光纤。 元件20,600的至少一部分可以被掺杂在放置在其中的一对光栅150,152之间以形成温度可调激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可以被构造为设置在元件中的温度可调谐DFB激光器。 此外，元件可以分别具有内部或外部锥形区域22,27，以为纤维10提供应变消除和/或增加的拉伸强度。此外，纤维10和管子20可以由不同的热系数 扩大灵敏度提高。

公开(公告)号：US06820489B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-23

申请号：US10646368

申请日：2003-08-22

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G01L900

CPC分类号： G01L11/025

摘要： A fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical sensing element which includes an optical fiber having a Bragg grating impressed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube and/or a large diameter waveguide grating having a core and a wide cladding. Light is incident on the grating and light is reflected from the grating at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The sensing element may be used by itself as a sensor or located within a housing. When external pressure P increases, the grating is compressed and the reflection wavelength &lgr;1 changes. The shape of the sensing element may have other geometries, e.g., a “dogbone” shape, so as to enhance the sensitivity of shift in &lgr;1 due to applied external pressure and may be fused to an outer shell.

公开(公告)号：US06633695B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-14

申请号：US09800918

申请日：2001-03-06

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G02B628

CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/29383 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02B6/29398 ,  H04J14/021

摘要： A compression-tuned fiber Bragg grating based reconfigurable wavelength add/drop module has a compression force assembly and an all-glass Bragg grating compression unit having gratings spaced along an axis of compression. The compression force assembly responds to a control electronics signal containing information about a selected wavelength of a channel to be added to or dropped from an optical traffic signal, for providing a compression force applied along the axis of compression. The compression unit responds to the optical traffic signal and the compression force, for providing an all-glass Bragg grating compression unit optical signal having the selected wavelength of the channel to be added to or dropped from the optical traffic signal. The compression unit optical signal may include either the traffic with an added reflected channel(s), or a dropped reflected channel(s). The compression unit is a “dogbone” structure having either a glass tube with an optical fiber fused therein, or a single large diameter waveguide having a core. The core of the optical fiber or waveguide has the gratings spaced therein. The axis of compression is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the dogbone structure.

摘要翻译： 基于压缩调谐光纤布拉格光栅的可重构波长加/减模块具有压缩组件和全玻璃布拉格光栅压缩单元，其具有沿压缩轴间隔开的光栅。 压缩力组件响应于控制电子信号，该控制电子信号包含关于要添加到或从光学交通信号中掉落的信道的选定波长的信息，以提供沿着压缩轴施加的压缩力。 压缩单元响应于光学交通信号和压缩力，用于提供具有要被添加到或从光学交通信号中掉落的信道的所选波长的全玻璃布拉格光栅压缩单元光信号。 压缩单元光信号可以包括具有附加反射信道的业务或者丢弃的反射信道。 压缩单元是具有熔合在其中的光纤的玻璃管或具有芯的单个大直径波导的“狗骨”结构。 光纤或波导的核心具有间隔开的光栅。 压缩轴线与狗骨架结构的纵向轴线平行

公开(公告)号：US06626043B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09494417

申请日：2000-01-31

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G01L900

CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025

摘要： A fluid diffusion resistant tube-encased fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within a sensing element, such as a glass capillary shell 20. A fluid blocking coating 30 is disposed on the outside surface of the capillary shell to prevent the diffusion of fluids, such as water molecules from diffusing into the shell. The fluid diffusion resistant fiber optic sensor reduces errors caused by the diffusion of water into the shell when the sensor is exposed to harsh conditions.

摘要翻译： 耐流体扩散的管封装的光纤光栅压力传感器包括一个光纤10，其中布置有布拉格光栅12，其被封装在诸如玻璃毛细管壳20之类的感测元件内。流体阻挡涂层30设置在外表面 的毛细管壳，以防止流体的扩散，例如水分子扩散到壳体中。 当传感器暴露在恶劣的条件下时，防止流体扩散的光纤传感器减少了由水扩散到壳体中引起的误差。

公开(公告)号：US06597711B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-22

申请号：US10146773

申请日：2002-05-16

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Jon T. Kringlebotn

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Jon T. Kringlebotn

IPC分类号： H01S310

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02F1/0115 ,  G02F1/0128 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  H01S3/0635 ,  H01S3/08009 ,  H01S3/1055

摘要： A compression-tuned Bragg grating-based laser 800 includes a pair of optical grating elements 802,804 wherein at least one of the grating elements is tunable by a compression device 812,814. The grating elements may include either an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 or a large diameter waveguide grating element 600 having a core and a wide cladding. The tunable grating element(s) 802,804 are axially compressed, which causes a shift in the reflection wavelength of the gratings 807,809 without buckling the element. The shape of the element may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber 10 or core 612 may be used. A gain element, such as Erbium doped fiber, is optical disposed between the grating elements to provide the lasing cavity.

公开(公告)号：US06452667B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-17

申请号：US09456113

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G01N2100

CPC分类号： G01K11/3206 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G01K5/52

摘要： A pressure-isolated Bragg grating temperature sensor includes an optical element which includes an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating disposed therein. The Bragg grating is encased within and fused to at least a portion of an inner glass capillary tube, or comprises a large diameter waveguide grating having a core and a wide cladding and having the grating disposed therein, encased within an outer tube to form a chamber. An extended portion of the sensing element that has the grating therein extends inwardly into the chamber which allows the grating to sense temperature changes but isolates the grating from external pressure. More than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber or optical core may be used. At least a portion of the sensing element may be doped between a pair of gratings to form a temperature tuned laser, or the grating or gratings may be configured as a tunable DFB laser disposed in the sensing element.

摘要翻译： 压力隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器包括光学元件，该光学元件包括其中布置有至少一个布拉格光栅的光纤。 布拉格光栅被封装在内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中并且熔合到内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中，或包括具有芯和宽包层并且具有设置在其中的光栅的大直径波导光栅，该光栅包围在外管内以形成室 。 具有光栅的感测元件的延伸部分向内延伸到腔室中，允许光栅感测温度变化，但是将光栅与外部压力隔离。 可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的光纤或光纤。 感测元件的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅之间以形成温度调节的激光器，或者光栅或光栅可被配置为设置在感测元件中的可调DFB激光器。