摘要:
A sensor device for detecting wetting on a windshield includes a light emission element for emitting a light, a first light reception element for receiving the light in a first light path that includes reflective redirection by the windshield, and a second light reception element for receiving the light in a second light path that does not include reflective redirection by the windshield. The sensor device uses a ratio of the amount of the received light by the first light reception element and the amount of the received light by the second light reception element to determine wetting on the windshield.
摘要:
A raindrop detection apparatus includes a light emitting unit for emitting light to an inner side of a windshield, a light receiving unit for receiving the light reflected by an outer surface of the windshield, a first lens unit which is arranged between the windshield and the light emitting unit to convert the light from the light emitting unit into parallel light, and a second lens unit which is arranged between the windshield and the light receiving unit to converge the reflected light at the light receiving unit. The second lens unit is larger than a radial cross section of the reflected light. An amount of raindrop landed on the outer surface of the windshield is detected based on an intensity of the light received by the light receiving unit.
摘要:
A raindrop sensor includes a light-emitting element, a light-receiving element and a light guide body. The light-emitting element and the light-receiving element face a transparent panel. The light guide body, which is mounted on the transparent panel, includes an input lens, an input side dividing surface, an output lens and an output side dividing surface. The input lens collimates light emitted by the light-emitting element to form an input side collimated light beam. The output lens receives the collimated light beam, which is collimated by the input lens and is reflected by a reference surface of the transparent panel, to which the raindrop attaches. The output lens converges the reflected collimated light beam toward the light-receiving element. An intersection between an imaginary extension of the input side dividing surface and an imaginary extension of the output side dividing surface is located on the reference surface of the transparent panel.
摘要:
A micro-structure including at least a first bendable member having first and second ends and being supported at the first end only, and either being spaced from a rigid component, or being spaced from a second bendable member also supported only at a first end thereof. The first member has a length L from the first end to the second end specified by one of the following equations: (a) for the first member adjacent to the rigid component: L
摘要:
High strength alumina porcelains for use in insulators are disclosed herein, in which the maximum particle diameter of quartz grians remaining in the porcelains is not more than 40 .mu.m. A process for producing such high strength alumina porcelains for use in insulators comprises the steps of mixing the alumina of a controlled grain size which is decomposed in a single crystalline state and in which the 50% average particle diameter is in a range from 4 to 14 .mu.m, raw materials ground finely which are selected from the group consisting essentially of feldspar, silica sand, and china stone, and clay together, forming the thus obtained mixture, and drying and firing the formed body.
摘要:
A vehicle presence notification apparatus may include a dynamic speaker for radiating a notification sound from a vehicle in an audible frequency, and a sound pressure supplement unit is provided to control a sound pressure of the notification sound. The apparatus may further include a parametric speaker for generating a supersonic sound of the notification sound from a supersonic sound generation unit. The supersonic sound is emitted from a sound emission opening. The parametric speaker may further include a reflected sound pressure detecting unit for detecting a sound pressure generated by a reflection of the supersonic sound from the sound emission opening. The sound pressure supplement unit increases the sound pressure of the notification sound radiated by the dynamic speaker based on the sound pressure detected by the reflected sound pressure detecting unit.
摘要:
A compound depicted by the formula below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. wherein, R1 represents (1) a C3-6 alkyl group, (2) a C1-6 alkyl group substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from those consisting a halogen atom, etc., (3) a C3-10 non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group or a 5- to 6-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic group which respectively is optionally substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from those consisting an oxo group, etc., (4) an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting halogen atom and C1-4 alkoxy group; X represents NH, O, or S; Y represents CH or N; Z represents N or a C—R2; R2 represents (1) hydrogen atom, (2) a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group or a C2-6 alkynyl group that respectively is optionally substituted with one or more substituent group(s) selected from among those consisting (a) a halogen atom, etc., or (3) a C5-6 non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group or a 5- to 6-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally substituted; ring A represents a benzene ring optionally substituted; ring B represents a benzene ring optionally substituted.
摘要:
This invention provides a binder for a fuel cell which has high adhesion, low methanol solubility, high methanol permeability and high proton conductivity, a composition for electrode formation, an electrode for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell using them. The binder is particularly suitable for a binder for a direct methanol type fuel cell which requires high proton conductivity.The binder for a fuel cell comprises a block copolymer which comprises a block having a repeating structural unit of a divalent aromatic group that contains a protonic acid group and a block having a repeating structural unit of a divalent aromatic group that does not contain a protonic acid group, and which has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 180° C. or less. In particular, it is preferable that the block copolymer has an ion exchange group equivalent of from 200 to 1,000 g/mole and a weight retention ratio of 90% or more as measured by immersion in a 64 weight % aqueous methanol solution at 25° C. for 24 hours.
摘要:
According to one embodiment, a method for producing a developing agent including aggregating fine particles of a toner material containing a binder resin and a coloring agent in a dispersion liquid in which the fine particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium to form aggregated particles, and washing the aggregated particles and drying the washed aggregated particles, forming toner particles is provided. An electrical conductivity of the toner particles is measured by a toner electrical conductivity evaluation method. A sample toner is prepared by adhering an additive to surfaces of the toner particles, and a content ratio of a sodium element to a carbon element in a region to which the additive is not adhered of the toner is measured. The washing of the toner particles is repeated until each of the measurement values becomes a predetermined reference value or less.
摘要:
The present invention provides: a unit-piece printing sheet which gives unit pieces having a smooth cut on the periphery thereof and can be subjected to printing on both front and back of the unit pieces, as well as a process for producing the unit-piece printing sheet. The unit-piece printing sheet comprises both front and back printing base materials laminated via a thermoplastic resin film adhesive layer, wherein each of the printing base materials is divided into sections by forming a slit at each facing position of the front and back printing base materials to form unit pieces, and the portion of the thermoplastic resin film adhesive layer at the slit-forming position is made a breakable connecting portion.