公开(公告)号：US08374209B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-12

申请号：US13160405

申请日：2011-06-14

申请人： Robert D. Eckles ,  Tyler G. Anderson

发明人： Robert D. Eckles ,  Tyler G. Anderson

IPC分类号： H01S3/08

CPC分类号： G01N21/031 ,  G01J3/0297 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/15 ,  G01N33/0047 ,  G01N2021/151 ,  G01N2021/152 ,  G01N2021/3513 ,  G01N2021/399

摘要： A multi-pass optical cell with an actuator for actuating a reflective surface is provided. In one preferred embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, and a support structure supporting the first and second reflective surfaces. The support structure positions the first and second reflective surfaces to create an optical cell. The apparatus also comprises a source and a detector, which are positioned such that light emitted from the source is reflected in the optical cell at least one time between the first and second reflective surfaces before reaching the detector. The apparatus further comprises an actuator coupled with and operative to actuate the first reflective surface. In some embodiments, the actuator rotates the first reflective surface. Also, in some embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is an open path multi-pass optical cell, while, in other embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is a closed path multi-pass optical cell.

摘要翻译： 提供具有用于致动反射表面的致动器的多通光学单元。 在一个优选实施例中，提供了包括第一反射表面，第二反射表面和支撑第一和第二反射表面的支撑结构的装置。 支撑结构定位第一和第二反射表面以创建光学单元。 该设备还包括源和检测器，其被定位成使得从光源发射的光在到达检测器之前在第一和第二反射表面之间至少一次在光学单元中反射。 所述装置还包括与所述第一反射表面联动并且可操作地致动所述第一反射表面的致动器。 在一些实施例中，致动器旋转第一反射表面。 此外，在一些实施例中，多遍光学单元是开放式多通道光学单元，而在其他实施例中，多通道光学单元是封闭路径多通道光学单元。

公开(公告)号：US20120115215A1

公开(公告)日：2012-05-10

申请号：US12939335

申请日：2010-11-04

申请人： Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： C12M1/34 ,  F21V7/00

CPC分类号： F21V7/05 ,  F21Y2113/00 ,  F21Y2115/10

摘要： A light source reflector includes a structure having three or more internal reflective surfaces defining a first light entry aperture and a second light exit aperture having an area that is greater than the area of the entry aperture. A single light source, or a plurality of uniformly distributed light sources, such as one or more LEDs, located proximal the entry aperture provides illumination, which impinges on the reflective surfaces from the entry aperture and is reflected off the surfaces to provides a substantially uniform illumination pattern exiting the exit aperture. The reflector advantageously allows for the use of a source (e.g., LED(s)) that is smaller than the targeted area of illumination and also avoids creating hot-spots as the reflector does not focus the light, but rather reflects mirror images of the source off of the reflective surfaces.

摘要翻译： 光源反射器包括具有限定第一光入射孔的三个或更多个内部反射表面和具有大于入射孔的面积的区域的第二光出射孔的结构。 位于入口孔附近的单个光源或多个均匀分布的光源（例如一个或多个LED）提供照明，其从入射孔射入反射表面并从表​​面反射以提供基本上均匀的 离开出口孔的照明图案。 反射器有利地允许使用小于目标照明区域的源（例如，LED），并且还避免了由于反射器不聚焦光而产生热点，而是反映了镜像 源于反射面。

公开(公告)号：US20120074325A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-29

申请号：US13149709

申请日：2011-05-31

申请人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew S. Parr ,  Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew S. Parr ,  Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01N21/35

CPC分类号： G01N33/0009 ,  B33Y70/00 ,  B33Y80/00 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N33/004 ,  G01N33/0098 ,  G01N2021/8466

摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the internal surface(s) of the chamber defining the measurement volume are metal plated. The system also typically includes a source of gas coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber, and a gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases exiting the chamber, whereby the metal plated internal surface(s) of the chamber reduces sorption of the one or more gases within the chamber. The low thermal conductivity of the chamber substrate material provides an energy efficient means of sample temperature control. The low density of the chamber substrate material reduces chamber weight for improved portability and ergonomics.”

摘要翻译： 系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。 通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。 根据一个方面，一种气体交换分析系统包括：样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，所述样品室具有入口和出口，其中限定所述测量体积的所述室的内表面是金属 镀。 该系统还通常包括与样品室的入口耦合的气体源，以及与样品室的出口耦合的气体分析器，其被配置为测量离开室的一种或多种气体的浓度，由此内部金属镀 室的表面减少了室内的一种或多种气体的吸附。 室衬底材料的低热导率提供了一种能量效率的样品温度控制手段。 腔室基材材料的低密度降低了室重量，从而改善了便携性和人体工程学。

公开(公告)号：US06369387B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09419020

申请日：1999-10-15

申请人： Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01N2135

CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/13 ,  G01N2021/115 ,  G01N2021/151

摘要： In one preferred embodiment, a gas analyzer is presented that focuses light beams through gas cells without reflecting the light beams off the walls of the cells. By eliminating wall reflections, dirt or debris on the walls of the cells will not result in inaccurate gas concentration measurements. In another preferred embodiment, a gas analyzer is disclosed having removable gas cells, which allows a user to easily clean the cells instead of returning a contaminated gas analyzer to service personnel for cleaning. In yet another preferred embodiment, a gas analyzer has a purged gas flow channel between source and detector sections of the analyzer to remove contaminants that can result in inaccurate gas concentration measurements. In an additional preferred embodiment, a gas analyzer is disclosed which has a heat exchanger to equilibrate the temperature of incoming air to the temperature of the analyzer's gas cells, thereby avoiding temperature-based errors in gas concentration measurements.

摘要翻译： 在一个优选实施例中，提供了一种气体分析器，其将光束聚焦通过气室，而不将光束反射离开电池壁。 通过消除墙壁反射，细胞壁上的污垢或碎屑不会导致不准确的气体浓度测量。 在另一优选实施例中，公开了一种具有可拆卸气体池的气体分析器，其允许用户容易地清洁电池，而不是将污染的气体分析仪返回给维修人员进行清洁。 在另一个优选实施例中，气体分析器在分析器的源和检测器部分之间具有净化气体流动通道，以去除可能导致不准确的气体浓度测量的污染物。 在另外的优选实施例中，公开了一种气体分析器，其具有热交换器以将进入的空气的温度平衡到分析仪的气体单元的温度，从而避免气体浓度测量中基于温度的误差。

公开(公告)号：US06317212B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

申请号：US09397903

申请日：1999-09-17

申请人： Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01N2161

CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/15

摘要： The present gas analyzer allows for the effective measurement of the concentration of one or more gases or vapors within a sample. The gas analyzer utilizes a plurality of reference filters that are located between the source and the sample region to enhance the measurements associated with the sample filters. The gas analyzer also utilizes a gas channel to facilitate the circulation of scrubbed gas between two separate housing sections.

摘要翻译： 本气体分析仪允许有效测量样品中一种或多种气体或蒸气的浓度。 气体分析仪利用位于源和样品区域之间的多个参考过滤器来增强与样品过滤器相关联的测量。 气体分析器还利用气体通道来促进洗涤气体在两个分离的壳体部分之间的循环。

公开(公告)号：US4312218A

公开(公告)日：1982-01-26

申请号：US71847

申请日：1979-09-04

申请人： Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01N15/08 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N33/48

CPC分类号： G01N15/08

摘要： To measure stomatal resistance of a leaf, signals are obtained from: (1) a small thermocouple positioned adjacent to the leaf in a cuvette to measure temperature of the leaf without conducting excessive heat; (2) a thermistor in the cuvette chamber; and (3) a moisture sensor in the chamber. The moisture signal automatically controls a magnetically operated bypass valve from a source of air flowing through the cuvette chamber so that the moisture remains constant while the flow rate of the air is varied. The flow rate is measured in a flow meter having two laminar paths in series, composed of equal-length equal-diameter tubes but differing in the number of tubes, with the flow rate being measured in a different one of two tubes in each path for different scale measurements.

摘要翻译： 为了测量叶片的气孔阻力，可以从以下获得信号：（1）在比色皿中邻近叶片定位的小热电偶，以测量叶片的温度而不引起过热; （2）比色皿室中的热敏电阻; 和（3）室内的湿度传感器。 水分信号自动地控制来自流经反应杯室的空气源的磁操作旁路阀，使得水分保持恒定，同时空气的流量变化。 流量在具有两个串联的层流路径的流量计中测量，其由等长等直径的管组成，但是管的数量不同，流量在每个路径中的两个管中的不同的一个管中被测量， 不同尺度测量。