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公开(公告)号：US20130278716A1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-24
申请号：US13449637
申请日：2012-04-18
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , H04N13/02
CPC分类号： H04N13/20 , G01S7/4802 , G01S7/4861 , G01S17/89
摘要： A 3D ultraviolet (UV) imaging LADAR system includes a UV source configured to generate a UV interrogation beam, a sensor configured to receive a UV return beam reflected from a target and to produce an electrical signal, and an imaging module coupled to the sensor and configured to receive the electrical signal and to generate a corresponding 3D image of the target. In one example, the sensor includes a down-shifting device configured to down-shift the UV return beam to a down-shifted light beam of a different wavelength, for example, in the visible or SWIR wavelength ranges.
摘要翻译： 3D紫外（UV）成像LADAR系统包括被配置为产生UV询问光束的UV源，被配置为接收从目标物反射并产生电信号的UV返回光束的传感器，以及耦合到传感器的成像模块， 被配置为接收电信号并产生目标的相应3D图像。 在一个示例中，传感器包括下移装置，其被配置为将UV返回光束向下移位到例如在可见光或SWIR波长范围内的不同波长的向下移动的光束。
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22.发明授权Architecture and method of coupling electromagnetic energy to thermal detectors 有权将电磁能耦合到热探测器的结构和方法公开(公告)号：US06329655B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09414989
申请日：1999-10-07
申请人： Michael D. Jack , Michael Ray , John Varesi , Jan Grinberg , Harold Fetterman , Franklin A. Dolezal
发明人： Michael D. Jack , Michael Ray , John Varesi , Jan Grinberg , Harold Fetterman , Franklin A. Dolezal
IPC分类号： G01J500
摘要： A radiation sensor. The inventive sensor has a two-level detector structure formed on a substrate in which a thermal detector element is suspended over the substrate as a microbridge structure. A receiver of electromagnetic radiation is provided on the same side of the substrate in a manner that efficiently couples the radiation field to the thermal detector element. The thermal detector element has a sandwich structure including a heater metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a thin film thermo-resistive material. The thermal detector element is suspended out of physical contact with the receiver. In one embodiment, the receiver is an antenna having a crossed bowtie configuration that efficiently couples the radiation field to the detector element. The inventive radiation sensors are especially useful for mm-wave and microwave sensing applications. The sensor can be used individually or in linear or two-dimensional arrays thereof. The invention also is directed to a method of fabricating such a radiation sensor.
摘要翻译： 辐射传感器。 本发明的传感器具有形成在基板上的两级检测器结构，其中热探测器元件作为微桥结构悬挂在基板上。 将电磁辐射的接收器以有效地将辐射场耦合到热检测器元件的方式设置在基板的相同侧上。 热检测器元件具有包括加热器金属层，电介质层和薄膜耐热材料的夹层结构。 热探测器元件与接收器物理接触被暂停。 在一个实施例中，接收机是具有交叉的弓形结构的天线，其将辐射场有效地耦合到检测器元件。 本发明的辐射传感器对于毫米波和微波感测应用特别有用。 传感器可以单独使用或以其线性或二维阵列使用。 本发明还涉及一种制造这种辐射传感器的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06326611B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-04
申请号：US09406501
申请日：1999-09-28
申请人： Adam M. Kennedy , Michael D. Jack
发明人： Adam M. Kennedy , Michael D. Jack
IPC分类号： G01N2135
CPC分类号： H01L27/14618 , H01L2224/48091 , H01L2924/00014
摘要： An integrated dual sensor package comprises a housing, a first sensor assembly and a second sensor assembly. The housing includes an internal vacuum chamber, a first window and a second window. The first window is transparent to a first wavelength of propagating energy and the second window is transparent to a second wavelength of propagating energy. The first sensor assembly and the second sensor assembly each have an active region responsive to a respective one of the first wavelength and second wavelength of propagating energy. The first sensor assembly and the second sensor assembly are each mounted within the vacuum chamber with the active region of each of the first sensor assembly and the second sensor assembly adjacently aligned with a respective one of said first window and said second window. The common alignment structure also serves as a common thermal interface to the external environment.
摘要翻译： 集成双传感器封装包括壳体，第一传感器组件和第二传感器组件。 壳体包括内部真空室，第一窗口和第二窗口。 第一窗口对于传播能量的第一波长是透明的，并且第二窗口对于传播能量的第二波长是透明的。 第一传感器组件和第二传感器组件各自具有响应于传播能量的第一波长和第二波长中的相应一个的有源区域。 第一传感器组件和第二传感器组件各自安装在真空室内，其中第一传感器组件和第二传感器组件中的每一个的有源区域与所述第一窗口和所述第二窗口中的相应一个相邻地对准。 公共对准结构还可以作为外部环境的通用热界面。
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公开(公告)号：US5797682A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US797669
申请日：1997-01-31
申请人： John Kert , Robert Stephens , Michael D. Jack
发明人： John Kert , Robert Stephens , Michael D. Jack
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01J5/0014
摘要： A system (10) for simultaneously measuring temperature and CO, CO.sub.2 and HC gas content of vehicle (11) exhaust detects and analyzes a beam of infrared electromagnetic radiation (21) projected through a plume (13) of vehicle exhaust to assess the concentration of CO, CO.sub.2, and HC in the vehicle exhaust and detects and analyzes infrared electromagnetic radiation (15) emitted by the plume (13) to assess the temperature of the plume (13) and, consequently, whether the vehicle's (11) catalytic converter is operating in the cold or hot mode. Essentially simultaneous measurement is taken by intermittently interrupting the beam (21) of projected infrared electromagnetic radiation and detecting and analyzing the emitted infrared radiation (15) during the intervals of interruption when the beam (21) is not projected through the plume (13). Intermittent projection of the beam (21) is accomplished by insertion of a chopper wheel (22) between an infrared beam projector (20) and the plume (13).
摘要翻译： 用于同时测量车辆（11）排气的温度和CO，CO 2和HC气体含量的系统（10）检测并分析通过车辆尾气的羽流（13）投射的红外电磁辐射束（21），以评估 CO，CO 2和HC，并且检测和分析由羽流（13）发射的红外电磁辐射（15）以评估羽流（13）的温度，并且因此，车辆（11）催化转化器是否为 在冷或热模式下运行。 通过间歇地中断投射的红外线电磁辐射的光束（21）进行基本上同时的测量，并且当光束（21）不通过羽流（13）投影时，在中断的间隔期间检测和分析所发射的红外辐射（15）。 梁（21）的间歇突起通过在红外线投影仪（20）和羽流（13）之间插入斩波轮（22）来实现。
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公开(公告)号：US5545897A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US322447
申请日：1994-10-04
申请人： Michael D. Jack
发明人： Michael D. Jack
CPC分类号： G01N33/0011 , G01N33/0031 , G01N33/0037 , G01N33/004
摘要： An in-situe chemical gas or fluid analyzer for vehicles, industrial, environmental and process control applications. As applied to a vehicle (1) having an internal combustion engine, the analyzer includes: (i) a source of electromagnetic radiation (14, 16); and (ii) a sampling cell (12) which collects emission gases of interest and which is capable of withstanding hostile environments while preserving a "clear" optical path between the sensor sampling cell and the source of radiation. The analyzer further includes: (iii) a solid state sensor (24, 26, 28, 30, 32 ) of monolithic construction which selectively detects electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed or emitted by one or more chemical species of interest, that compensates for temporal and spatial variations in illumination level provided by the source, and that provides an electrical signal output, in either analog or digital format, that is related to the measured concentrations. The sensor includes, in combination, a plurality of highly sensitive electromagnetic radiation detectors (26), spectral filters (24) which may utilize multiple layers of deposited dielectric thin films and/or selectively absorbing layers, and low noise electronics which performs a variety of functions including amplification (28), multiplexing (30), analog to digital (A/D) conversion (33), signal processing (32), and input/output (I/O). In a presently preferred embodiment each radiation detector is a thermopile detector that is integrated upon a common substrate with the support electronics and an associated optical bandpass filter.
摘要翻译： 用于车辆，工业，环境和过程控制应用的现场化学气体或流体分析仪。 当应用于具有内燃机的车辆（1）时，所述分析器包括：（i）电磁辐射源（14,16）; 和（ii）采集单元（12），其收集感兴趣的排放气体并且能够承受敌对环境，同时保持传感器采样单元和辐射源之间的“清晰”光路。 分析器还包括：（iii）整体结构的固态传感器（24,26,28,30,32），其选择性地检测由一个或多个感兴趣的化学物种吸收或发射的电磁辐射，其补偿时间和 由源提供的照明级别的空间变化，并且以模拟或数字格式提供与所测量的浓度相关的电信号输出。 传感器组合地包括多个高灵敏度的电磁辐射检测器（26），可利用多层沉积的电介质薄膜和/或选择性吸收层的光谱滤光器（24）以及执行各种各样的 功能包括放大（28），复用（30），模数（A / D）转换（33），信号处理（32）和输入/输出（I / O）。 在目前优选的实施例中，每个辐射检测器是热电堆检测器，其与支撑电子器件和相关联的光学带通滤波器集成在共同的基板上。
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26.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5239860A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-31
申请号：US699018
申请日：1991-05-13
CPC分类号： G01N21/359 , G01N21/3577 , G01N33/2852 , G01J5/12 , G01N21/314
摘要： An alcohol sensing device is provided for determination of the alcohol content within an alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture which is being provided for the operation of an internal combustion engine. The sensing device uses infrared spectrometry measuring techniques. The infrared sensing device determines the ratio of light absorption by the alcohol/gasoline mixture at two discrete wavelengths within the near-infrared spectrum. The two particular wavelengths of interest are preferably chosen so that at one of the infrared wavelengths, alcohol is strongly absorbing while the gasoline exhibits very little absorption, and at the second wavelength both the alcohol and the gasoline exhibit are essentially non-absorbing. An alternating current is used to switch the light beam between two power settings so as to vary the intensity of transmitted light at both wavelengths. The light beam is transmitted through the alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture so that the two discrete wavelengths traverse the same optical path. Two detectors are adjacently disposed so as to receive the emitted light from each wavelength after their transmission through the alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture. Once the signals corresponding to the two wavelengths are obtained, the ratio of the absorbances by the fuel mixture at both wavelengths is computed. From this ratio, and the temperature of the fuel mixture, the concentration of alcohol in the fuel is determined.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种酒精感测装置，用于确定用于内燃机操作的醇/汽油燃料混合物中的醇含量。 感测装置使用红外光谱测量技术。 红外感测装置确定近红外光谱中两个离散波长下的醇/汽油混合物的光吸收率。 优选选择感兴趣的两个特定波长，使得在红外波长的一个处，醇是强吸收的，而汽油表现出非常少的吸收，而在第二波长下，醇和汽油表现出基本上不吸收。 交流电用于在两个功率设置之间切换光束，以便改变两个波长的透射光的强度。 光束透过酒精/汽油燃料混合物，使得两个离散的波长穿过相同的光路。 两个检测器被相邻设置，以便在透过酒精/汽油燃料混合物之后接收来自每个波长的发射光。 一旦获得了对应于两个波长的信号，则计算两个波长处燃料混合物的吸光度比。 根据该比例和燃料混合物的温度，确定燃料中的醇的浓度。
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公开(公告)号：US5070241A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-03
申请号：US557884
申请日：1990-07-25
申请人： Michael D. Jack
发明人： Michael D. Jack
CPC分类号： G01J5/10 , Y10S505/848 , Y10S505/849 , Y10S505/866
摘要： A multilayered radiation detector device (50) including a resonant cavity structure wherein one cavity wall electrode includes a portion of a photovoltaic radiation detector (52). Specifically, a RFM detector has a superconducting transmission line electrode (54) electrically coupled to a high mobility semiconductor layer (58) of the photovoltaic detector. The superconductor transmission line electrode inductance forms, in combinations with a photodetector depletion region capacitance, a series resonant or a parallel resonant circuit. A radiation-induced change in the capacitance results in a change in the circuit resonant frequency and a corresponding variation in the amplitude of an on-resonance RF signal applied to the circuit. In another embodiment the resonant cavity structure includes a gap having a width that is modulated by an amount of absorbed radiation, the radiation-induced change in the distributed cavity capacitance resulting in a change in the cavity resonant frequency.
摘要翻译： 一种包括谐振腔结构的多层辐射检测器件（50），其中一个腔壁电极包括光伏辐射探测器（52）的一部分。 具体地，RFM检测器具有电耦合到光电检测器的高迁移率半导体层（58）的超导传输线电极（54）。 超导体传输线电极电感与光电探测器耗尽区电容组合形成串联谐振或并联谐振电路。 辐射诱发的电容变化导致电路谐振频率的变化和施加到电路的共振RF信号的幅度的相应变化。 在另一个实施例中，谐振腔结构包括具有被吸收辐射量调制的宽度的间隙，分布式空腔电容中辐射引起的变化导致腔谐振频率的变化。
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28.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4962316A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-09
申请号：US387209
申请日：1989-07-31
申请人： Michael D. Jack
发明人： Michael D. Jack
CPC分类号： G01J5/10 , Y10S505/849 , Y10S505/866
摘要： A Frequency Domain Infrared Superconducting Transmission Line (FIRST) detector is comprised of a folded superconducting transmission line 18 coupled at an input port 18a to a narrow band microwave source and coupled at an output port 18b to a microwave power monitor 22. An optically induced change in the kinetic inductance of the transmission line shifts the transmission line phase velocity and resonant frequency. The shift in resonant frequency attenuates the propagating wave amplitude proportionally to the product of the transmission line Q and the frequency shift. When fabricated with a densely folded superconducting line and operated at a nominal resonant frequency of several GHz the use of either linear or logarithmic Schottky barrier detectors enables a realization of a dynamic range of eight orders of magnitude.
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公开(公告)号：US4445117A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-24
申请号：US335131
申请日：1981-12-28
申请人： Steven D. Gaalema , Michael D. Jack
发明人： Steven D. Gaalema , Michael D. Jack
CPC分类号： H04N3/1512
摘要： A transistorized monolithic focal plane array is formed on a semiconductive substrate and comprises a plurality of detectors associated with a corresponding plurality of source follower or inverter transistors. The array is row addressable. The gate of the source follower transistor comprises a floating node which is charged by the corresponding detector in proportion to the incident photon flux, the gate being periodically reset. The invention combines the advantages of compactness and low capacitance of charge coupled device imagers and low noise characteristics of prior art imagers comprising discrete transistors.
摘要翻译： 晶体管单片焦平面阵列形成在半导体衬底上并且包括与相应的多个源极跟随器或反相晶体管相关联的多个检测器。 数组是行可寻址的。 源极跟随器晶体管的栅极包括浮置节点，该浮动节点由相应的检测器与入射光子通量成比例地充电，栅极被周期性地复位。 本发明结合了电荷耦合器件成像器的紧凑性和低电容的优点以及包括分立晶体管的现有技术成像器的低噪声特性。
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公开(公告)号：US4337395A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-29
申请号：US98262
申请日：1979-11-28
IPC分类号： G01J5/28 , H01L27/148 , H01J31/50 , G01J1/00
CPC分类号： G01J1/4257 , G01J1/4228 , H01L27/14875 , G01J2005/0077
摘要： A monolithic imager utilizing a plurality of detector cells for detecting the presence of radiation and producing a two dimensional mapping thereof. The detector cells are arrayed in a matrix having a square center surrounded by a number of polygonal rings so that a relatively high resolution mapping of detected radiation is achieved at the center of the imager.
摘要翻译： 利用多个检测器单元检测辐射的存在并产生其二维映射的单片成像器。 检测器单元被排列成具有被多个多边形环围绕的方形中心的矩阵，使得在成像器的中心处实现检测到的辐射的相对高的分辨率映射。
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