摘要:
A semiconductor device having excellent crystallinity and excellent electric characteristics includes a ZnO thin film having excellent surface smoothness. ZnO-based thin films (an n-type contact layer, an n-type clad layer, an active layer, a p-type clad layer, and a p-type contact layer primarily including ZnO are formed sequentially by an ECR sputtering method or other suitable method on a zinc-polar surface of a ZnO substrates. A transparent electrode and a p-side electrode are formed by an evaporation method or other suitable method on a surface of the p-type contact layer, and an n-side electrode is formed on an oxygen-polar surface of the ZnO substrate.
摘要:
An optical unit capable of freely changing the refractive power and operating with a reduced deterioration in performance, an image taking apparatus having an image taking lens using the optical unit, and an optical finder using the optical unit. The optical unit includes a lens body having an electromagnetic field generator which changes the focal length of the lens body by moving, by an electromagnetic force, a dispersoid which is dispersed in a light-transmissive dispersion medium enclosed in a container, which is light-transmissive, and which has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the dispersion medium. The optical unit also includes a focal length changing section which changes the focal length of the lens body in three steps by controlling an electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic field generator.
摘要:
A cartridge is set in a printer main unit, and has a remaining toner measurer which measures toner in a toner chamber upon setting of the cartridge. A cartridge memory stores information of a remaining toner amount measured previously. CPU compares the remaining toner amount measured newly with the remaining toner amount measured previously and read from the cartridge memory. If there is an increase in the toner, the cartridge is determined as improper cartridge reloaded with the toner. An alarm signal is generated. Also, printing is inhibited. In another preferred embodiment, shortage information is assigned to the cartridge upon using up the toner. The cartridge, if it has the shortage information, is determined as improper. If a characteristic of the toner is not within a reference range, the cartridge is determined improper. In another preferred embodiment, an upper limit of the number of times of toner reloading is predetermined. The cartridge is determined improper if the reloading time number comes up to the upper limit. The improper cartridge is set in a state in which operation is inhibited. Also, when the cartridge is disassembled, the improper cartridge is inhibited from operating.
摘要:
A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, wherein the main assembly includes a motor, a main assembly side gear for receiving driving force from the motor, a hole defined by twisted surfaces, the hole being substantially coaxial with the gear, and a main assembly side grounding contact provided in the hole, the process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive drum; process mechanisms actable on the photosensitive drum; and a projection engageable with the twisted surfaces, the projection being provided at a longitudinal end of the photosensitive drum, wherein when the main assembly side gear rotates with the hole and projection engaged with each other, rotational driving force is transmitted from the gear to the photosensitive drum through engagement between the hole and the projection; and a cartridge side grounding contact electrically connected with the electrophotographic photosensitive drum for electrically grounding the electrophotographic photosensitive drum when the process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the apparatus, the cartridge side grounding contact being provided on the projection so as to be electrically connectable with the main assembly side grounding contact
摘要:
A cartridge is set in a printer main unit, and has a remaining toner measurer which measures toner in a toner chamber upon setting of the cartridge. A cartridge memory stores information of a remaining toner amount measured previously. CPU compares the remaining toner amount measured newly with the remaining toner amount measured previously and read from the cartridge memory. If there is an increase in the toner, the cartridge is determined as improper cartridge reloaded with the toner. An alarm signal is generated. Also, printing is inhibited. In another preferred embodiment, shortage information is assigned to the cartridge upon using up the toner. The cartridge, if it has the shortage information, is determined as improper. If a characteristic of the toner is not within a reference range, the cartridge is determined improper. In another preferred embodiment, an upper limit of the number of times of toner reloading is predetermined. The cartridge is determined improper if the reloading time number comes up to the upper limit. The improper cartridge is set in a state in which operation is inhibited. Also, when the cartridge is disassembled, the improper cartridge is inhibited from operating.
摘要:
An iontophoresis device useful for administering an ionic drug by iontophoresis has an iontophoresis electrode section (active electrode section) and a ground electrode section (inactive electrode section) both of which are to be connected to a power source. The iontophoresis device includes elements (members) of both of the electrode sections are all formed of membrane bodies, and includes ion exchange membranes different in ion selectivity, one being selective to ions of the same species as charged ions of the ionic drug and the other to ions different in species from the charged ions of the ionic drug that are arranged in the iontophoresis electrode section, and at least an ion exchange membrane selective to ions opposite to the charged ions of the ionic drug is arranged in the ground electrode section. The iontophoresis device can administer the ionic drug stably over a long period of time at high transport efficiency.
摘要:
The image forming apparatus including a belt member having a convex portion, effecting a circular movement, a first tensioning member for tensioning said belt member and a second tensioning member for tensioning said belt member, drive receiving means for receiving force by a circular movement in a direction of the circular movement of said belt member, wherein an angle of said second tensioning member to said first tensioning member by inputting the force by the movement into said drive receiving means, and wherein the force by the circular movement is input by contacting said convex portion to said drive receiving means.
摘要:
To provide a digital camera which is thinner than conventional when a lens barrel is collapsed, and is improved in suppression of degradation of image quality due to dust or the like introduced into the lens barrel. A lens barrel has: an optical-member advancement/retraction mechanism that retracts any of plural optical members from an optical axis for picture taking when the lens barrel is collapsed, and advances the optical member, which is retracted when the lens barrel is collapsed, onto the optical axis for picture taking when the lens barrel is extended; and a cleaning member that cleans at least either of the optical member or one, which is adjacent to the optical member, of the plural optical members and a solid-state image pickup section as a result of retracting or advancing the optical member by the optical-member retraction/advancement mechanism.
摘要:
A solid-state image pickup device including a solid-state image pickup element which is curved in a light incident direction and a curvature changing portion which changes a curvature of the solid-state image pickup element, and an optical instrument including a lens unit and a solid-state image pickup element which is curved toward the lens unit and picks up taking an image focused by the lens unit wherein the curvature changing portion changes a curvature radius of the solid-state image pickup element so that the solid-state image pickup element is curved at a first curvature in a telephoto mode and the solid-state image pickup element is curved at a second curvature larger than the first curvature in a wide-angle mode.
摘要:
A Shear Horizontal-type end-surface-reflection-type surface acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric substrate having end surfaces. The most appropriate positions of the end surfaces of the piezoelectric substrate are determined. Interdigital transducers are disposed on the main surface of the piezoelectric substrate having a comparatively low relative dielectric constant ∈11T (for example, a relative dielectric constant of about 40 or less). The positions of the end surfaces are determined so that the distance from the center of the second electrode finger, counting from the outermost side in the surface acoustic wave propagation direction among the interdigital transducers, to the end surfaces (end surfaces for reflecting the surface acoustic wave) of the piezoelectric substrate satisfy the relationship (N+⅝)λs≦L≦(N+⅞)λs, where λs is the wavelength of the surface acoustic wave, and N is 0 or a positive integer.