摘要:
An apparatus for injecting fuel into combustion chambers, in particular of self-igniting internal combustion engines, is proposed, in which a fuel injection nozzle generates an aimed fuel spray and in which an air guide device and a heating device are provided. The fuel being injected is accompanied by an air flow which passes the heating device. The heating device has at least two heating elements of different effectiveness, of which at least one element serves for rapid heating and the other element is provided for continuous use.
摘要:
A rod-like electrical heating element is incorporated in the interior of a tubular solid electrolyte sensor connecting zones of the heating element are disposed on the end face thereof remote from the sensing end. Electrical connecting parts are pressed against the connecting zones of the heating element by means of a spring element. These electrical connecting parts are in electrical contact with the connecting cable of the gas sensor via conductor wires, leads or other connecting means.
摘要:
Sensor element for limiting current sensors to determine the lambda value of gas mixtures, in particular of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having inner and outer pump electrodes disposed on a ceramic substrate, the inner pump electrode of which is accessible for the measurement gas supplied through a diffusion layer acting as a diffusion barrier; having a gas-tight cover layer above the diffusion layer and having conductor tracks for the pump electrodes is described, in which the diffusion layer is adjustable, to calibrate the sensor element. This adjustability is advantageously attained by embodying the side of the diffusion layer 5 oriented toward the measurement gas inlet opening as a zigzag-shaped adjustment zone 8, from which parts can be separated mechanically or by laser cuts. The invention makes comparatively simple calibration of sensor elements possible.
摘要:
A sensor element for limiting current sensors for determining the .lambda. value of gas mixtures is proposed which has two interconnected inner pump electrodes (8 and 8') disposed opposite each other in a diffusion channel (7). The resulting increase of the effective surface at the beginning of the inner electrodes markedly reduces the disadvantageous electrode polarization which occurs in sensor elements having only one inner pump electrode. At the same time, a better utilization of the noble metal required to form the pump electrodes is achieved.
摘要:
A heat and/or air conditioning apparatus for a motor vehicle comprising control means and a first humidity sensor located in the interior of the motor vehicle, a second temperature sensor and a second humidity sensor located outside of the vehicle, intake duct means for supplying outside air to the vehicle interior, at least two discharge ducts located in the vehicle interior and of which at least one opens in the vicinity of a vehicle window, and a blower.
摘要:
In order to make possible the lower level of electrostatic disturbance that accompanies the use of a wider than usual gap in an ignition distributor without undesirable increase of the ignition pulse voltage, the distributor electrode and/or the fixed ignition circuit electrodes of the distributor are made at least in part of a material that requires less energy for pulling out an electron and has a higher secondary electron emission capability than the usual brass plate used for the contact plate at the axis of revolution of the distributor rotor, to which a carbon brush is usually provided for making contact. Alloy additions of calcium oxide or barium oxide or silicon to brass have a suitable effect and an alloy containing silicon and preferably also aluminum and calcium is preferred. The gap width is between 3 and 5 mm, preferably about 4 mm for normal motor vehicle engine application.