-
公开(公告)号：US4939409A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-03
申请号：US290168
申请日：1988-12-07
IPC分类号： H01T13/52
CPC分类号： H01T13/52
摘要： A spark plug with a surface discharge section for internal combustion engines comprising an insulation body having an inner cavity for receiving a mass of an electrically conductive material, and a bore extending from the inner cavity and through which extends a central electrode which is formed integral with the surface discharge surface, is made of an electrically non-conductive material, and has on an outer surface thereof in the area of the mass and the bore an electrically conductive film, and, in the area defining the surface discharge section a film having no intrinsic conductivity after sintering.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE87 / 00235 Sec。 371日期：1988年12月7日 102（e）日期1988年12月7日PCT提交1987年5月23日PCT公布。 出版物WO87 / 07778 日本1987年12月17日。一种具有用于内燃机的表面放电部分的火花塞，包括具有用于接纳大量导电材料的内腔的绝缘体和从内腔延伸的孔， 与表面放电表面一体形成的中心电极由不导电材料制成，并且在其外表面上具有导电膜，并且在限定 表面放电部分是烧结后没有固有导电性的膜。
-
公开(公告)号：US4393282A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-12
申请号：US245170
申请日：1981-03-18
申请人： Werner Grunwald , Ernst Zehender , Karl-Hermann Friese , Jurgen Schmatz , Hans Neu , Kuno Kirner , Bernd Schumacher
发明人： Werner Grunwald , Ernst Zehender , Karl-Hermann Friese , Jurgen Schmatz , Hans Neu , Kuno Kirner , Bernd Schumacher
CPC分类号： F02P7/025
摘要： The part of the distributor electrode in the breakdown region has a resistance of at least 400 ohms per millimeter. The total resistance of the electrode is in the range of between 0.5 and 1.0 kilo-ohms. The material is a mixture of a resistive ceramic material and a finely dispersed additive of metallic conductivity. Arrangements for creating surface discharge gaps thereby slowing down the sparking process and decreasing interference are also illustrated.
摘要翻译： 击穿区域中的分配器电极的部分具有至少400欧姆/毫米的电阻。 电极的总电阻在0.5-1.0千欧的范围内。 该材料是电阻陶瓷材料和金属导电性的细分散添加剂的混合物。 还示出了用于产生表面放电间隙的布置，从而减慢了火花过程并降低了干扰。
-
3.发明授权Sensor element for limiting current sensors for determining the .lambda. value of gas mixtures 失效用于限制用于确定气体混合物（（LAMBDA））值的电流传感器的传感器元件
公开(公告)号：US5098549A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-24
申请号：US490667
申请日：1990-02-27
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/30 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/419
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , G01N27/4072
摘要： A sensor element for limiting current sensors for determining the .lambda. value of gas mixtures is proposed which has two interconnected inner pump electrodes (8 and 8') disposed opposite each other in a diffusion channel (7). The resulting increase of the effective surface at the beginning of the inner electrodes markedly reduces the disadvantageous electrode polarization which occurs in sensor elements having only one inner pump electrode. At the same time, a better utilization of the noble metal required to form the pump electrodes is achieved.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE88 / 00512 Sec。 371日期1990年2月27日第 102（e）1990年2月27日PCT PCT公布1988年8月20日。 出版物WO89 / 02074 提出了一种用于限制用于确定气体混合物的λ值的电流传感器的传感器元件，其具有在扩散通道（7）中彼此相对设置的两个互连的内部泵浦电极（8和8'）。 内部电极开始时的有效表面的增加显着地减少了仅具有一个内部泵电极的传感器元件中出现的不利的电极极化。 同时，可以更好地利用形成泵电极所需的贵金属。
-
4.发明授权Pressure sensor for installation in a wall element subjected to pressure of a fluid medium, such as a hydraulic pressure line, e.g. in diesel fuel injection systems 失效压力传感器，用于安装在经受诸如液压管线等流体介质的压力的壁元件中。 在柴油喷射系统中
公开(公告)号：US4587840A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-13
申请号：US627917
申请日：1984-07-05
申请人： Klaus Dobler , Werner Grunwald
发明人： Klaus Dobler , Werner Grunwald
CPC分类号： G01L23/18 , G01L9/0002 , F02B3/06
摘要： To provide an unyielding support surface for a film-type, typically thick-film resistor (10) made of pressure-responsive resistance material, an unyielding pressure-tight mass of insulating material, for example a melt of glass, ceramic, or suitable plastic, is introduced into a wall portion of a wall element (11) in which a fluid pressure medium, such as high-pressure fluid for injection to a Diesel engine, is retained. The insulating mass is, preferably, formed as a plug element, for example retained within a metal screw which, simultaneously, can form a venting screw for the fuel injection system. One or two electrical conductors (12, 13) pass through the plug element, which if a metal screw, surrounds the insulating mass, the resistance element can extend over the edge of the metal which, then, can form a ground or return connection. The surface of the plug element is either flush with the surface of the wall or, for example, forms a laterally relieved slot extending parallel to the axis of the plug, which slot may be filled with a protective pressure-transmitting compound and covering the electrical resistance element there located, so that the end surface of the screw and pressure-transmitting filler will be flush with the wall (11) confining the pressure medium.
摘要翻译： 为了提供一种用耐压响应电阻材料制成的薄膜型（通常为厚膜）电阻（10）的不屈曲的支撑表面，这是一种坚固耐用的绝缘材料，例如玻璃，陶瓷或合适塑料的熔体 被引入壁元件（11）的壁部分中，其中保持诸如用于喷射到柴油发动机的高压流体的流体压力介质。 优选地，绝缘块形成为插塞元件，例如保持在金属螺钉内，同时可以形成用于燃料喷射系统的排气螺钉。 一个或两个电导体（12,13）穿过插塞元件，如果金属螺钉围绕绝缘块，电阻元件可以在金属的边缘上延伸，然后可以形成接地或返回连接。 插塞元件的表面或者与壁的表面齐平，或者例如形成平行于插头的轴线延伸的横向释放的槽，该槽可以用保护性压力传递化合物填充并覆盖电气 电阻元件位于那里，使得螺钉和压力传递填料的端面将与限制压力介质的壁（11）齐平。
-
5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4494401A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US540296
申请日：1983-10-11
申请人： Klaus Dobler , Ulrich Schoor , Rudolf Heinz , Thomas Frey , Werner Grunwald
发明人： Klaus Dobler , Ulrich Schoor , Rudolf Heinz , Thomas Frey , Werner Grunwald
CPC分类号： G01L23/22 , F23Q2007/002
摘要： To sense pressure within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine (ICE), a plug element which already extends into the combustion chamber of the ICE, such as a sparkplug, or a glow plug, has a layer-like resistor applied to a ceramic insulator extending into the combustion chamber, for example, directly on the central insulator of a sparkplug or on the side of a ceramic glow plug bushing or plug element. If applied to a sparkplug then, preferably, the heater is shielded by metallic layers, separated from the metallic shielding layers by insulating layers, of which the top metallic layer preferably is platinum or a platinum-type metal to catalyze combustion of residues which, otherwise, might collect on the top layer and interfere with proper sensor operation. The layer-like sensor and conductive tracks may be of thick film construction; stamp-on printing with flexible printing stamps is suitable to apply the layer-like resistors.
摘要翻译： 为了感测内燃机（ICE）的燃烧室内的压力，已经延伸到ICE的燃烧室（例如火花塞或电热塞）中的塞子元件具有应用于陶瓷的层状电阻器 绝缘体例如直接延伸到燃烧室中的火花塞的中心绝缘体上，或者在陶瓷预热塞衬套或插塞元件侧。 如果应用于火花塞，则优选地，加热器被金属层屏蔽，金属层通过绝缘层与金属屏蔽层分离，绝缘层的顶部金属层优选为铂或铂型金属以催化残余物的燃烧，否则 ，可能会收集在顶层，并干扰正确的传感器操作。 层状传感器和导电轨道可以是厚膜结构; 使用柔性印刷邮票的印花印刷适用于层状电阻器。
-
公开(公告)号：US5009708A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US403040
申请日：1989-08-31
摘要： A printing paste suitable for application by an elastically deformable stamp on a substrate and method for said application. The paste comprises a powdered solid component in an organic carrier with a weight ratio of between 6:4 and 8:2. The organic carrier comprises 4-9% by weight ethyl cellulose, 74-82% alpha-terpineol, and 8-17% benzyl alcohol. The paste may also contain up to 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol. The solid component of the paste is preferably a mixture of platinum and zirconium dioxide which can be applied as an electrically conductive paste to form a conductive coating on a substrate, preferably a tubular or other substrate having a non-planar surface. The paste has a viscosity of between 6 and 8.5 pascal seconds.
摘要翻译： 适用于通过基板上的可弹性变形印模施加的印刷浆料和用于所述应用的方法。 糊状物包含重量比为6:4至8:2的有机载体中的粉末状固体组分。 有机载体包含4-9重量％的乙基纤维素，74-82％的α-萜品醇和8-17％的苄醇。 该糊还可含有至多20重量％的聚乙二醇。 糊料的固体组分优选是铂和二氧化锆的混合物，其可以作为导电浆料施加以在基底上，优选具有非平面表面的管状或其它基底上形成导电涂层。 糊料的粘度为6至8.5帕斯卡秒。
-
7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4932588A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US301881
申请日：1988-12-16
申请人： Horst Fedter , Werner Grunwald , Peter Nolting
发明人： Horst Fedter , Werner Grunwald , Peter Nolting
CPC分类号： B60H1/00785 , B60H1/00764
摘要： A method of controlling climate in an interior of a vehicle, which method comprises the steps of measuring air temperature in the vehicle interior and outside of the vehicle, measuring relative humidity in the vehicle interior and outside of the vehicle, and controlling air flow from outside of the vehicle into the vehicle interior in accordance with the measured temperatures and humidities.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE87 / 00257 Sec。 371日期：1988年12月16日 102（e）日期1988年12月16日PCT Filted 1987年6月5日PCT公布。 出版物WO88 / 00537 日期：1988年1月28日。一种控制车辆内部气候的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：测量车辆内部和外部的空气温度，测量车辆内部和外部的相对湿度 并且根据测量的温度和湿度控制从车辆外部进入车辆内部的空气流。
-
公开(公告)号：US4692657A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-08
申请号：US808333
申请日：1986-02-28
申请人： Werner Grunwald , Kurt Schmid
发明人： Werner Grunwald , Kurt Schmid
摘要： To reduce erosion of a platinum-containing electrode layer (3, 14) applied to the end face of the center insulator (1, 11) of the spark plug, a protective layer of ceramic, preferably aluminum oxide, is applied over the electrode. The aluminum oxide protective is sufficiently thin to permit arc-through or spark-through of the spark from a counter electrode (9, 19). This permits reduction of the thickness of the electrode layer to between about 5 to 15 micrometers, preferably about 8 to 10 micrometers, with a thickness of the protective layer of between 5 to 50 micrometers, preferably about 8 to 10 micrometers. Aluminum oxide is the preferred material for the center insulator, the protective layer, as well as an additive to the center electrode if it is made of a mixture of platinum and ceramic.
摘要翻译： 为了减少施加到火花塞的中心绝缘体（1,11）的端面的含铂电极层（3,14）的侵蚀，在电极上施加陶瓷保护层，优选氧化铝。 氧化铝保护膜足够薄以允许来自对电极（9,19）的火花的电弧穿透或火花穿透。 这允许将电极层的厚度减小到约5至15微米之间，优选约8至10微米，其中保护层的厚度为5至50微米，优选约8至10微米。 如果氧化铝由铂和陶瓷的混合物制成，则中心绝缘体，保护层以及中心电极的添加剂是优选的材料。
-
公开(公告)号：US4527427A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-09
申请号：US552893
申请日：1983-11-17
申请人： Werner Grunwald
发明人： Werner Grunwald
摘要： A device is proposed for determining the flow rate of a flowing medium, in particular the flow rate of air aspirated by an internal combustion engine which includes at least two temperature-dependent measuring resistors which are exposed to the flowing medium, each disposed in a separate bridge circuit, heated to different temperatures and regulated such as to be constant. The measuring resistors as well as the other bridge resistors are embodied as film resistors and are disposed opposite one another, each on a different side of a substrate. One signal per bridge, dependent on the currents flowing through the bridges, is supplied to a signal processing unit, the output variable of which represents a standard for the flow rate of the flowing medium that is independent of the temperature of the flowing medium.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于确定流动介质的流量的装置，特别是由内燃机吸入的空气的流速，其包括暴露于流动介质的至少两个温度依赖的测量电阻器，每个设置在单独的 桥接电路，加热到不同的温度并调节为恒定。 测量电阻器以及其它桥式电阻器被实施为薄膜电阻器，并且彼此相对设置，每个在基板的不同侧。 取决于流过桥的电流的每个桥的一个信号被提供给信号处理单元，信号处理单元的输出变量代表与流动介质的温度无关的流动介质的流量的标准。
-
公开(公告)号：US4517630A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US445430
申请日：1982-11-30
CPC分类号： F21S48/1258 , F21S48/1283 , F21S48/1335
摘要： The optic axis of a vehicle headlight comprises a reflector, an incandescent helix and a convergent lens. The reflection surface of the reflector is parabolic in the horizontal midplane section and is elliptical in vertical median section. A narrow band of light spreading out laterally is thus produced without supplementary optical components, particularly the diffusion disk or dispersion lens. A sharp light-to-dark boundary is obtained by a diaphragm having an effective straight edge 18 located below the outer ellipse focus, which is coincident with that one of the principal foci of the converging lens which is the nearer to the reflector.
摘要翻译： 车辆头灯的光轴包括反射器，白炽螺旋和会聚透镜。 反射器的反射面在水平中平面部分是抛物线的，在垂直中间部分是椭圆形的。 因此，在没有辅助光学部件，特别是扩散盘或分散透镜的情况下，产生横向扩展的窄带光。 通过具有位于外椭圆焦点下方的有效直线边缘18的光阑获得尖锐的明暗边界，其与会聚透镜的更靠近反射器的主焦点的一个重合。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
搜索结果
26 条记录 (耗时 0.015 秒)
