摘要:
A fuel cell stack manifold system in which a flexible manifold body includes a pan having a central area, sidewall extending outward from the periphery of the central area, and at least one compound fold comprising a central area fold connecting adjacent portions of the central area and extending between opposite sides of the central area, and a sidewall fold connecting adjacent portions of the sidewall. The manifold system further includes a rail assembly for attachment to the manifold body and adapted to receive pins by which dielectric insulators are joined to the manifold assembly.
摘要:
A heat switch for remote self-contained gas chromatography is disclosed. The device mechanically separates a hot or cold reservoir from the chromatography column when heating or cooling is not needed. The column needs a cooling system to obtain initial temperatures below ambient. At other times the column needs to be heated to relatively high temperatures, during which time the cooling system is preferably detached. The heat switch allows for rapid temperature changes while minimizing the peak cooling power requirement.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for electrically interfacing between two or more distinct environments. The method and apparatus are directed to an electrical feedthru with one or more electrical transmission lines coated with one or more thin dielectric layers of material to insulate the transmission lines from a feedthru body. The dielectric layers may include a diamond-like carbon coating, which electrically insulates, but also thermally conducts. The use of thin dielectric layers facilitates smaller, more efficient electrical feedthrus. Therefore, the electrical feedthru may be used, for example, with MEMS devices. The electrical feedthru is not limited to any particular geometry, it may be adapted to fit between any two environments.
摘要:
A multiple mode pre-loadable fiber optic pressure and temperature sensor includes a generally cylindrical structure having at least one compression element, a fiber optic having a Bragg grating in contact with one side of the compression element, a diaphragm in contact with the other side of the compression element, and a fluid port in fluid communication with the diaphragm. According to preferred aspects of the, a groove is provided in at least one compression element for receiving the fiber optic. The sensor is pre-loaded by straining the diaphragm over the adjacent compression element when the cover is attached. The compression element in contact with the diaphragm preferably has a contoured surface contacting the diaphragm and the diaphragm is stretched to match that contour. By varying the contour of the compression element and the thickness of the diaphragm, the dynamic range of the sensor can be changed. The preferred diaphragm has a variable thickness and is made as an integral part of the structure. The sensor can be operated in normal, reverse, or differential mode.
摘要:
The present invention provides methods and apparatus for separating and/or analyzing fluids of interest. According to principles of the present invention, fluid analysis is accomplished with microfluidic devices and may be reported in real-time or near real-time in a subterranean environment. In addition or alternative to oilfield applications, the principles of the present invention contemplate separation in a laboratory or other environment for biological sample separation and analytical chemistry applications. The present invention is capable of separating liquid-liquid mixtures or emulsions in a microfluidic device without fouling.
摘要:
The present invention provides methods and apparatus for separating and/or analyzing fluids of interest. According to principles of the present invention, fluid analysis is accomplished with microfluidic devices and may be reported in real-time or near real-time in a subterranean environment. In addition or alternative to oilfield applications, the principles of the present invention contemplate separation in a laboratory or other environment for biological sample separation and analytical chemistry applications. The present invention is capable of separating liquid-liquid mixtures or emulsions in a microfluidic device without fouling.
摘要:
A method for determining formation fluid pressure in earth formation surrounding a borehole wall uses a downhole probe coupled to a variable-volume cavity. The probe is driven into contact with formation at the borehole wall. The method includes expanding the volume of the cavity during a first period of time to establish fluid communication between tool fluid and formation fluid, by withdrawing a minimal amount of fluid from the formation. During a second period of time the tool pressure is allowed to equilibrate to formation pressure. When pressure equilibrium is established, formation fluid pressure is set equal to tool pressure. A preferred embodiment includes terminating expanding the volume of the cavity on detecting a break in the mud cake seal. An associated formation pressure tester tool includes an elongated body; a probe defining a formation fluid inflow aperture, an electromechanical assembly defining a variable-volume cavity, a pretest flow line coupling the aperture to the cavity, a pressure sensor coupled to the cavity; and downhole electronic means for controlling the expansion of the volume of the cavity.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for electrically interfacing between two or more distinct environments. The method and apparatus are directed to an electrical feedthru with one or more electrical transmission lines coated with one or more thin dielectric layers of material to insulate the transmission lines from a feedthru body. The dielectric layers may include a diamond-like carbon coating, which electrically insulates, but also thermally conducts. The use of thin dielectric layers facilitates smaller, more efficient electrical feedthrus. Therefore, the electrical feedthru may be used, for example, with MEMS devices. The electrical feedthru is not limited to any particular geometry, it may be adapted to fit between any two environments.
摘要:
A microfluidic system for performing fluid analysis is described having: (a) a submersible housing having a fluid analysis means and a power supply to provide power to said system; and (b) a substrate for receiving a fluid sample, having embedded therein a fluid sample inlet, a reagent inlet, a fluid sample outlet, and a mixing region in fluid communication with the fluid sample inlet, the reagent inlet, and the fluid sample outlet, and wherein the substrate includes a fluid drive means for moving the fluid sample through the substrate, and wherein the substrate interconnects with the housing. At least a portion of the fluid analysis means may be embedded in the substrate.
摘要:
A method for determining formation fluid pressure in earth formation surrounding a borehole wall uses a downhole probe coupled to a variable-volume cavity. The probe is driven into contact with formation at the borehole wall. The method includes expanding the volume of the cavity during a first period of time to establish fluid communication between tool fluid and formation fluid, by withdrawing a minimal amount of fluid from the formation. During a second period of time the tool pressure is allowed to equilibrate to formation pressure. When pressure equilibrium is established, formation fluid pressure is set equal to tool pressure. A preferred embodiment includes terminating expanding the volume of the cavity on detecting a break in the mud cake seal. An associated formation pressure tester tool includes an elongated body; a probe defining a formation fluid inflow aperture, an electromechanical assembly defining a variable-volume cavity, a pretest flow line coupling the aperture to the cavity, a pressure sensor coupled to the cavity; and downhole electronic means for controlling the expansion of the volume of the cavity.