公开(公告)号：US20100028965A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-04

申请号：US11916180

申请日：2006-06-01

申请人： Dehua Liu ,  hongjuan Liu ,  Yan Sun ,  Rihui Lin ,  Jian Hao

发明人： Dehua Liu ,  hongjuan Liu ,  Yan Sun ,  Rihui Lin ,  Jian Hao

IPC分类号： C12P7/18

CPC分类号： C12P7/18 ,  C12N1/32

摘要： The invention discloses a method for producing 1,3-propanediol, comprising the steps of: using crude glycerol, a by-product during the biodiesel production, without further treatment, as the substrate for production of 1,3-propanediol; inoculating a 1,3-propanediol-producing strain in a seed medium containing crude glycerol, a by-product from biodiesel production; adding the seed culture into a fermentation medium containing crude glycerol, a by-product from biodiesel production, and fermenting; maintaining pH in a range of 6.8 to 8.0; and in the end of the fermentation, isolating and purifying 1,3-propanediol.

摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种1,3-丙二醇的制造方法，其特征在于，在生物柴油的生产中使用副产物粗甘油，无需进一步处理，作为1,3-丙二醇的生产用基材。 在含有来自生物柴油生产的副产物的粗甘油的种子培养基中接种1,3-丙二醇生产菌株; 将种子培养物加入到含有来自生物柴油生产的副产物和发酵的粗甘油的发酵培养基中; 保持pH在6.8至8.0的范围内; 并在发酵结束时，分离和纯化1,3-丙二醇。

公开(公告)号：US06671466B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-30

申请号：US09357228

申请日：1999-07-20

申请人： Sonali Banerjee ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun

发明人： Sonali Banerjee ,  Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun

IPC分类号： H04J1402

CPC分类号： H04B10/296

摘要： Distortion and crosstalk that occurs when operating optical amplifiers in saturation is substantially reduced by passively compensating for gain variations caused by changes in input power to the optical amplifiers. More specifically, in an optical communication system having one or more optical amplifiers, a “reservoir” optical channel is supplied in addition to the other traffic-carrying optical channels. The wavelength of the reservoir channel is selected such that the power level of the reservoir channel varies in response to changes in power levels of the traffic-carrying channels. Because gain variations are typically highest around the gain peak region in an optical amplifier's gain bandwidth, the reservoir channel in one exemplary embodiment is assigned a wavelength around the gain peak region. As such, the reservoir channel can absorb or otherwise receive most of the distortion and crosstalk while the traffic-carrying channels located away from the gain peak region will experience less distortion and crosstalk. -Importantly, this passive compensation scheme can be used in an amplified system which is operating in the presence of nonlinear distortions caused by gain variations, such as inter-modal distortion and saturation induced crosstalk.

摘要翻译： 通过被动地补偿由光放大器的输入功率变化引起的增益变化，实质上减少了在饱和状态下操作光放大器时发生的失真和串扰。 更具体地说，在具有一个或多个光放大器的光通信系统中，除了其它运载光信道之外还提供“储存器”光信道。 选择储层通道的波长，使得储层通道的功率水平响应于运载通道的功率水平的变化而变化。 由于增益变化通常在光放大器的增益带宽中的增益峰值区域附近最高，所以在一个示例性实施例中的储层通道被分配在增益峰值区域周围的波长。 因此，储存通道可以吸收或以其他方式接收大部分失真和串扰，而远离增益峰值区域的业务承载信道将经历较少的失真和串扰。 - 重要的是，这种无源补偿方案可以用在放大系统中，放大系统在存在由增益变化（如模态间失真和饱和感应串扰）引起的非线性失真的情况下工作。

公开(公告)号：US06602002B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-05

申请号：US09253279

申请日：1999-02-19

申请人： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

发明人： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

IPC分类号： H04B1000

CPC分类号： H04B10/506 ,  H04B10/2941

摘要： A high-capacity optical transmission arrangement utilizing a plurality of laser sources and a plurality of wide-band optical amplifiers permit the reliable transmission of 1 Tb/sec rates over significant distances of optical fiber.

摘要翻译： 利用多个激光源和多个宽带光放大器的大容量光传输装置允许在光纤的显着距离上可靠地传输1Tb / sec的速率。

公开(公告)号：US6049417A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-11

申请号：US79938

申请日：1998-05-15

申请人： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

发明人： Atul Kumar Srivastava ,  James William Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John Lehrer Zyskind

IPC分类号： H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/2941 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H01S2301/06 ,  H01S3/2383 ,  H04B2210/258

摘要： A wide band optical amplifier employing a split-band architecture in which an optical signal is split into several independent sub-bands which then pass in parallel through separate branches of the optical amplifier. Each branch may be optimized for the sub-band that traverses it. The independent sub-bands are combined before output, resulting in a broad band, high efficiency amplifier. Alternative, hybrid split-band amplifiers are described. As a result of their desirable characteristics, these wide band optical amplifiers may be used in dense WDM communications systems.

摘要翻译： 采用分波段结构的宽带光放大器，其中光信号被分成几个独立的子带，然后它们通过光放大器的分开的分支并行通过。 每个分支可以针对穿过它的子带进行优化。 独立的子带在输出之前被组合，产生宽带，高效放大器。 描述了替代的混合分离放大器。 作为其期望特性的结果，这些宽带光放大器可以用在密集WDM通信系统中。

公开(公告)号：US20110055104A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-03

申请号：US12909062

申请日：2010-10-21

申请人： Yan Sun ,  Steven M. Kay ,  Yafei Yang ,  Qing Yang

发明人： Yan Sun ,  Steven M. Kay ,  Yafei Yang ,  Qing Yang

IPC分类号： G06Q30/00

CPC分类号： G06Q30/02 ,  G06Q10/10 ,  G06Q30/0282

摘要： A method is disclosed for detecting unfair ratings in rating data over a period of time in connection with an on-line rating system. The method includes the steps of: detecting changes in an arrival rate of ratings in the rating data over the period of time and providing arrival rate change data; detecting changes in a model of the rating data over the period of time such that changes in the model are represented as model errors and providing model error data; detecting changes in a histogram of the rating data over the period of time and providing histogram detection data; detecting changes in a mean of the rating data over the period of time and providing mean change detection data; and processing the arrival rate change data, the model error data, the histogram detection data, and the mean change detection data to identify unfair ratings in the rating data.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在一段时间内检测与在线评级系统相关的评级数据中的不公平等级的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：检测一段时间内评级数据中的评级到达率的变化并提供到达率变化数据; 在时间段内检测评级数据模型的变化，使得模型中的变化被表示为模型误差并提供模型误差数据; 检测一段时间内评级数据的直方图的变化并提供直方图检测数据; 检测一段时间内评级数据的平均值的变化并提供均值变化检测数据; 以及处理到达率变化数据，模型误差数据，直方图检测数据和平均变化检测数据，以识别评级数据中的不公平评级。

公开(公告)号：US06498677B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-24

申请号：US09729082

申请日：2000-12-05

申请人： Yan Sun ,  Jun Ye

发明人： Yan Sun ,  Jun Ye

IPC分类号： H04B1012

CPC分类号： H04B10/296

摘要： Optical amplifiers are provided for use in fiber-optic communications networks. Gain may be provided using one or more rare-earth-doped fiber coils such as erbium-doped fiber coils. The coils may be pumped by laser diodes or other suitable pumps. The optical output power of the pumps in a given amplifier may be controlled by a control unit. Taps may be used to monitor the power of optical signals being amplified by the amplifier. The tapped optical signals may be spectrally-filtered. The control unit may calculate the appropriate pump power for the pumps to supply to the fiber coils based on the measured spectrally-filtered optical signals. The gain of the amplifier may be maintained at a desired level using feedback control techniques. The gain spectrum of the amplifier need not be flat. A combination of feed-forward and feedback techniques may be used to calculate the pump power to be supplied by the pumps.

摘要翻译： 提供光放大器用于光纤通信网络。 可以使用一个或多个稀土掺杂的光纤线圈（例如掺铒光纤线圈）来提供增益。 线圈可以由激光二极管或其它合适的泵泵送。 给定放大器中的泵的光输出功率可以由控制单元控制。 抽头可用于监视被放大器放大的光信号的功率。 抽头的光信号可以进行频谱滤波。 控制单元可以基于经测量的经过光谱滤波的光信号，计算供给纤维线圈的泵的适当泵功率。 可以使用反馈控制技术将放大器的增益保持在期望的水平。 放大器的增益谱不必平坦。 可以使用前馈和反馈技术的组合来计算由泵供应的泵功率。

公开(公告)号：US06417961B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-09

申请号：US09727775

申请日：2000-12-04

申请人： Yan Sun ,  Chien-Jen Chen ,  William S. Wong

发明人： Yan Sun ,  Chien-Jen Chen ,  William S. Wong

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094011 ,  H01S3/10023

摘要： Optical amplifiers are provided that have dispersion-compensating fiber that is pumped with an optical source to produce Raman gain. Removable modules of dispersion-compensating fiber, which may be separate from the Raman-pumped dispersion-compensating fiber, may be used to adjust the amount of dispersion compensation provided by a given amplifier. The Raman pump may be formed using fiber-Bragg-grating-stabilized diode lasers or other suitable pump sources. Two cross-polarized diode lasers may be used for the Raman pump to reduce the dependence of the Raman gain on the polarization of the pump. If desired, the dispersion-compensating fiber may be Raman pumped using a two-pass configuration in which pump light reflects off of a reflector to produce additional gain. The reflector may be a Faraday rotator to minimize polarization-dependent pump effects.

摘要翻译： 提供光放大器，其具有用光源泵浦以产生拉曼增益的色散补偿光纤。 可以与拉曼泵浦色散补偿光纤分离的色散补偿光纤的可移除模块可用于调整由给定放大器提供的色散补偿量。 拉曼泵可以使用光纤 - 布拉格光栅稳定的二极管激光器或其他合适的泵浦源来形成。 两个交叉极化二极管激光器可用于拉曼泵，以减少拉曼增益对泵极化的依赖性。 如果需要，色散补偿光纤可以是使用泵浦光从反射器反射以产生附加增益的双通配置泵浦的拉曼。 反射器可以是法拉第旋转器，以最小化偏振相关的泵效应。

公开(公告)号：US06377396B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

申请号：US09705760

申请日：2000-11-06

申请人： Yan Sun ,  Chia-Chi Wang ,  Yongan Wu ,  Jun Ye

发明人： Yan Sun ,  Chia-Chi Wang ,  Yongan Wu ,  Jun Ye

IPC分类号： H04B1012

CPC分类号： H04B10/2935 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/06758

摘要： Optical amplifiers with variable optical attenuators that are adjusted using a sublinear control scheme are provided. Instead of increasing the attenuation of the optical attenuator by Y dBs for each desired Y dBs in decreased optical amplifier gain, the attenuation of the variable optical attenuator is increased by less than Y dBs. This sublinear control scheme improves the noise figure performance of the optical amplifier at the expense of increased gain ripple. The overall performance of the optical amplifier may be improved, particularly in conditions in which the attenuations produced by the variable optical attenuator are relatively large.

摘要翻译： 提供使用子线性控制方案调整的具有可变光衰减器的光放大器。 在减小的光放大器增益中，不是将光衰减器的衰减增加Y dB，而是可变光衰减器的衰减小于Y dBs。 该子线性控制方案以增加的增益波动为代价改善了光放大器的噪声系数性能。 特别是在由可变光衰减器产生的衰减相对较大的条件下，可以提高光放大器的整体性能。

公开(公告)号：US06210696B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-03

申请号：US09066917

申请日：1998-04-27

申请人： Robert Howard Gore ,  Richard David Houghton ,  Warren Harvey Machleder ,  William Dean Mathis ,  Luong Tu Nguyen ,  Bridget Marie Stevens ,  Yan Sun

发明人： Robert Howard Gore ,  Richard David Houghton ,  Warren Harvey Machleder ,  William Dean Mathis ,  Luong Tu Nguyen ,  Bridget Marie Stevens ,  Yan Sun

IPC分类号： A01N2502

CPC分类号： A01N25/04

摘要： Stable dispersions of certain pesticides in agricultural oil are provided. In particular, the dispersions include a particulate pesticide, agricultural oil, and an agricultural oil-soluble polymer, the polymer in some instances containing a copolymerized polar monomer. Also provided is a method for forming the stable dispersion.

摘要翻译： 提供某些农药在农用油中的稳定分散体。 特别地，分散体包括颗粒农药，农用油和农用油溶性聚合物，该聚合物在某些情况下包含共聚的极性单体。 还提供了形成稳定分散体的方法。

公开(公告)号：US6008932A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-28

申请号：US946469

申请日：1997-10-07

申请人： Gengxian Luo ,  Atul K. Srivastava ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John L. Zyskind

发明人： Gengxian Luo ,  Atul K. Srivastava ,  James W. Sulhoff ,  Yan Sun ,  John L. Zyskind

IPC分类号： H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/13 ,  H01S3/131 ,  H01S3/16 ,  H01S3/30 ,  G02B6/26

CPC分类号： H01S3/1302 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/09415 ,  H01S3/1608

摘要： An Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is placed in a laser cavity to clamp the gain of the amplifier. The laser cavity is preferably formed to minimize the effects of relaxation oscillations and of spectral hole burning. In a preferred embodiment, the laser cavity supports a lasing wavelength which makes the saturation energy at the laser wavelength less than that at the signal wavelengths. In an erbium doped fiber implementation, the laser wavelength is shorter than that of the signal wavelengths and is separated from them by no more than approximately 75% of the width of the spectral hole. The compounding of relaxation oscillations may be substantially eliminated by varying the length of the fiber within each laser cavity within a system to change the photon round-trip time within each cavity.