公开(公告)号：US06896791B1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-24

申请号：US10115189

申请日：2002-04-02

Applicant: Sten K. Henriksen

Inventor： Sten K. Henriksen

IPC: C23F13/04 ,  C23F13/06

CPC classification number: C23F13/04 ,  C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/5376 ,  C04B41/72 ,  C23F2201/02 ,  C04B28/02 ,  C04B32/02

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of inhibiting or preventing corrosion of reinforced steel in concrete by eliminating the differences in surface potentials that result in the total pasivation of corrosion activity and create an environment in the steel that does not allow corrosion. The method, optimally includes measuring the active non-uniform surface potential in the steel and passing a DC voltage through the concrete and steel to stop corrosion providing a substantially uniform potential on the reinforced steel. The current is controlled and adjusted to send pre-determined amounts of electrical energy to individual areas targeted for treatment. A corrosion potential survey may be conducted to determine the energy requirements necessary for the corrosion condition or a reference electrode may be strategically placed on the concrete structure. The amount of energy passed is sufficient to polarize the reinforcing steel sufficiently to stop corrosion and establish substantially uniform surface potentials on all the reinforcing steel. The invention also includes changing conditions on the surface of steel from a condition of non-uniform surface potential to a condition of substantially uniform surface potential.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种抑制或防止混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的方法，通过消除导致腐蚀活性的总挥发性的表面电位差异，并在钢中产生不允许腐蚀的环境。 该方法最佳地包括测量钢中的主动不均匀表面电位并使直流电压通过混凝土和钢，以停止腐蚀，从而在钢筋上提供基本上均匀的电势。 控制和调整电流以将预定量的电能发送到针对治疗的各个区域。 可以进行腐蚀电位测量以确定腐蚀条件所需的能量需求，或者参考电极可以有策略地放置在混凝土结构上。 通过的能量足以使钢筋充分极化，以防止腐蚀，并在所有钢筋上形成基本均匀的表面电位。 本发明还包括从不均匀表面电位的条件到表面电位基本均匀的条件下钢表面的变化条件。

公开(公告)号：US20050077191A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-14

申请号：US10683108

申请日：2003-10-14

Applicant: David Whitmore

Inventor： David Whitmore

IPC: C23F13/16 ,  C23F13/00

CPC classification number: C23F13/16 ,  C23F2201/02

Abstract: Cathodic protection of an existing concrete structure, including a steel member at least partly buried, such as steel rebar, in the concrete structure, is provided by embedding anodes into a fresh concrete layer applied over an excavated patch and/or as a covering overlay. The anodes are embedded at spaced positions or as an array in the layer and connected to the rebar. A reinforcing layer is applied to the anode or adjacent the anode to resist expansion of the anode body tending to cause cracking of the concrete caused by the larger volume of the corrosion products relative to the anode material. Pores are provided in the anode body so as to take up the corrosion products. The reinforcing layer can be provided in the actual anode body as a closed surface surrounding the anode material inside or may be provided in the concrete as a layer on top of the anode in an array form at or near the outer surface of the concrete.

Abstract translation: 通过将阳极嵌入施加在挖掘的贴片和/或覆盖层上的新混凝土层中来提供在现有混凝土结构中的阴极保护，包括在混凝土结构中至少部分埋设的钢构件（例如钢筋）。 阳极嵌入在层间的间隔位置或阵列上，并与钢筋连接。 加强层施加到阳极或邻近阳极以抵抗阳极体的膨胀，从而导致相对于阳极材料的较大体积的腐蚀产物引起的混凝土开裂。 在阳极体中设置有孔以吸收腐蚀产物。 增强层可以在实际的阳极体中设置为围绕阳极材料的封闭表面，或者可以在混凝土中作为层叠在阳极的顶部上，以阵列形式设置在混凝土的外表面附近。

公开(公告)号：US06793800B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-21

申请号：US10324111

申请日：2002-12-20

Applicant: David Whitmore

Inventor： David Whitmore

IPC: C23F1300

CPC classification number: C23F13/16 ,  C23F2201/02

Abstract: Cathodic protection of an existing concrete structure, including a steel member at least partly buried, such as steel rebar, in the concrete structure, is provided by embedding anodes into a fresh concrete layer applied over an excavated patch and/or as a covering overlay. The anodes are embedded at spaced positions or as an array in the layer and connected to the rebar. A corrosion inhibitor is added into the fresh concrete at least at the interface and more preferably in admixture with the fresh concrete which acts to reduce the flow of ionic current to the steel or between the anode member and the steel in the fresh covering material without significantly increasing the resistivity of the fresh covering material and without inhibiting the ionic current between the anode member and the fresh covering material. In this way the current to the steel in the existing concrete is maximized to maximize the cathodic protection to the existing steel which is the primary target.

Abstract translation: 通过将阳极嵌入施加在挖掘的贴片和/或覆盖层上的新混凝土层中来提供在现有混凝土结构中的阴极保护，包括在混凝土结构中至少部分埋设的钢构件（例如钢筋）。 阳极嵌入在层间的间隔位置或阵列上，并与钢筋连接。 至少在界面处将新的混凝土中的腐蚀抑制剂加入到新混凝土中，更优选与新鲜的混凝土混合，这些混凝土的作用是减少离子电流向新鲜的覆盖材料中的钢或阳极构件和钢之间的流动，而不会明显 增加新鲜覆盖材料的电阻率，并且不会抑制阳极构件和新鲜覆盖材料之间的离子电流。 以这种方式，现有混凝土中的钢的电流最大化，以使作为主要目标的现有钢的阴极保护最大化。

公开(公告)号：US06419816B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US09761388

申请日：2001-01-16

Applicant: Efim Ya. Lyublinski

Inventor： Efim Ya. Lyublinski

IPC: C23F1304

CPC classification number: C23F13/04 ,  C23F2201/02 ,  E04C5/015

Abstract: Combining an electroosmosis direct current (EP) applied at less than 1 mA/Mcm3 (milliamp per 1000 cm3 of concrete) with an anode placed adjacent an outer surface of reinforced concrete soaked with a substantially neutral saline solution, effectively depletes corrosive anions in the concrete even when the direct current is in the range from 0.01 mA to less than 1 mA and at a voltage less than 100 V. Further, using such electroosmotic treatment as a first treatment, and promptly following it with cathodic protection, preferably by an impressed cathodic current (CP) at a comparably low voltage, the current density of CP required for cathodic protection is unexpectedly reduced. This decrease in the required current density of impressed current CP, coupled with low installation and operational costs of the novel system, improves the efficiency of a conventional cathodic protection system, whether by impressed current or with sacrificial anodes, several fold, as high as by a factor of 3 to 30 times. Both processes may be operated together without one circuit interfering with the other.

Abstract translation: 结合以小于1mA / Mcm 3（毫安/ 1000cm 3混凝土）施加的电渗直流（EP）与邻近于用基本上中性的盐水溶液浸泡的钢筋混凝土的外表面放置的阳极，有效地消耗了混凝土中的腐蚀性阴离子 即使当直流电流在0.01mA至小于1mA的范围内并且电压低于100V时。此外，使用这样的电渗处理作为第一处理，并且随后通过阴极保护，优选地通过阴极保护阴极 电流（CP）在相当低的电压下，阴极保护所需的电流密度意外降低。 压缩电流CP的所需电流密度的降低以及新型系统的低安装和运行成本，提高了常规阴极保护系统的效率，无论是通过外加电流还是牺牲阳极，几倍，高达 是3到30倍的因子。 两个过程可以一起操作，而没有一个电路干扰另一个。

公开(公告)号：US06022469A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-08

申请号：US448586

申请日：1995-08-09

Applicant: Christopher L Page

Inventor： Christopher L Page

IPC: E04C5/02 ,  C23F13/00 ,  C23F13/02

CPC classification number: C23F13/02 ,  C23F13/06 ,  C23F13/14 ,  C23F2201/02 ,  C23F2213/22

Abstract: Reinforcement in concrete is cathodically protected by galvanically connecting a sacrificial anode, such as a zinc or zinc alloy anode, to the reinforcement, and contacting the anode with an electrolyte solution having a pH which is maintained sufficiently high for corrosion of the anode to occur, and for passive film formation on the anode to be avoided. The pH of the electrolyte is preferably at least 0.2 units, and preferably from 0.5 units to more than 1.0 units, above the pH value at which passivity of the anode would occur. The electrolyte may be for example sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide but is preferably lithium hydroxide which also acts as an alkali-silica reaction inhibitor.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB94 / 01224 Sec。 371日期：1995年8月9日 102（e）日期1995年8月9日PCT提交1994年6月6日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 29496 日期1994年12月22日混凝土中的增强物通过将牺牲阳极（例如锌或锌合金阳极）电镀连接到增强件而被阴极保护，并且使阳极与电解质溶液接触，所述电解质溶液的pH保持足够高以便腐蚀 阳极发生，并且在阳极上形成钝化膜以避免。 电解质的pH优选为高于发生阳极无源的pH值的0.2单位，优选为0.5单位至大于1.0单位。 电解质可以是例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾，但优选也用作碱 - 二氧化硅反应抑制剂的氢氧化锂。

公开(公告)号：US5879817A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-09

申请号：US371544

申请日：1995-01-19

Applicant: Carl W. Brown, Jr. ,  John E. Bennett ,  John J. Bartholomew ,  Barry L. Martin ,  Thomas J. Schue

Inventor： Carl W. Brown, Jr. ,  John E. Bennett ,  John J. Bartholomew ,  Barry L. Martin ,  Thomas J. Schue

IPC: B32B13/06 ,  C04B41/51 ,  C04B41/52 ,  C04B41/69 ,  C04B41/70 ,  C23C4/00 ,  C23F13/02 ,  C23F13/12 ,  C23F15/00 ,  B32B3/10 ,  B32B13/00 ,  B32B13/04 ,  B32B15/04

CPC classification number: C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/51 ,  C04B41/52 ,  C04B41/69 ,  C04B41/70 ,  C23F13/12 ,  C23F13/16 ,  C04B2111/265 ,  C23F2201/02 ,  Y10T428/12535 ,  Y10T428/12583 ,  Y10T428/1259 ,  Y10T428/12611 ,  Y10T428/12806 ,  Y10T428/12819 ,  Y10T428/12826 ,  Y10T428/24917 ,  Y10T428/249956 ,  Y10T428/249957 ,  Y10T428/24999

Abstract: A metal coating of typically a valve metal, especially a titanium metal coating, is applied by thermal spraying to the surface of concrete, most particularly steel-reinforced concrete. The metal such as titanium may be sprayed by any one of several thermal spraying techniques including flame spray, electric-arc spray, plasma spray, high-velocity oxyfuel spray, or detonation gun spray. The metal coating should be tightly adhered to the concrete and desirably will have a porosity to facilitate extensive coating of the metal itself, as well as facilitate any activation that may be needed for the metal. Such activation can be in the form of an electrochemically active material which allows the coating to function in electrochemically active form. One coating option is to apply a solution onto the spray-applied metal, then polarize the metal anodically to effect deposition of active material on the metal. Another option includes depositing electrochemically active material directly onto the concrete, then applying an adherent, electrically conductive overlay such as a titanium metal coating to the treated concrete.

Abstract translation: 典型的阀金属，特别是钛金属涂层的金属涂层通过热喷涂施加到混凝土表面，特别是钢筋混凝土。 诸如钛的金属可以通过几种热喷涂技术中的任何一种喷涂，包括火焰喷涂，电弧喷涂，等离子体喷涂，高速氧燃料喷雾或爆炸枪喷雾。 金属涂层应该紧密地粘附到混凝土上，并且期望地具有孔隙度以便于金属本身的广泛涂覆，并且促进金属可能需要的任何活化。 这种激活可以是电化学活性材料的形式，其允许涂层以电化学活性形式起作用。 一种涂层选择是将溶液施加到喷涂金属上，然后阳极极化金属，以使活性材料沉积在金属上。 另一个选择包括将电化学活性材料直接沉积到混凝土上，然后将粘附的导电覆盖物例如钛金属涂层施加到经处理的混凝土。

公开(公告)号：US5639358A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-17

申请号：US395141

申请日：1995-02-27

Applicant: John E. Bennett ,  Gerald R. Pohto ,  Thomas A. Mitchell

Inventor： John E. Bennett ,  Gerald R. Pohto ,  Thomas A. Mitchell

IPC: C23F13/02 ,  C23F13/16 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25C7/02 ,  C23F13/00

CPC classification number: C23F13/16 ,  C23F13/02 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25C7/02 ,  C23F2201/02 ,  Y10S428/933 ,  Y10T29/18

Abstract: An anode for cathodically-protected steel-reinforced concrete is embedded in an ion-conductive overlay on the concrete structure. The anode comprises at least one sheet of highly expanded valve metal mesh having a pattern of voids defined by a network of valve metal strands connected at a multiplicity of nodes. This provides a redundancy of current-carrying paths through the mesh which ensures effective current distribution throughout the mesh even in the event of possible breakage of a number of individual strands. The surface of the valve metal mesh carries an electrochemically active coating. At least one current distribution member is welded to the valve metal mesh. The entire area of the structure to be protected, excluding non-protected openings for obstacles and the like, is covered by a single piece of the mesh, or several pieces in close proximity with one another.

Abstract translation: 用于阴极保护的钢筋混凝土的阳极嵌入在混凝土结构的离子传导覆盖层中。 阳极包括至少一个高度膨胀的阀金属网片，其具有由在多个节点处连接的阀金属线的网络限定的空隙图案。 这提供了通过网格的载流路径的冗余，其确保了在整个网格中的有效电流分布，即使在多个单独的线束可能的断裂的情况下。 阀门金属网的表面带有电化学活性涂层。 至少一个电流分配构件焊接到阀金属网。 要保护的结构的整个区域，不包括用于障碍物等的未受保护的开口，被单个网状物或彼此紧邻的几个部分覆盖。

公开(公告)号：US5536387A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-16

申请号：US428457

申请日：1995-04-27

Applicant: Michael R. H. Hill ,  Mark D. Neville ,  Andrew D. Turner

Inventor： Michael R. H. Hill ,  Mark D. Neville ,  Andrew D. Turner

IPC: G03C5/00 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F1/62 ,  C22B3/20 ,  C22B11/00 ,  C25C1/20 ,  C02F1/463

CPC classification number: B01J47/08 ,  B01D61/48 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  C02F1/62 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/4604 ,  C02F1/4695 ,  C02F2001/46133 ,  C02F2101/103 ,  C02F2101/163 ,  C02F2103/40 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C23F2201/02

Abstract: Effluent streams from photographic processes contain both silver and thiosulphate ions, and because of the formation of complex anions it is difficult to remove the silver. The silver may be removed using a cell (12) with a cathode (24) exposed to the effluent liquid, and an anode (25) separated from the liquid by a barrier (22) permeable at least to anions. Some silver sulphide is formed electrochemically at the cathode (24); at the anode (25) water is electrolysed and becomes acidic, so the complex anions migrating through the barrier (22) generate silver sulphide chemically. The resulting silver sulphide precipitate is separated from the liquid by a filter (14).

Abstract translation: 来自摄影过程的流出物流含有银和硫代硫酸根离子，并且由于形成复杂的阴离子，因此难以除去银。 银可以使用暴露于流出液体的阴极（24）的电池（12）和通过至少可阴离子渗透的屏障（22）与液体分离的阳极（25）来除去。 一些硫化银在阴极（24）处电化学形成; 在阳极（25），水被电解并变成酸性，所以通过阻挡层（22）迁移的复合阴离子化学地产生硫化银。 所得的硫化银沉淀物通过过滤器（14）与液体分离。

公开(公告)号：US5531873A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-02

申请号：US250476

申请日：1994-05-27

Applicant: Martti Pulliainen ,  Tarja Haapamaki

Inventor： Martti Pulliainen ,  Tarja Haapamaki

IPC: C23F13/18 ,  C23F13/00

CPC classification number: C23F13/18 ,  C23F2201/02

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for fixing an electrode arrangement to be used in the cathodic protection of concrete structures. In the method, an anode (20) is mounted in a framework (11) and the framework with its anodes is mounted on the concrete structure at a production plant or in the mounting step before the concreting step. The invention also relates to a fixing element (10) of the electrode arrangement to be used in the cathodic protection of concrete structures, which fixing element is comprised of an anode (20) and a framework (11), which framework (11) is provided with means (15) for fixing the element (10) to the concrete structure.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种固定用于混凝土结构阴极保护的电极装置的方法。 在该方法中，阳极（20）安装在框架（11）中，并且具有阳极的框架在生产工厂或混凝土步骤之前的安装步骤中安装在混凝土结构上。 本发明还涉及用于混凝土结构阴极保护的电极装置的固定元件（10），该固定元件由阳极（20）和框架（11）组成，该框架（11）是 设置有用于将元件（10）固定到混凝土结构的装置（15）。

公开(公告)号：US5451307A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-19

申请号：US591177

申请日：1990-10-01

Applicant: John E. Bennett ,  Gerald R. Pohto ,  Thomas A. Mitchell

Inventor： John E. Bennett ,  Gerald R. Pohto ,  Thomas A. Mitchell

IPC: C23F13/02 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25C7/02 ,  C23F13/00

CPC classification number: C23F13/16 ,  C23F13/02 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25C7/02 ,  C23F2201/02 ,  Y10T29/18

Abstract: This invention relates generally to an electrically conductive valve metal mesh of extreme void fraction. More particularly the invention relates in a most important aspect to an application thereof for an electrode structure in such a way as to prevent the corrosion of steel, including reinforcing steel in concrete, by cathodic protection.

Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及极端空隙率的导电阀金属网。 更具体地，本发明在其最重要的方面涉及其用于电极结构的应用，以便通过阴极保护来防止包括钢筋混凝土中的钢的腐蚀。