公开(公告)号：US5306733A

公开(公告)日：1994-04-26

申请号：US114557

申请日：1993-08-30

申请人： Robert P. Adamski ,  Maryanne Mores ,  Pui K. Wong ,  Diana D. Davis

发明人： Robert P. Adamski ,  Maryanne Mores ,  Pui K. Wong ,  Diana D. Davis

IPC分类号： C08F2/22 ,  C08F2/32 ,  C08F12/00 ,  C08F20/10 ,  C08F212/00 ,  C08F212/08 ,  C08F212/36 ,  C08F220/10 ,  C08F220/12 ,  C08F220/20 ,  C08J9/28 ,  G01N13/00 ,  G01N13/02 ,  C08J9/26

CPC分类号： G01N13/00 ,  C08F2/32 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C08J2201/0504 ,  G01N2013/025

摘要： Stable high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions containing polymerizable vinyl monomers, crosslinking monomers and polymerization initiators are obtained by using saccharide fatty acid esters as surfactants. The amount of surfactants necessary to form stable high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions is decreased by using saccharide fatty acid esters as surfactants. Further, hydrophobic foams can be obtained by using saccharide fatty acid esters.

公开(公告)号：US4885932A

公开(公告)日：1989-12-12

申请号：US072081

申请日：1987-07-10

申请人： Mary B. Heffernan ,  Kenneth A. Norton ,  Bruce Cowger

发明人： Mary B. Heffernan ,  Kenneth A. Norton ,  Bruce Cowger

IPC分类号： B41J2/175 ,  B41J2/20 ,  G01N13/02

CPC分类号： B41J2/20 ,  G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/025

摘要： The cleanliness in foams used as ink reservoirs and ink delivery systems in ink-jet printing is determined by at least one of two methods. In the first method, the amount of non-volatile residues is measured. An amount of NVRs of less than about 0.2 wt/wt % is sufficient to provide adequate ink fluid properties. In the second method, the surface tension is measured for ink vehicle prior to and following exposure to the foam. For inks formulated for specially-coated paper printing, so long as the surface tension following exposure to the foam is at least about 40 dyne/cm, then adequate ink fluid properties are assured. For inks formulated for plain paper printing, so long as the drop in surface tension is less than about 7 dyne/cm as compared to ink vehicle not so exposed, then adequate ink fluid properties are assured.

摘要翻译： 在喷墨打印中用作墨水储存器和墨水输送系统的泡沫体中的清洁度通过两种方法中的至少一种来确定。 在第一种方法中，测量非挥发性残余物的量。 小于约0.2wt / wt％的NVR的量足以提供足够的油墨流体性质。 在第二种方法中，在暴露于泡沫之前和之后测量油墨载体的表面张力。 对于专门用于特殊涂布纸印刷的油墨，只要暴露在泡沫中的表面张力至少为40达因/厘米，就可确保足够的油墨流体性能。 对于用于普通纸印刷的油墨，只要与未曝露的油墨载体相比，表面张力的下降小于约7达因/厘米，则确保足够的油墨流体性质。

公开(公告)号：US4621521A

公开(公告)日：1986-11-11

申请号：US704372

申请日：1985-02-22

申请人： Horst Lattek ,  Hans-Ferdi Fink ,  Gotz Koerner

发明人： Horst Lattek ,  Hans-Ferdi Fink ,  Gotz Koerner

IPC分类号： G01N7/14 ,  G01N13/00 ,  G01N13/02 ,  G01N33/28

CPC分类号： G01N7/14 ,  G01N13/00 ,  G01N2013/025

摘要： An apparatus for simulating the actual conditions of foam formation during crude oil production includes a transparent cylindrical measuring vessel having a circumferential flange formed at its open top. A ring-shaped member is seated on the flange and defines a chamber in communication with the measuring vessel. The ring-shaped member and the measuring vessel are connected in a gas-tight manner. A supply line for the liquid to be dissolved or distributed in the crude oil sample and a discharge line for the liquid evaporating under measurement conditions open into the chamber. The supply line is connected to a supply reservoir via a metering valve for the liquid. A stop valve is provided in the discharge line.

摘要翻译： 用于模拟原油生产期间泡沫形成的实际条件的装置包括透明圆柱形测量容器，其具有在其开口顶部形成的圆周凸缘。 环形构件位于凸缘上并且限定与测量容器连通的腔室。 环形构件和测量容器以气密方式连接。 用于溶解或分布在原油样品中的液体的供应管线和用于在测量条件下蒸发的液体的排出管线进入室中。 供应管线通过用于液体的计量阀连接到供应储存器。 排气管中设有截止阀。

公开(公告)号：US4233032A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-11

申请号：US11253

申请日：1979-02-12

申请人： Bernard E. Statland ,  Geoffrey Sher

发明人： Bernard E. Statland ,  Geoffrey Sher

IPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N33/50 ,  G01N33/48 ,  G01N13/00

CPC分类号： G01N33/50 ,  G01N2013/025

摘要： A simple rapid STAT test and test kit are provided for the reliable determination of prenatal lung maturity as well as other surfactant lipid dependent determinations. The method involves a shake test employing a plurality of vials having graduated volumes of ethanol, including a dye, normally in combination with a positive control. A predetermined amount of the sample is introduced into each of the vials, the vials shaken in a reproducible manner, and the highest ethanol volume fraction which provides for a stable foam determined. Based on statistical evaluations, an ethanol volume fraction above 0.45 will generally be regarded as positive, meaning healthy lung maturity, while a value below about 0.45 will generally indicate that further investigation is warranted.

摘要翻译： 提供了简单的快速STAT测试和测试试剂盒，用于可靠地测定产前肺成熟度以及其他表面活性剂脂质依赖性测定。 该方法包括使用具有分级体积的乙醇的多个小瓶（包括通常与阳性对照组合的染料）进行摇动测试。 将预定量的样品引入每个小瓶中，小瓶以可重复的方式摇动，并且确定提供稳定泡沫的最高乙醇体积分数。 基于统计学评估，高于0.45的乙醇体积分数通常被认为是阳性，意味着健康的肺成熟，而低于约0.45的值通常表明需要进一步的调查。

公开(公告)号：US3871211A

公开(公告)日：1975-03-18

申请号：US39950973

申请日：1973-09-21

申请人： TAL AHARON

发明人： TAL AHARON

IPC分类号： E02D1/02 ,  G01N13/02 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N7/10

CPC分类号： G01N33/246 ,  E02D1/027 ,  G01N2013/025

摘要： A tensiometer is described for measuring soil-moisture tension, including a tube hermetically sealed at the top and closed at the bottom by a water-permeable member and adapted to be completely filled with water which is permeable through the member into and out of the ground in accordance with the soil-moisture tension. The novel tensiometer, of which several embodiments are described, includes an indicating device containing an expansible chamber, the indicating device being sealed and including a liquid and a captive gas-bubble therein, whereby the expansible chamber expands and contracts, with the change in pressure within the tube caused by the permeation of the water through the permeable member, to indicate the soil-moisture tension of the ground into which the tube is inserted.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于测量土壤湿度张力的张力计，包括在顶部气密密封并且在底部由透水构件封闭的管，并且适于完全充满水，该水通过构件可渗透和流出地面 按照土壤 - 水分的张力。 描述了几个实施例的新型张力计包括包含可膨胀室的指示装置，该指示装置被密封并且在其中包括液体和捕获气泡，由此可膨胀室随着压力变化而膨胀和收缩 在水中通过可渗透构件的渗透引起管内，以指示管插入其中的地面的土壤 - 水分张力。

公开(公告)号：US1866296A

公开(公告)日：1932-07-05

申请号：US27793328

申请日：1928-05-15

申请人： AMERICAN CYANAMID CO

发明人： CHRISTMANN LUDWIG J

IPC分类号： G01N13/00 ,  G01N13/02

CPC分类号： G01N13/00 ,  G01N2013/025

公开(公告)号：US20240060867A1

公开(公告)日：2024-02-22

申请号：US18168910

申请日：2023-02-14

申请人： KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS

发明人： Wei YU ,  Hau Yung LO ,  Zhengwei PAN ,  Mazen Yousef KANJ

IPC分类号： G01N11/00

CPC分类号： G01N11/00 ,  G01N2013/025

摘要： A method for evaluating the foamability of a test solution. The method includes forming foam in a vertical measurement column including an open top end and a fritted plate proximal to a bottom end by passing a gas stream through the fitted plate and through the test solution present in the vertical measurement column at a gas volume rate (GVR) and a gas flow rate (GFR). The foam travels upwards in the vertical measurement column while the gas stream is passing through the test solution. The method further includes measuring the viscosity of the foam with a vibration viscometer disposed proximal to the top end of the vertical measurement column, and further recording a plurality of vibration viscometer measurement results and storing the results (a surfactant amount Csurf, the GVR, and the GFR) in memory to determine one or more foam properties of the test solution.

公开(公告)号：US11821827B2

公开(公告)日：2023-11-21

申请号：US17334333

申请日：2021-05-28

申请人： SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY

发明人： Adrian Cesar Cavazos Sepulveda

IPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N33/28 ,  B01F23/411 ,  B01F23/235 ,  B01F23/41 ,  C09K8/584

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  B01F23/4111 ,  C09K8/584 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N33/2823 ,  B01F23/235 ,  B01F23/4145 ,  G01N2001/387 ,  G01N2013/025 ,  G01N2013/0275

摘要： Methods of evaluating a surfactant may include ultrasonicating a mixture of oil, water, and the surfactant to form at least one of the following: a sub-macroemulsion, a macroemulsion phase or a combination of the aforementioned; separating the sub-macroemulsion from the macroemulsion phase; introducing the sub-macroemulsion into a foam container; performing a first automated phase identification of the sub-macroemulsion; introducing a gas into the sub-macroemulsion to generate a column of foam, where the column of foam has a height in the foam container; performing a second automated phase identification of the sub-macroemulsion; and measuring the height of the column of foam in the foam container. In these methods, the first and second automated phase identifications may be configured to quantify one or more liquid phases and a foam phase in the column.

公开(公告)号：US20090283146A1

公开(公告)日：2009-11-19

申请号：US12306598

申请日：2007-06-29

申请人： Noel William Alexander Lambert

发明人： Noel William Alexander Lambert

IPC分类号： B01F5/04

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  B03D1/02 ,  B03D1/028 ,  B03D1/1412 ,  B03D1/247 ,  G01N2013/025 ,  Y10T137/0318 ,  Y10T137/87587

摘要： The present invention provides a device (10) for detecting the frothing ability of a fluid, said device including: an inlet (11) for receiving a portion of said fluid; means (12) for entraining air into said fluid portion; a mixing chamber (13) for receiving said air entrained fluid portion, said mixing chamber (13) being adapted for mixing said fluid portion and said air; and a detector (15) for detecting the amount of froth (18) generated in said mixing chamber (13). The invention also provides a method for detecting the frothing ability of a fluid.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于检测流体的起泡能力的装置（10），所述装置包括：用于容纳所述流体的一部分的入口（11）; 用于将空气吸入所述流体部分的装置（12） 用于接收所述空气夹带的流体部分的混合室（13），所述混合室（13）适于混合所述流体部分和所述空气; 以及用于检测在所述混合室（13）中产生的泡沫（18）的量的检测器（15）。 本发明还提供一种用于检测流体起泡能力的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20090088485A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-02

申请号：US11988976

申请日：2006-07-13

申请人： Menno Anton Van Dijk ,  Wouter Koot ,  Albert Jan Zeeman

发明人： Menno Anton Van Dijk ,  Wouter Koot ,  Albert Jan Zeeman

IPC分类号： B01D19/02 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  B01D19/0005 ,  B01D19/04 ,  G01N2013/025

摘要： The invention is a method for controlling foaming in a process, the method comprising the steps of: (a) withdrawing process liquid from the process and generating gas bubbles in the process liquid by contacting the process liquid with bubble gas; (b) measuring individual lifetimes of the gas bubbles to obtain bubble lifetime data; (c) using the bubble lifetime data to predict the foam-forming tendency of the process liquid; (d) if the bubble lifetime data indicate that excess foaming will occur, adjusting the process to prevent excess foaming.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种在工艺中控制发泡的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：（a）从处理液中取出处理液并通过使处理液体与气泡接触而产生处理液体中的气泡; （b）测量气泡的个体寿命以获得气泡寿命数据; （c）使用气泡寿命数据来预测工艺液体的泡沫形成趋势; （d）如果气泡寿命数据表明会发生过量的发泡，调整过程以防止多余的起泡。