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公开(公告)号：US08939200B1
公开(公告)日：2015-01-27
申请号：US14248360
申请日：2014-04-09
CPC分类号： E21B28/00 , E21B43/003 , E21B43/127 , E21B43/26
摘要： Selected designs for reciprocating pumps and down-hole well-stimulation equipment reflect disparate applications of identical technical principles (relating to, e.g., the vibration spectrum of an impulse). In certain of these designs, the vibration spectrum is controlled, suppressed and/or damped using tunable components to limit destructive excitation of resonances; in others the vibration spectrum is tuned at its source for maximum resonance excitation. For example, tunable fluid ends control valve-generated vibration to increase fluid-end reliability. By down-shifting the frequency domain of each valve-closing impulse shock, initial excitation of fluid end resonances is minimized. Subsequent damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration likely to excite one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonances represents further optimal use of fluid end vibration-control resources. Vibration generation in stimulators, in contrast, includes techniques for production of desired frequency bands (vibration spectra) and amplitudes (vibration energy) near explosively-formed perforations in a wellbore.
摘要翻译： 往复泵和井下井刺激设备的选定设计反映了相同技术原理（涉及例如脉冲的振动谱）的不同应用。 在这些设计的某些设计中，使用可调组件来控制，抑制和/或抑制振动谱，以限制谐振的破坏性激励; 在其他方面，振动频谱在其源处被调谐以实现最大共振激励。 例如，可调流体端部控制阀产生的振动，以增加流体端的可靠性。 通过下移每个闭阀脉冲冲击的频域，使流体端共振的初始激励最小化。 可能激发一个或多个预定（并且经常是局部化的）流体端共振的振动的随后的阻尼和/或选择性衰减表示流体端振动控制资源的进一步最佳使用。 相比之下，刺激器中的振动产生包括在井眼中爆炸形成的穿孔附近产生所需频带（振动频谱）和振幅（振动能）的技术。
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公开(公告)号：US20140230928A1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-21
申请号：US14261502
申请日：2014-04-25
IPC分类号： F16K15/02
CPC分类号： F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1022 , F04B53/1025 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , F16K47/00 , Y10T137/7904
摘要： Tunable check valves reduce valve-generated vibration to increase the reliability of tunable fluid ends. Selected improved designs described herein reflect disparate applications of identical technical principles (relating to, e.g., the vibration spectrum of an impulse). Tunable check valve embodiments comprise a family including, but not limited to, tunable check valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, and tunable radial arrays. Each such tunable embodiment, in turn, contributes to blocking excitation of fluid end resonances, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. By down-shifting the frequency domain of each valve-closing impulse shock, initial excitation of fluid end resonances is minimized. Subsequent damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration likely to excite one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonances represents further optimal use of fluid end vibration-control resources for improving high-pressure fluid end reliability.
摘要翻译： 可调节止回阀减少阀门产生的振动，提高可调流体端的可靠性。 所描述的所选改进的设计反映了相同的技术原理（涉及例如脉冲的振动谱）的不同应用。 可调式止回阀实施例包括家庭，包括但不限于可调式止回阀组件，可调节阀座和可调节径向阵列。 每个这样的可调谐实施例又有助于阻止流体端部共振的激励，从而减少与疲劳开裂和/或腐蚀疲劳相关的流体端部故障的可能性。 通过下移每个闭阀脉冲冲击的频域，使流体端共振的初始激励最小化。 可能激发一个或多个预定（并且经常局部化）的流体端部共振的振动的随后的阻尼和/或选择性衰减表示用于改善高压流体端可靠性的流体端振动控制资源的进一步最佳使用。
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公开(公告)号：US08708306B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-29
申请号：US14038819
申请日：2013-09-27
IPC分类号： F16K31/00
CPC分类号： F16K17/0433 , B33Y80/00 , F16K1/36 , F16K25/005 , Y10T137/7868
摘要： A tunable valve assembly reduces valve-generated vibration. One embodiment comprises a valve body and valve seat having substantially collinear longitudinal axes. A rebound characteristic frequency is associated with rebound of the elastic valve body base plate from forceful contact with the valve seat. A central cavity in the valve body encloses a spring-mass damper optionally immersed in a dilatant liquid and having a damper resonant frequency approximating a pump housing resonance. A lateral support assembly adjustably secured to the valve seat has a support resonant frequency designed in conjunction with the rebound characteristic frequency and the damper resonant frequency. Combined hysteresis heat loss associated with the above three vibration frequencies is reflected in lower closing energy impulse amplitude and damping of associated vibrations. Compliance of the elastic valve body base plate mating with the valve seat increases closing energy impulse duration and narrows the corresponding induced vibration spectrum.
摘要翻译： 可调节阀门组件减少阀门产生的振动。 一个实施例包括具有基本上共线的纵向轴线的阀体和阀座。 反弹特性频率与弹性阀体基板的反弹与阀座的强制接触有关。 阀体中的中心空腔包围弹簧质量阻尼器，其任选地浸没在膨胀液体中并且具有接近泵壳共振的阻尼器谐振频率。 可调节地固定到阀座的侧向支撑组件具有结合回弹特性频率和阻尼器谐振频率设计的支撑谐振频率。 与上述三个振动频率相关联的组合滞后热损失反映在相关振动的较低闭合能量脉冲振幅和阻尼中。 与阀座配合的弹性阀体基板的顺从性增加了闭合能量脉冲持续时间并使相应的感应振动谱变窄。
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公开(公告)号：US20140034863A1
公开(公告)日：2014-02-06
申请号：US14047058
申请日：2013-10-07
IPC分类号： F16K25/00
CPC分类号： F16K25/005 , F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1022 , F04B53/1025 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , F16K47/00 , Y10T137/6174 , Y10T137/7868
摘要： Tunable fluid end embodiments comprise a family, each family member comprising a pump housing with at least one installed tunable component chosen from: tunable valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, tunable radial arrays and/or tunable plunger seals. For example, a tunable valve assembly or tunable radial array selectively attenuates valve-generated vibration at its source, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. Adding tunable valve seats and/or tunable plunger seals to a fluid end facilitates optimal damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration at one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonant frequencies. Thus, the likelihood of exciting destructive resonances in a pump's fluid end housing is further reduced. Optimized vibration attenuation and optimized fluid end damping are provided by altering resonant frequencies in each tunable component in relation to one or more fluid end resonant frequencies and/or tunable component resonant frequencies.
摘要翻译： 可调节流体端部实施例包括家庭，每个家庭成员包括具有至少一个安装的可调组件的泵壳体，所述可调节组件选自：可调节阀组件，可调节阀座，可调节径向阵列和/或可调节柱塞密封件。 例如，可调节阀组件或可调节径向阵列选择性地在其源处衰减阀产生的振动，从而减少与疲劳开裂和/或腐蚀疲劳相关的流体端部故障的可能性。 将可调节阀座和/或可调节柱塞密封件添加到流体端部有助于在一个或多个预定（并且经常局部化的）流体端部共振频率处的振动的最佳阻尼和/或选择性衰减。 因此，进一步降低了在泵的流体端部壳体中激发破坏性共振的可能性。 通过相对于一个或多个流体端谐振频率和/或可调谐分量谐振频率改变每个可调组件中的谐振频率来提供优化的振动衰减和优化的流体端阻尼。
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公开(公告)号：US20140034862A1
公开(公告)日：2014-02-06
申请号：US14047046
申请日：2013-10-07
IPC分类号： F16K25/00
CPC分类号： F16K25/005 , F04B53/001 , F04B53/10 , F04B53/1087 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , Y10T137/6174 , Y10T137/7868
摘要： Tunable fluid end embodiments comprise a family, each family member comprising a pump housing with at least one installed tunable component chosen from: tunable valve assemblies, tunable valve seats, tunable radial arrays and/or tunable plunger seals. For example, a tunable valve assembly or tunable radial array selectively attenuates valve-generated vibration at its source, thus reducing the likelihood of fluid end failures associated with fatigue cracking and/or corrosion fatigue. Adding tunable valve seats and/or tunable plunger seals to a fluid end facilitates optimal damping and/or selective attenuation of vibration at one or more predetermined (and frequently localized) fluid end resonant frequencies. Thus, the likelihood of exciting destructive resonances in a pump's fluid end housing is further reduced. Optimized vibration attenuation and optimized fluid end damping are provided by altering resonant frequencies in each tunable component in relation to one or more fluid end resonant frequencies and/or tunable component resonant frequencies.
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公开(公告)号：US08496224B1
公开(公告)日：2013-07-30
申请号：US13730868
申请日：2012-12-29
IPC分类号： F16K31/44
CPC分类号： F04B53/1022 , F04B53/1025 , F16K1/36 , F16K15/06 , F16K47/00 , Y10T137/6174 , Y10T137/7868
摘要： A tunable valve assembly attenuates valve-generated vibration at one or more predetermined assembly resonant frequencies. The assembly comprises a valve body having a peripheral groove spaced radially apart from a central reservoir. An adjustable preload flange is centrally coupled to the valve body for changing assembly compliance and for imposing a shear preload by partially constraining a viscoelastic element in the reservoir. Assembly resonant frequencies are thus predictably altered. Further, the vibration spectrum is narrowed and its amplitude reduced through hysteresis loss of closing impulse energy at each such altered resonant frequency. At least a first predetermined assembly resonant frequency is achieved through adjustment of shear preload, and at least a second predetermined assembly resonant frequency is achieved through choice of a viscoelastic or composite element in the peripheral groove. The peripheral groove itself may be fenestrated, thereby increasing responsiveness to longitudinal compressive force on the tunable valve assembly.
摘要翻译： 可调节阀组件以一个或多个预定的组件谐振频率衰减阀产生的振动。 组件包括具有与中央储存器径向分开的周向槽的阀体。 可调节的预紧法兰中心地连接到阀体上，用于改变组件顺从性，并通过部分约束储层中的粘弹性元件施加剪切预载荷。 因此组装谐振频率可以预测地改变。 此外，振动频谱变窄，并且其振幅通过在每个这样改变的谐振频率处的闭合脉冲能量的滞后损耗而减小。 通过调整剪切预载荷来实现至少第一预定组件谐振频率，并且通过在外围槽中选择粘弹性或复合元件来实现至少第二预定组件谐振频率。 外围槽本身可以是开窗的，从而增加对可调节阀组件上的纵向压缩力的响应。
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公开(公告)号：US08292260B1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-23
申请号：US13210407
申请日：2011-08-16
申请人： Dennis W. Gilstad
发明人： Dennis W. Gilstad
IPC分类号： F16K31/44
摘要： An impulse tolerant valve body is longitudinally deformable, acting through its convex valve seat interface and a concave valve seat to beneficially reduce closing energy impulse amplitude, increase impulse duration, damp induced resonance vibrations, and narrow the characteristic vibration spectrum. Elastic longitudinal valve body deformability results from elasticity in valve body construction materials and, in certain embodiments, from at least one fluid-filled internal elastic space in fluid communication with at least one internal surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor. Fluid flow from elastic space to surge chamber allows substantially central longitudinal valve body compression, followed by elastic valve body rebound with reverse fluid flow. Beneficial effects are achieved through dissipation of impulse energy as heat lost through fluid flow friction and valve body hysteresis. The valve body's tendency to deform centrally causes slight rotation of its convex valve seat interface on the correspondingly-curved concave valve seat.
摘要翻译： 脉冲容量阀体可纵向变形，通过其凸形阀座接口和凹形阀座作用，有利地降低关闭能量脉冲振幅，增加脉冲持续时间，减小感应共振振动，并缩小特征振动频谱。 弹性纵向阀体变形性源于阀体构造材料的弹性，并且在某些实施例中，由至少一个流体填充的内部弹性空间通过至少一个流体限流器与至少一个内部缓冲室流体连通。 从弹性空间到缓冲室的流体流动允许基本上中心的纵向阀体压缩，随后是具有反向流体流动的弹性阀体反弹。 当通过流体流动摩擦和阀体滞后导致的热量损失时，通过消耗脉冲能量来实现有益效果。 阀体中心变形的倾向使其凸形阀座接口在相应弯曲的凹形阀座上略微旋转。
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公开(公告)号：US5632335A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-27
申请号：US541367
申请日：1995-10-10
CPC分类号： E21B17/1064 , E21B17/00
摘要： An improved rod guide which reduces flow resistance by flow-through design and by reducing fluid turbulence. Incremental flow velocity changes result from progressive changes in fluid path direction and cross-sectional area. Large bearing surfaces and a predetermined compliance to bending along the longitudinal axis provide for low bearing loads and long service life. Preferred embodiments may comprise features to absorb lateral shock loads and to streamline fluid flow, further reducing turbulence and flow resistance. The guides are adapted for efficient hot-oiling and preferred embodiments incorporate automatic rotation features for extended service life in relatively straight well bores. Embodiments of the improved rod guide for use in strongly curved well bores tend to be self-aligning in a preferred position to absorb the shock of changes in pump rod direction of movement.
摘要翻译： 改进的杆导向器，通过流通设计和减少流体湍流降低流动阻力。 增量流速变化是由流体路径方向和横截面积逐渐变化引起的。 大的轴承表面和沿着纵向轴线弯曲的预定的顺应性提供低的轴承负载和长的使用寿命。 优选实施例可以包括吸收横向冲击载荷并简化流体流动的特征，进一步减少湍流和流动阻力。 引导件适用于有效的热油，并且优选实施例包括自动旋转特征，以在相对直的井眼中延长使用寿命。 用于强弯曲井眼的改进的杆导向件的实施例倾向于在优选位置自对准以吸收泵杆运动方向的变化的冲击。
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39.发明授权Method and apparatus for noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood oxygen saturation 失效用于非侵入性监测动脉血氧饱和度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4714080A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-22
申请号：US915688
申请日：1986-10-06
IPC分类号： A61B5/145 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , G01N33/497
CPC分类号： A61B5/14551
摘要： A noninvasive optical oximeter for measuring oxygen saturation of arterial blood. A sample of blood is illuminated with light at two different wavelengths. Light reflected by the blood is sensed by a photodetector and an output signal is created in response thereto. The output signal is processed to form a quotient representing the AC components of the reflected light at each wavelength. The oxygen saturation of the blood is calculated by correlating this quotient with an oxygen saturation reference curve uniquely representative of the blood oxygen saturation characteristics of a particular individual.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量动脉血氧饱和度的无创光学血氧计。 用两种不同波长的光照射血样。 由光检测器感测由血液反射的光，响应于此产生输出信号。 处理输出信号以形成表示每个波长的反射光的AC分量的商。 通过将该商与独特地代表特定个体的血氧饱和度特征的氧饱和度参考曲线相关联来计算血液的氧饱和度。
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